标签： 上海419论坛2021

Where to drive？ How to ensure safety？ Self-driving cars are on the road in Beijing

　　CCTV News:At 10: 00 a.m. on the 22nd, in Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, the first batch of temporary license plates for self-driving test were officially issued, and the approved self-driving vehicles began to test on the road.

　　Automatic driving, safety first. Before Beijing, Shanghai had allowed self-driving vehicles to be tested in open areas. So what measures have these two cities taken to ensure the safety of vehicles, operators and people around them? In the event of a traffic accident, how should the law determine the responsibility?

　　In order to ensure traffic safety, the first batch of open test roads for self-driving cars in Beijing are selected outside the Fifth Ring Road, avoiding areas where residential areas, office areas, hospitals, schools and other people have concentrated traffic. On the test roads, obvious signs indicating the road sections of the autopilot test are installed, and eye-catching autopilot test body signs are uniformly posted on the autopilot test vehicles for public identification. The test driver must pass at least 50 hours of training and be able to take over the self-driving vehicle at any time.

　　Like Shanghai, Beijing’s self-driving vehicles have also passed the examination of the closed test site before the open road test. Among them, the assessment of self-driving vehicles includes perceiving the surrounding environment, reminding the surrounding traffic participants in a perceivable way such as whistling, etc. If there is a problem that cannot be handled, the self-driving vehicles need to remind the drivers in a perceivable way. The time of manual intervention should not exceed 1 minute, and parking in an emergency should not exceed 2 seconds.

　　According to the evaluation method, in the test, if there are nearly 30 situations, such as traffic accidents, scrambling for roads, failure to maintain a safe distance and a safe speed during driving, the road test will not pass, and in some cases, it will be rejected by one vote.

　　Previously, Shanghai stipulated that car companies must purchase traffic accident liability insurance of not less than 5 million yuan per car for self-driving vehicles applying for road test, or provide traffic accident compensation guarantee of not less than 5 million yuan. During the test, an experienced test driver with no serious violation record must be equipped in the same car to deal with emergencies at any time. Others, including vehicle procedures and road violations, are consistent with the current laws and regulations.

　　Cao Guangyi, political commissar of the Traffic Police Corps of the Shanghai Public Security Bureau, said that if there is an accident, the test subject unit should bear the civil liability for compensation, and the test driver should also bear the responsibility of the driver of the accident.

Rush to the hot search! Yahoo Mail stopped serving in mainland China, and there was an early warning in November last year.

On the evening of 27th, a message # Yahoo Mail stopped serving in Chinese mainland on February 28th rushed to Weibo for hot search.

Yahoo said in the email that it can download backup emails, address books, schedules, etc. before February 28th, and it will not be able to receive and send emails or download data from Chinese mainland after February 28th.

In addition, PayPal has also sent a notice to users. If it is bound to Yahoo Mail, it needs to be changed to another email address as soon as possible.

In November last year, Yahoo China official website said that from November 1, 2021, users will not be able to use Yahoo’s products and services from Chinese mainland, and users in Chinese mainland will only be able to access Yahoo Mail, AOL Mail and Privacy Meter data from three given links. Subsequently, netizens found that Yahoo’s few online services that could be accessed in Chinese mainland were also stopped, including weather-related apps and news information, and the Chinese version of Engadget, a technology media owned by Yahoo, was also inaccessible.

It is worth mentioning that this announcement was released on November 2, and the behavior of stopping the service earlier than the announcement was also discussed by netizens. In fact, as early as 2013, Yahoo shut down news, e-mail, Chinese music and community services in Chinese mainland, and closed its research and development center in Beijing two years later, laying off more than 200 people.

According to statistics, in January, 2022, the market share of e-mail clients ranked first in Apple, second in Google Gmail, third in Microsoft Outlook and fourth in Yahoo. In 2017, when the information of 3 billion users of Yahoo was leaked, it was reported at that time that tens of millions of users were affected in China.

In the recent poll conducted on Weibo, users of QQ email account for the first place, followed by 163 email account and gmail email account, and only 299 people voted for Yahoo email account.

In 1995, Yahoo was founded. In 1996, Yahoo, which was founded only one year ago, went public. At this time, Yahoo’s market value reached 850 million dollars. Yahoo initially positioned itself as a media company, pioneered the free Internet model, and earned profits by establishing portals and selling advertising spaces. In 1997, Yahoo earned more than $70 million in revenue just by advertising. At its peak, Yahoo’s market value once exceeded $125 billion.

Yahoo entered Chinese mainland in 1998 and once occupied a considerable market share. According to iResearch- iResearch Market Consulting Report, in 2004, the market share of search traffic of China search engines was 33.1%, that of Yahoo! was 30.2%, and that of Google was 22.4%.

From 2000 to 2006, Yahoo occupied the first place in the global Internet company market value. However, with the rise of Google and others, Yahoo, whose empire was about to collapse in 2008, received an olive branch from Microsoft: it bought Yahoo at a premium of 60% to 45 billion US dollars, and Yahoo felt undervalued and refused; In 2017, Verizon, an American telecommunications company, acquired Yahoo’s core network business for US$ 4.48 billion, less than a quarter of Microsoft’s offer at that time. In 2019, Google bought Yahoo’s headquarters for $1 billion, and at the same time, Yahoo’s products began to withdraw from the China market.　

On May 4, 2021, Yahoo Q&A was completely closed. After that, visiting the website will directly jump to Yahoo’s homepage, and all the original content will disappear from the Internet. In November 2021, Yahoo China was officially closed; Today, Yahoo Mail completely stopped serving Chinese mainland.

(Titanium Media App Editor Wu Fengye Comprehensive national business daily and China Fund News)

Development Status of Artificial Intelligence AI Industry in China

　 　 　1. Development status of AI

　 　 With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence has gradually entered reality from science fiction. Since the concept of artificial intelligence was first put forward in 1956, the development of artificial intelligence has experienced ups and downs. With the breakthrough of core algorithms, the rapid improvement of computing power, and the support of massive Internet data, artificial intelligence finally ushered in a qualitative leap in the second decade of the 21st century, and became the focus of science and technology attracting worldwide attention.
　
　 　 For China, the development of artificial intelligence is a historic strategic opportunity, which is crucial to alleviate the pressure of population aging in the future, meet the challenges of sustainable development and promote the transformation and upgrading of economic structure. As the core driving force of the new round of industrial transformation and the strategic technology leading the future development, the state attaches great importance to the development of artificial intelligence industry. In 2017, the State Council released the "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan" to strategically deploy the artificial intelligence industry; In the government work reports in March 2018 and March 2019, it was emphasized that it is necessary to accelerate the development of emerging industries and promote research and development of artificial intelligence.app; applicationCultivate a new generation of information technology and other emerging industrial clusters to expand the digital economy.
　
　 　 Since the deep learning algorithm was put forward in 2006, the application of artificial intelligence technology has made a breakthrough. Since 2012, the explosive growth of data has provided sufficient "nourishment" for artificial intelligence, and deep learning algorithms have achieved breakthroughs in speech and visual recognition, making it possible for the artificial intelligence industry to land and commercialize.
　
　 　 2. Development layout of AI


　 　 On the whole, China’s artificial intelligence industry has formed a pattern of coordinated development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta region and Pearl River Delta region, especially in the eastern coastal areas. According to IDC’s Evaluation Report on the Development of Artificial Intelligence Computing Power in China in 2019-2020, the TOP5 cities in China’s list of artificial intelligence cities in 2019 are Beijing, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai and Guangzhou in turn.
　
　 　 Among them, Beijing has a relatively mature layout and a relatively complete industrial chain. In particular, Zhongguancun Science City and other institutions provide favorable policies, technologies and talents for the development of Beijing’s artificial intelligence industry. At present, the number of enterprises with artificial intelligence in Beijing ranks in the forefront of the country, about 300.
　
　 　 The number of artificial intelligence enterprises in Shanghai is less than that in Beijing, but it is also ahead of other provinces and cities. Shanghai plans to build an artificial intelligence highland and create a first-class artificial intelligence innovation ecology. At present, it has laid out a "human-shaped" spatial structure, which is distributed in 8 regions and 11 industries. In addition to Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places are also actively deployed, and artificial intelligence enterprises are more concentrated.
　
　 　 Guangdong’s scientific and technological innovation ability is also in a leading position, especially the planning and development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area attaches importance to the layout of artificial intelligence. Up to now, Guangdong Province has successfully identified two batches of 8 parks as "Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Industrial Park". In addition, relying on the important opportunities of national characteristic towns, thousands of enterprises and thousands of towns projects, the Pearl River Delta National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone and the Guangzhou-Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Corridor, Guangdong encourages local cities to speed up the application layout of artificial intelligence industry and build a number of artificial intelligence towns.
　
　 　 Hangzhou attaches great importance to the basic research of artificial intelligence. The "Xiangyun" DRMS system is the first data resource platform based on artificial intelligence in China. It is a full-volume, real-time "data warehouse" of Hangzhou’s urban data brain, which can provide functions such as real-time data collection, data Rubik’s cube and data governance, and creatively apply artificial intelligence to data exchange, sharing and opening. Driven by leading enterprises such as Alibaba, Netease, zhejiang dahua, Hikvision and Straight Flush, Hangzhou has formed a number of distinctive applications in smart cities, finance and other fields. In addition, Hangzhou actively builds an artificial intelligence industrial cluster, taking Hangzhou High-tech Industrial Development Zone and Hangzhou Chengxi Science and Technology Innovation Corridor as the core, optimizing the layout of the city’s artificial intelligence industrial structure and realizing orderly competition and dislocation development.
　
　 　 3. Market demand and scale of AI
　
　 　 China’s artificial intelligence industry focuses on diversified application scenarios. Under the guidance of China’s national conditions and market demand, it aims at the practical needs of intelligent transformation and upgrading in transportation, medical care, finance, security and other fields, and focuses on selecting one or several key areas for key layout, focusing on the whole life cycle of big data in the industry, and taking the lead in promoting commercialization by optimizing scene design. In recent years, the competitive situation of differentiation and regionalization has attracted a large number of emerging artificial intelligence enterprises in China, which has promoted the continuous outbreak of China’s industrial scale.
　
　 　 According to the statistics of Gaozhan think tank, the scale of China’s artificial intelligence industry reached 8.31 billion US dollars in 2018, and by 2019, the industrial scale exceeded 10 billion US dollars, reaching 10.55 billion US dollars. Among them, the industrial scale of AI basic layer, technology layer and application layer reached 1.99 billion US dollars, 3.06 billion US dollars and 5.5 billion US dollars respectively. Driven by policies and markets to accelerate the implementation of a new generation of artificial intelligence application scenarios, it is estimated that the industrial scale will approach 30 billion US dollars in 2022.
　
　 　 Chart: The scale of artificial intelligence industry in China from 2015 to 2019 (USD 100 million)
　 　 Source: Gaozhan think tank
　
　 　 4. Number of AI enterprises
　
　 　 According to the statistics of Gaozhan think tank, by the end of 2019, there were 779 artificial intelligence enterprises in China, accounting for 21.9% of the total number of artificial intelligence enterprises in the world, second only to the United States. In terms of the distribution of start-up time, the establishment time of artificial intelligence enterprises in China concentrated in 2010-2016, accounting for 67.3%, and reached its peak in 2015, and the number of enterprises established in 2016-2019 gradually declined.
　
　 　 Chart: Time distribution of artificial intelligence enterprises in China as of 2019.
　 　 Source: Gaozhan think tank
　
　 　 In terms of geographical distribution of enterprises, artificial intelligence enterprises in China are mainly concentrated in the three metropolitan areas of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, accounting for 44.8%, 28.7% and 16.9% respectively. Among the provinces and cities, artificial intelligence enterprises are mainly distributed in Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places, accounting for 88.4% of the total.
　
　 　 Chart: Regional distribution of artificial intelligence enterprises in China in 2019
　 　 Source: Gaozhan think tank
　
　 　 5. Market structure and market share of AI enterprises
　
　 　 The artificial intelligence application market mainly includes three aspects: computer vision application, speech semantic application and machine learning algorithm platform. Among them, computer vision application scenarios are rich and have great commercial value, and about 40% of artificial intelligence enterprises are concentrated in the field of visual artificial intelligence. According to the statistics of Gaozhan think tank, in 2019, the largest manufacturers in China’s artificial intelligence computer vision application field included Shangtang Technology, Defiance Technology, Yuncong Technology, Yitu Technology, Hikvision, Innovative Qizhi, Smart Eye Technology and Dahua Co., Ltd., accounting for 79.5% in total; The manufacturers occupying the largest market in the field of artificial intelligence speech semantic application include Iflytek, Tulsi and Xiao I.robot, Baidu Net News, Jietong Huasheng, Yunzhisheng, Shenzhou Taiyue, Alibaba Cloud and Spirits, accounting for 39.2% in total; The leaders of artificial intelligence algorithm learning platform include Fourth Paradigm, Alibaba Cloud, Baidu, Tencent Cloud, AWS and Microsoft. The main participants include Merrill Lynch Data, Jinshan Cloud, Jiuzhang Yunji, Intelligence Explorer, Xinghuan Technology, Xinhua III and Neusoft.
　
　 　 Chart: China artificial intelligence market pattern in 2019