Detection of violations and data fraud involve 38 vehicles with a total of over 5 million vehicles, which is the "manufacturing worry" behind the collective fraud of Japanese car companies.


Original title: Detection of violations and data fraud involving a total of 38 vehicles exceeding 5 million Japanese car companies "manufacturing worries"

Recently, a number of representative Japanese automobile manufacturing enterprises were collectively exposed to detect violations and data fraud. The picture shows that on June 3rd, in Tokyo, Japan, Mazda Motor Corporation held a press conference.
Photo courtesy of CFP

□ Our reporter Suning

Recently, a number of representative Japanese automobile manufacturing enterprises were collectively exposed to detect violations and data fraud, involving a total of 38 vehicles and over 5 million vehicles. Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has conducted on-site inspections on the headquarters of five car companies, namely Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Suzuki and Yamaha Engine, in accordance with the Road Transport Vehicle Law, in order to further investigate and confirm the facts of violation and falsification. At present, the above five car companies have admitted that there are violations and data fraud in the process of vehicle performance testing in order to obtain government vehicle certification.

A number of well-known Japanese car companies have collectively fallen into the "fake door" incident, especially Toyota, the industry leader, which has aroused widespread concern in Japanese public opinion. The outside world can’t help asking, where is the "Made in Japan" in the past?

Many well-known car companies admit fraud.

The five car companies involved in the fraud are various, and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan has conducted on-site inspections, and relevant punishment measures are already in the pipeline.

According to Japanese media reports, on the 3rd of this month, Toyota publicly admitted that in order to obtain the government certification required for vehicle mass production license, there were a variety of illegal and fraudulent behaviors in the process of vehicle performance testing, including tampering with data and false declaration. For example, when the engine output power of Lexus RX was tested in 2015, the computer control parameters were tampered with in order to make the results up to standard.

Toyota’s illegal fraud involves four models that have been discontinued and three models that are in production, with a total of 1.7 million vehicles from 2014 to April this year. After the incident was exposed, Toyota suspended the production of two production lines in Miyagi Prefecture and Iwate Prefecture on the 6th, with an annual output of 130,000 vehicles.

On the same day, Honda, Mazda and other four car companies also admitted to implementing various types of illegal fraud in mass production certification and testing. Among them, Mazda Company carried out some violations such as changing the control software when testing the engine output power in the certification test of five models; Suzuki company made a false record of the brake test results of one model; Yamaha engine has some problems in the test of three models, such as the noise test environment is not compliant; Honda’s violation test involves the most models, reaching 22 models.

The reason why many car companies concentrated on illegal fraud was exposed was that Toyota Loom and Daihatsu, a subsidiary of Toyota, exposed violations last year. In March last year, Toyota Loom was exposed that its engines for automobiles and construction machinery violated the rules in the certification and testing process, and the mass production certification was cancelled. In December last year, Daihatsu was found that all its models (28 models in total) in production and development were in violation of regulations during the certification and testing process, which led to the complete suspension of production of Daihatsu and triggered the Japanese administrative department to put forward self-inspection requirements for the entire automobile industry.

A week after the above-mentioned five car companies publicly admitted fraud, as of the 11th, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan had conducted on-site inspections on the headquarters of the above-mentioned five car companies to further investigate and confirm the facts of illegal fraud. Some Japanese media analysts pointed out that in the future, depending on the survey results, the possibility of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism taking administrative sanctions against the above-mentioned enterprises and requesting the implementation of recalls will not be ruled out.

"Made in Japan" is in deep crisis of reputation.

The reason why Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has carried out on-site inspections on car companies is that it is worried that "Made in Japan" will fall into a credibility crisis and hopes to maintain the international image of Japan’s automobile manufacturing industry.

According to Japanese media reports, Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism believes that Toyota’s illegal fraud is not only inconsistent with Japanese domestic standards, but also violates relevant international standards, and is not allowed even overseas. Some media even spoke bluntly, worrying about the spillover of this incident and affecting the reputation of "Made in Japan".

Japan’s "Yomiuri Shimbun" reported that Toyota’s violations in certification and testing not only violated Japanese national standards, but also violated the standards of 62 countries including Britain, Germany and South Korea, and may have an impact on Toyota’s mass production in North America.

Lin Fangzheng, Chief Cabinet Secretary of Japan, recently admitted that this incident not only shook the foundation of Japan’s automobile certification system, but also damaged the credibility of Japan’s automobile industry. The New York Times pointed out that for a long time, people thought that Japanese products had good quality, but this idea may have begun to change in the case of successive counterfeiting cases.

In fact, since Mitsubishi Motors tampered with the fuel economy test data in 2016, Japan has exposed the problem of illegal fraud in the automobile manufacturing industry almost every year, and companies such as Suzuki, Nissan, Subaru, Mazda and Yamaha engines have been investigated one after another. In 2021, Toyota, a leading Japanese car company, exposed the long-standing problem of illegal car inspection, and 10 responsible persons were transferred to the prosecution. In 2022, Hino Motors of Japan was confirmed to have the problem of engine performance test data fraud at least since 2003.

It is not limited to the automobile manufacturing industry. In recent years, from the use of inferior ammonium nitrate in Takada airbags to the tampering of product data in Kobe Steel, from Toray Co., Ltd. to the falsification of tire reinforcing agent quality data, to the falsification of Mitsubishi electric wire industry data, from Kawasaki Heavy Industries and mitsubishi electric quality inspection fraud, to Kobayashi Pharmaceutical’s problem with monascus causing health incidents, quality problems in other Japanese manufacturing industries are also common.

The causes behind the vicious circle are complicated.

As the pillar of Japan’s manufacturing industry, the automobile manufacturing industry provides employment for 5.5 million people, and its output value accounts for 20% of the total manufacturing output value. Whether it can effectively solve the reasons behind the quality problems in the future and restore the reputation of "Made in Japan" is very important to Japan’s economy.

After the incident, the car companies involved said that they would take improvement measures to avoid similar problems from happening again. At the shareholders’ meeting held on the 11th, Hiroichi Ito, president of Toyota Loom, said that he would push forward the reform in organizational structure and corporate atmosphere. However, some shareholders believe that if the problem of too tight construction period and too heavy production tasks is not alleviated, even the reform can not prevent the recurrence of the problem.

There are also voices crying out for Japanese car companies, arguing that Japan’s car certification system has problems such as outdated standards, formalism and lack of supervision. However, with the intensification of international competition, Japanese enterprises are generally faced with problems such as rising costs and falling profit margins. Under such circumstances, their spare capacity to maintain high quality standards is increasingly stretched.

Japanese media pointed out that in the fourth quarter of last year, Japan’s GDP growth rate barely turned positive, but in the first quarter of this year, Japan’s GDP fell by 0.5% month-on-month. Some analysts believe that the suspension of production of Daihatsu did have an impact on the Japanese economy. In response to the collective illegal fraud incident of Japanese car companies, Hiroshi Nakanishi, the chief analyst of Japan’s Sino-Western Automobile Industry Research Company, believes that the scale of production reduction of Toyota and Mazda is likely to reach 20,000 to 30,000 vehicles within two months; Sakai Caisuke, a senior economist at Mizuho Research and Technology Company, said that the pace of Japan’s economic recovery may slow down from May to June.

Some analysts pointed out that a vicious circle has been formed at present: quality scandals continue, enterprises have to stop production and rectify, and the entire automobile supply and marketing industry chain has been deeply affected, leading to poor economic data and even dragging down the Japanese economy; However, Japan’s weak economic recovery and declining international reputation have a longer-term negative impact on the development of Japanese enterprises. (Suning)

Central Bank: No compulsory collection of consumer financial information in disguise.

  On December 27th, the People’s Bank of China publicly solicited opinions on the Implementation Measures of the People’s Bank of China for the Protection of Financial Consumers’ Rights and Interests (Draft for Comment). The "Implementation Measures" specifically regulate the behavior norms of financial institutions, the protection of consumers’ financial information, and the settlement of financial consumption disputes.

  What should financial institutions do?

  Protection of consumers’ rights and interests should be included in the assessment.

  The "Implementation Measures" require that financial institutions should formulate the overall plan and specific work measures for the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests in their own institutions. Establish a full-time department or designate a lead department to protect the rights and interests of financial consumers, clarify the responsibilities of departments and personnel, and ensure that they have enough manpower and material resources to work independently.

  Financial institutions shall carry out special training on the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests at least once a year.

  When financial institutions carry out evaluation, they should take the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests as an important content, rationally allocate the proportion and weight of relevant indicators, comprehensively consider business compliance, customer satisfaction, timely complaint handling rate and qualified rate, and not simply take the number of complaints as the evaluation index.

  Relevant information shall be kept for at least three years after the termination of business relationship.

  The "Implementation Measures" stipulate that when financial institutions disclose information on financial products and services, they should use a way that is conducive to the reception and understanding of financial consumers. The rules for the collection and use of consumer financial information should be made public, and the purpose, method and scope of the collection and use of consumer financial information should be clearly stated. For important information related to the immediate interests of financial consumers, such as interest rates, fees, benefits and risks, key technical terms should be explained according to the complexity and risk level of financial products and services, and financial consumers should be confirmed to have received complete information in an appropriate way.

  When explaining important contents and disclosing risks to financial consumers, financial institutions shall keep relevant materials in accordance with laws, regulations and regulatory provisions, and the retention time shall not be less than three years from the date of termination of business relations. Where laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, such provisions shall prevail. The retained materials include but are not limited to: product or service agreement confirmed by financial consumers, and risk warning letter confirmed by financial consumers; Record audio and video recordings or system logs and other related data messages that explain important contents to financial consumers.

  What can’t financial institutions do?

  Shall not handle business on behalf of financial consumers without authorization.

  The Implementation Measures require that financial institutions should assess the suitability of financial products and services to financial consumers according to their characteristics, reasonably classify the risk levels of financial products and services and the risk tolerance levels of financial consumers, and provide appropriate financial products and services to appropriate financial consumers.

  Financial institutions shall ensure the property safety of financial consumers when purchasing and using financial products and services according to law, and shall not illegally misappropriate or occupy financial consumers’ funds and other financial assets.

  At the same time, we should respect the real wishes of financial consumers to buy financial products or services, and we should not arbitrarily act as agents for financial consumers to handle business, modify financial consumers’ business instructions, or force tying other products or services.

  There must be no format clause.

  Unfair and unreasonable regulations for consumers

  Many consumers usually sign the format clauses of financial institutions without reading them clearly. In order to prevent the infringement of consumers’ legitimate rights and interests, the Implementation Measures require that when financial institutions provide financial products or services to financial consumers, they should draw financial consumers’ attention to the contents of financial products or services that are of great interest to financial consumers, such as the quantity, interest rate, expenses, time limit and method of performance, precautions and risk warning, and explain them according to the requirements of financial consumers. If the standard terms are in electronic form, they should be identifiable and easy to obtain.

  At the same time, financial institutions shall not make provisions with the following five contents in the form of standard clauses, notices, statements, notices, etc.: (1) Reducing or exempting financial institutions from the liability for compensation for financial consumers’ property losses; (2) stipulating that financial consumers shall bear liquidated damages or damages exceeding the statutory limit; (3) Exclude or restrict the right of financial consumers to inquire, delete or modify their financial information according to law; (4) excluding or restricting the right of financial consumers to choose financial products or services provided by other financial institutions; (5) Other unfair and unreasonable provisions for financial consumers.

  The "Implementation Measures" require that financial institutions should promptly revise or clean up the format clauses and service agreement texts that infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of financial consumers.

  Promoting non-guaranteed products should not mislead people into believing that profits are guaranteed.

  The "Implementation Measures" require that financial institutions should be responsible for the authenticity of marketing propaganda content. The actual obligations of financial institutions shall not be lower than the standards promised to financial consumers in the form of advertisements, materials or explanations in marketing and publicity activities.

  Financial institutions shall not engage in the following five acts when conducting marketing and publicity activities: (1) false, fraudulent, concealed or misleading propaganda; (2) Exaggerated propaganda on performance or product income; (3) misleading financial consumers into thinking that the financial management department has provided a guarantee for the financial product or service by using the procedures of auditing or filing the financial product or service by the financial management department; (4) The marketing propaganda contents of non-guaranteed investment financial products mislead financial consumers into believing that the principal can be guaranteed to be safe or profitable; (five) other acts in violation of laws, regulations and regulatory provisions related to the protection of the rights and interests of financial consumers.

  Shall not be forced to collect consumer financial information in disguise.

  The Implementation Measures has a special chapter to regulate the protection of consumers’ financial information, including consumers’ personal identity information, property information, account information, credit information, financial transaction information and other information related to the purchase and use of financial products or services by specific consumers.

  According to the "Implementation Measures", financial institutions should follow the principles of legality, legitimacy and necessity in collecting and using consumer financial information, with the express consent of financial consumers. Financial institutions shall not collect consumer financial information unrelated to their business, nor shall they collect information in an improper way, nor shall they collect consumer financial information in a disguised form.

  Financial institutions shall not take the consent of financial consumers to the use of financial information for external provision as a prerequisite for establishing business relations with financial consumers, unless the nature of the business relationship requires prior consent.

  Where a financial institution obtains the consent of consumers for the collection and use of financial information through standard clauses, it shall specify the purpose, method, content and scope of use of the collection in the clauses, and remind financial consumers of the possible consequences of the consent in a conspicuous way as easily as possible.

  At the same time, financial institutions shall use consumer financial information in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations and the purposes agreed by both parties, and shall not use it beyond the scope.

  Can’t "throw the pot" to the outsourcing service provider

  The "Implementation Measures" stipulate that the obligation of financial institutions to protect consumers’ financial information security will not be transferred or reduced because of their cooperation with outsourcing service providers.

  Financial institutions shall fully review and evaluate the ability of outsourcing service providers to protect consumers’ financial information, clarify the responsibilities and confidentiality obligations of outsourcing service providers to protect consumers’ financial information in relevant agreements, and take necessary measures to supervise outsourcing service providers to perform the above responsibilities and obligations. After the termination of the cooperative relationship, the financial institution shall supervise the outsourcing service provider to destroy the consumer financial information obtained from the financial institution in time.

  Encourage financial institutions to transfer their financial information to other financial institutions designated by financial consumers on the premise of technical feasibility.

  What if something goes wrong?

  The "Implementation Measures" clarify that if there is a financial consumption dispute between financial consumers and financial institutions, they should first complain to the financial institutions. If a financial consumer does not accept the handling of complaints made by a financial institution, he may make a complaint through the branch of the People’s Bank of China where the financial institution has its domicile or where the business behavior takes place.

  After receiving complaints from financial consumers, the branches of the People’s Bank of China can answer whether to accept them on the spot, and should answer them on the spot; If you can’t answer on the spot, you should make a decision on whether to accept it within 7 working days from the date of receiving the complaint; If the complainant needs to make corrections to the complaint application, he shall make a decision on whether to accept it within 7 working days from the date of completion of the correction. For complaints that are not accepted, the complainant shall be informed of the reasons for not accepting them. For the complaints received, the complaint shall be transferred to the complained financial institution for handling or to the financial consumer dispute mediation organization to provide mediation services within 5 working days from the date of receiving the decision.

  The financial institution shall reply to the complainant within 15 working days from the date of receiving the complaint forwarded by the branch of the People’s Bank of China. If the situation is complicated, the handling period may be extended, and the complainant shall be informed of the reasons for the extension, but the longest handling period shall not exceed two months. (Reporter Cheng Wei)

Barrier-free environment construction: Let more people live with love.

  Recently, popular movies such as "Catch the Doll" and "Under the Alien" have been released. In addition to the version for the general audience, barrier-free versions have also been released. People with visual impairment can also go to the cinema to watch movies synchronously and enjoy the story by listening to special commentary tracks.

  On July 30th, Zhao Guang, deputy director of the Social Law Office of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Law Commission, was pleased that more and more people participated in the barrier-free environment construction at the media training seminar on "Integration into the Future" organized by China Women’s Newspaper (Network Information Communication Center of All-China Women’s Federation) and UNICEF China Office in Nanning, Guangxi. He said that since the implementation of the Law on the Construction of Barrier-free Environment in People’s Republic of China (PRC) in September 2023, people have paid more and more attention to the construction of barrier-free environment. The appearance of a large number of barrier-free films has enabled visually impaired people to enjoy the fun of watching movies equally, and many scenic spots have also opened barrier-free travel routes to facilitate the disabled and all those in need.

  People with disabilities are not the only ones who need barrier-free environment.

  Li Shirui, an official of the Children’s Protection Program of UNICEF China Office, introduced "accessibility" at the meeting: "Simply put, it is to eliminate obstacles that affect people’s equal and full participation in social life, such as adding subtitles to film and television works, graphic recognition function in mobile phones, vibration reminder function in silent mode, setting up barrier-free toilets, barrier-free parking spaces, etc."

  According to the data of China Disabled Persons’ Federation, there are more than 85 million disabled people in China. Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that there are more than 290 million elderly people aged 60 and over in China, accounting for 21.1% of the total population. "Many people’s disabilities are formed after old age. With the aging of the population, the demand for barrier-free environment construction for the disabled and the elderly in China is increasing." Li Yurui said.

  Li Shirui added that not only people with disabilities need barrier-free environment, but everyone will be the demander and beneficiary of barrier-free environment. When a person travels with a heavy suitcase, barrier-free ramps and elevators will bring convenience to him; when you receive an important voice message in a scene where it is not convenient to listen to voice, the voice-to-text function can provide barrier-free support.

  "In fact, everyone will have a disability experience in his life. Studies have shown that in countries with an average life expectancy of more than 70 years, everyone lives in a disabled state for an average of about 8 years or 11.5% of his life. " Li Shirui said, "Each of us is the beneficiary of barrier-free environment construction."

  It’s not just blind roads and barrier-free toilets.

  From "disability" to "disability" and then to "disability", this is a change in the appellation of disabled people in society, which embodies people’s concept innovation and social civilization progress. At the same time, the society’s understanding of "accessibility" is gradually deepening.

  Sun Jiling, an associate professor at Nanjing Teachers College of Special Education, introduced that the concept of accessibility in China has undergone four significant changes: the design concept has shifted from barrier-free design focusing on the needs of the disabled to universal design for the largest number; the beneficiary group has expanded from the disabled to all members of society; the goal orientation has shifted from eliminating environmental obstacles to improving people’s functions and abilities and ensuring equal rights and legitimate rights and interests; and the construction scope has expanded from the physical environment to a comprehensive environment, including information, products and services.

  Li Shirui shared a workshop on climate change held by UNICEF in Ningxia earlier. In order to facilitate visually impaired children to understand the concept that global climate change leads to iceberg melting and sea level rising, the staff put the building blocks representing land and the ice cubes representing glaciers into the pool. As the ice melts and the water level in the pool rises, visually impaired children feel the changes by touching and measuring with their hands, and feel the altitude difference of different places by touching the convex 3D map, so as to better understand the concepts related to climate change.

  "It is not just how many kilometers of blind roads are built and how many barrier-free toilets are set up. The construction of barrier-free environment should adhere to the system concept and comprehensively optimize the environment such as architecture, transportation, information exchange and services." Sun Jiling said that information channels such as government affairs, banks, study exams, mobile phones, and the Internet need to be barrier-free, as do cultural fields such as education, books, movies, TV dramas, and tourism, so that all members of society can share a better life equally.

  In Sun Jiling’s view, barrier-free environment construction is not a burden and cost, but an investment, which can promote economic growth, social integration and people’s all-round development. "Since everyone needs a barrier-free environment, building according to the standard as soon as possible will avoid unnecessary costs of subsequent renovation. In addition, a barrier-free environment will also increase the labor participation rate and social participation of people with disabilities and drive the development of related industries. " Sun Jiling said.

  Integration, not isolation

  "I found a bug hiding on a leaf. A small leaf can block the scorching sun for beetles. What can I do for others?" A 13-year-old disabled child took a photo of a bug enjoying the cool under a leaf in the photo exhibition of children and adolescents with the theme of "integration of the disabled" co-sponsored by China Association for the Promotion of the Press for the Disabled, UNICEF and China Association of Volunteers for the Disabled. In the accompanying article, the child wrote this passage.

  "Disabled people have the same love for life and the need to realize their own values and social values as non-disabled people. We should not treat people with disabilities with prejudice, and each of us is an equal member of society. " Li Shirui said that in an equal, integrated and shared social environment, everyone can participate in social life equally and fully and realize their potential.

  From fear, exclusion and even discrimination to acceptance, understanding and integration, society is making continuous progress. In recent years, China has actively legislated, implemented various policies, participated in international cooperation, promoted integrated education, and provided a barrier-free learning environment for disabled children; Marrakesh Treaty came into force for China, making it easier for people with visual impairment and other print reading disabilities to read published works …

  In 2022, the Law on Barrier-free Environment Construction in People’s Republic of China (PRC) was included in the legislative plan that year, drafted that year, and submitted for deliberation that year. In June 2023, the law was finally passed by a high vote after three trials and voting.

  Zhao Guang said: "Such a fast speed is rare, which fully shows that the state and society attach great importance to and support the construction of barrier-free environment."

  "Barrier-free environment construction is closely related to each of us. Formulating the law on the construction of barrier-free environment and strengthening the construction of barrier-free environment are not only conducive to better ensuring the equal and full participation of the disabled and the elderly in social production and life, safeguarding their personal dignity and improving their quality of life, but also conducive to promoting all members of society to share the fruits of economic and social development. This is an inevitable requirement for practicing the people-centered development thinking, which fully demonstrates the responsibility of the state and the warmth of society. " Zhao Guang said. (Reporter Xie Yang Intern Jiang Chang)

The CIRC answered a reporter’s question on the Guidelines for the Articles of Association of Insurance Companies.

  Cctv newsAccording to the website of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, recently, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission issued the Guidelines for the Articles of Association of Insurance Companies (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines). The person in charge of the relevant departments of the CIRC answered questions from reporters.

  1. What is the background of the promulgation of the Articles of Association Guidelines?

  The articles of association of an insurance company is an important legally binding document that regulates the organization and behavior of the company and stipulates the rights and obligations of the company and its shareholders, directors, supervisors and management, and is the institutional basis for regulating the corporate governance structure. The CIRC attaches great importance to the fundamental role of the articles of association in regulating corporate governance. In 2008, it issued the Opinions on Regulating the Articles of Association of Insurance Companies, which played an important guiding role in regulating the contents of the articles of association of insurance companies and clarifying the procedures for formulating and amending the articles of association. However, judging from the governance risk problems of some insurance companies in recent years, some basic systems of corporate governance still have weak links, especially the articles of association, which is the "basic law" of the company, are still incomplete and imperfect, leaving hidden risks for the operation of corporate governance. It is urgent to further standardize the formulation of articles of association, grasp the original institutional arrangements of corporate governance, and enhance the effectiveness of corporate governance.

  The purpose of formulating the Articles of Association Guidelines this time is to strengthen the supervision and guidance of insurance companies by standardizing the necessary provisions of the articles of association, provide a normative template for insurance companies to formulate articles of association on the basis of adhering to corporate autonomy, strengthen the structural foundation of insurance company governance, and further consolidate the long-term mechanism of risk prevention.

  2. What is the significance of the Articles of Association Guidelines for strengthening corporate governance supervision?

  The publication of the Guidelines for Articles of Association is another important measure taken by our association to prevent the source of corporate governance risks and consolidate the foundation of corporate governance structure, which is of great significance to further improve the corporate governance mechanism and enhance the effectiveness of corporate governance.

  First, it is conducive to resolving the hidden risks of corporate governance. From the practice of insurance company governance and typical risk cases, some companies’ articles of association are missing basic items, the authorization mechanism is unclear or excessive, general and long-term authorization, the replacement and replacement mechanism of the company’s key personnel is unclear, the nomination mechanism of directors is missing, and the "living will" is missing, which leaves hidden risks in the company’s governance operation and becomes an important source of corporate governance deadlock, insider control and imbalance of governance mechanism. The Articles of Association Guidelines standardize the necessary clauses of the articles of association of insurance companies, which is helpful to strengthen the structural foundation of corporate governance and prevent and resolve the hidden risks of corporate governance from the source.

  Second, it is conducive to strengthening the regulatory constraints of corporate governance. The Articles of Association Guidelines focus on the main risks of corporate governance operation and the outstanding problems in the formulation of articles of association. Based on laws and normative documents, taking public companies as standards, taking full account of the characteristics of the industry on the basis of adhering to corporate autonomy, it clarifies the necessary provisions of the articles of association of insurance companies. The Articles of Association Guidelines put forward clear requirements for the formulation of the articles of association of insurance companies, and also provided an institutional basis for the regulatory agencies to review the articles of association, which was helpful to promote the transformation of corporate governance supervision from "flexible guidance" to "rigid restraint" and further enhance the binding force of corporate governance supervision.

  Third, it is conducive to enriching corporate governance supervision tools. In recent years, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission has issued more than 20 measures for corporate governance supervision system. The Guidelines for Articles of Association are conducive to effectively combining the regulatory requirements with the articles of association of the company, prompting the company to clarify the main links of the governance mechanism in the form of articles of association, internalizing the regulatory requirements into the internal requirements of the company, giving full play to the role of the Basic Law and promoting more rigorous and standardized corporate governance. At the same time, the Guidelines for Articles of Association further enriched the exploration of corporate governance supervision and became an important starting point and an effective means to strengthen corporate governance supervision and prevent corporate governance risks.

  3. What are the main contents of the Guidelines for Articles of Association?

  The Guidelines for Articles of Association consists of 14 chapters and 82 articles, which improve the necessary clauses that insurance companies should include in formulating articles of association. In addition to the contents required by the Company Law and Opinions on Standardizing the Articles of Association of Insurance Companies, the main risk points in corporate governance operation are clearly defined.

  The first is about the rights and obligations of shareholders. In addition to the basic rights enjoyed by shareholders, the Guidelines for the Articles of Association require the company to clarify that shareholders have the right to nominate directors and supervisors in accordance with laws, regulations and regulatory provisions, and set out specific nomination rules; It is clear that shareholders have the right to directly report to the CIRC when directors, supervisors and senior managers violate laws and regulations and cause losses to the company or damage the interests of shareholders. In addition to the basic obligations that shareholders should bear, it is clear that shareholders should take and cooperate with the regulatory authorities to take measures when the company’s solvency is insufficient, risk events or major violations occur; Clearly require that the pledge of shareholders shall not harm the interests of other shareholders and the company, and shall not stipulate that the pledgee or its related parties shall exercise the voting rights; It puts forward clear requirements for timely reporting of major changes in shareholders themselves and related relationships with other shareholders. At the same time, the fiduciary duty of the controlling shareholder is also required to be regulated in the articles of association.

  The second is about the authorization mechanism. The Guidelines for Articles of Association respectively refine the specific functions and powers of the shareholders’ meeting and the board of directors, and authorize the company to formulate the functions and powers of the general manager according to the situation. For major foreign investment, major asset purchase, disposal and write-off of major assets that need to be reviewed and approved by the shareholders’ meeting, and related matters that need to be reviewed and approved by the board of directors within the scope authorized by the shareholders’ meeting, it is required to specify the specific quota ratio or specific content scope in the articles of association. At the same time, it is clear that the statutory authority of the shareholders’ meeting shall not be exercised by the board of directors or other institutions or individuals through authorization, and the statutory authority of the board of directors shall not be granted to the chairman or other individuals in principle. If necessary, it shall be authorized on a case-by-case basis.

  The third is about the voting resolution mechanism. The Articles of Association Guidelines specify the specific matters that need to be passed by ordinary resolutions or special resolutions at the shareholders’ meeting, the avoidance principle and voting rules of related shareholders when the shareholders’ meeting and the board of directors consider related transactions, and the voting rules for the election of directors and supervisors at the shareholders’ meeting. It is stipulated that when considering related party transactions, related directors shall not exercise voting rights, nor shall they exercise voting rights on behalf of other directors. Related shareholders shall not participate in voting, and the number of shares with voting rights they represent shall not be counted in the total number of valid votes. It is clear that if the company has a single shareholder (related shareholders or concerted parties) holding more than 50%, the cumulative voting system shall be implemented when electing directors and supervisors. Regarding the voting rules of the board of directors and the board of supervisors, the company is also required to stipulate them in the articles of association in accordance with relevant regulatory provisions.

  The fourth is about independent directors and the board of supervisors. The Guidelines for Articles of Association require the company to specify the nomination method, duties and rights, dereliction of duty and corresponding punishment measures of independent directors in the articles of association. The company is required to specify in its articles of association that independent directors should review the fairness of major related party transactions, the implementation of internal review procedures and the impact on the rights and interests of the insured, and submit to the board of directors special powers such as convening an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders, proposing to convene the board of directors, and independently hiring external audit institutions and consulting institutions. It is stipulated that independent directors should express their opinions on special matters, and if they abstain or vote against related matters, or think that there are obstacles to expressing their opinions, they should submit written opinions to the company and report to the CIRC. The "Guidelines for Articles of Association" put forward requirements for the relevant duties, rights and obligations of supervisors and board of supervisors, and required the company to regulate them in the articles of association.

  The fifth is about special matters of corporate governance. The Guidelines for Articles of Association require the company to specify the replacement and replacement mechanism of the main responsible persons such as the chairman and general manager in the articles of association to ensure that key positions and key personnel perform their duties in place. The company is required to conclude a "living will", and in the articles of association, the situation of corporate governance mechanism failure, the corrective measures that the company can take and the procedures for applying for supervision and guidance from the CIRC when the internal corrective procedures cannot solve the problem are listed in advance. It stipulates that the company, shareholders who individually or collectively hold more than one third of the company’s shares, and more than half of the directors have the right to apply to the CIRC for supervision and guidance of the company. At the same time, from the perspective of solvency supervision, the company is required to stipulate the terms promised by shareholders in the articles of association under certain circumstances. In the case of insufficient solvency of the company or the order of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission to increase capital, shareholders who cannot or do not increase capital should agree with other shareholders or investors to adopt reasonable plans to increase capital.

  4. What is the scope of application of the Articles of Association Guidelines?

  Considering the different organizational forms of insurance companies, there are great differences in corporate governance structure and operation. Therefore, the Articles of Association Guidelines are standardized with the articles of association of joint-stock insurance companies as the version, and the scope of application is joint-stock insurance group (holding) companies, insurance companies and insurance asset management companies, and other organizational forms of companies refer to it. Listed insurance companies should also comply with the relevant provisions of the China Securities Regulatory Commission on the articles of association of listed companies.

  V. What are the next steps after the promulgation of the Guidelines for Articles of Association?

  The publication of the Articles of Association Guidelines is of great significance to guide insurance companies to establish a healthy corporate governance structure and form a good corporate governance operation mechanism, and is an important measure to further strengthen the supervision of insurance companies’ governance. In the next step, around the promulgation of the Articles of Association Guidelines, we will focus on the following tasks: First, we will require the company to formulate or modify its articles of association in accordance with the requirements of the Articles of Association Guidelines. For those who apply for the preparation and opening acceptance of an insurance company, the draft articles of association shall be drafted or revised according to the requirements of the Articles of Association Guidelines, and other insurance companies shall make corresponding amendments to the articles of association before the end of 2017. Second, the company is required to explain the contents of the Articles of Association Guidelines. Under the premise of not violating the laws and regulations and the requirements of the Guidelines for Articles of Association, insurance companies are allowed to add contents to the Articles of Association or make changes in words or order to the contents stipulated in the Guidelines for Articles of Association, but the added or modified contents should be explained. Third, based on the Guidelines for Articles of Association, the examination and approval of articles of association of insurance companies will be carried out, and the compliance with articles of association will be taken as the starting point to effectively improve the compliance and effectiveness of insurance company governance.

The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue an orange warning of blizzard at 18: 00 on November 5.

  CCTV News:According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, it is estimated that from 20: 00 on November 5 to 20: 00 on November 6, there will be heavy snowstorms in parts of southeastern Inner Mongolia, eastern and southern Heilongjiang, central and western Jilin, and central and western Liaoning. Among them, there are heavy blizzards in southeastern Inner Mongolia, eastern and southern Heilongjiang, northwestern Jilin and other places, with local heavy blizzards (30 ~ 42 mm); There are freezing rains in central and eastern Heilongjiang and central and northern Jilin. The depth of newly added snow in some areas above is 10 ~ 25cm, and the local area can reach more than 30cm.

  It is estimated that from 20: 00 on November 6 to 20: 00 on November 7, there will be heavy blizzards in parts of eastern Heilongjiang and northeastern Jilin, including local blizzards (20 ~ 25mm) in northeastern Heilongjiang. The depth of newly added snow in some areas above is 5-15cm, and the local area can reach more than 20cm.

  Defense guide:

  1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in the emergency work of snow disaster prevention and freezing injury prevention;

  2 transportation, railway, electric power, communications and other departments should strengthen the inspection and maintenance of roads, railways and lines, and do a good job in road cleaning and snow melting;

  3. Reduce unnecessary outdoor activities;

  4. Reinforce temporary structures that are easily crushed by snow, such as scaffolding, and drive outdoor livestock into the shed to feed.

Efficient supervision, convenient customs clearance, system innovation, national customs-guarding the country and stabilizing foreign trade to serve the overall situation of economic and social develo

On March 20th, the State Council Office held the 11th press conference on the theme of "Opening by Authoritative Authorities" to introduce the situation of "guarding the country, promoting development and contributing to the Chinese modernization".

Scientific supervision to ensure the safe and orderly import and export of goods

"Scientific supervision according to law, using high-tech means such as big data and intelligent map review, improve the efficiency of port inspection and taxation, and ensure the safe and orderly import and export of goods." Yu Jianhua, director of the General Administration of Customs, said.

In 2022, China’s total foreign trade value exceeded 42 trillion yuan. The national customs supervised the import and export freight volume of 4.8 billion tons, 13 million freighters, planes, trains and other means of transport (racks and ships), and supervised 320 million pieces of cross-border postal express mail. At present, there are 1.85 million import and export enterprises registered with the customs, which is three times that of 10 years ago. In 2022, the national customs intercepted 580,000 species of harmful organisms, supervised the import and export of 590 million tons of dangerous chemicals, returned and destroyed 2,900 batches of unqualified food and cosmetics, and seized 1.2 million pieces of contraband and 2.8 tons of drugs.

Yu Jianhua said that due to the large scale of trade, various forms of trade, high regulatory requirements and high security pressure, the national customs is driven by reform and technology to vigorously promote the construction of smart customs. Realize the digitalization, automation and intelligence of customs clearance and management, and continuously improve the supervision efficiency; Strengthen the three defense lines of "overseas, port and domestic", build a "response, echo and response" customs operation mechanism, and build an all-round and full-chain supervision system.

Combating smuggling is an important function of customs. In recent years, the General Administration of Customs, together with the public security, marine police and other departments, organized a joint action of "going abroad with a sword" to severely crack down on the smuggling of key commodities, key channels and key areas. In the past five years, 20,000 cases of smuggling crimes have been investigated, with a case value of more than 500 billion yuan.

This year, the national customs will continue to crack down on smuggling. The first is to strengthen special smuggling. Carry out joint special operations to crack down on the smuggling of refined oil, foreign garbage, guns and drugs. The second is to strengthen comprehensive supervision. Give full play to the comprehensive functions of customs port supervision, inspection and quarantine, inspection, etc., and weave a solid three-dimensional anti-smuggling prevention and control network. The third is to strengthen comprehensive management. Further promote local governments to implement the main responsibility of comprehensive anti-smuggling management, and cooperate with law enforcement departments such as public security and marine police to form anti-smuggling joint forces.

Take measures to promote the stability and quality of foreign trade.

In 2022, the General Administration of Customs successively issued 23 measures to help enterprises out of difficulties, and local customs refined them into more than 1,300 specific measures according to local conditions. These measures were welcomed by business entities and achieved the expected results. In December 2022, the overall customs clearance time for imports and exports nationwide was reduced by 67% and 92% respectively compared with 2017.

"Take measures to ensure the stability and quality of foreign trade, continuously optimize the port business environment, make cross-border trade more convenient, and greatly reduce the overall customs clearance time for import and export." Yu Jianhua introduced.

At present, the national customs is evaluating 23 support measures, and on this basis, it is studying new policy measures aimed at the pain points, difficulties and blocking points of enterprises. First, smooth import and export logistics. Promote the construction of smart customs, support the construction of smart ports and smart borders, speed up efficiency through scientific and technological means, and promote the convenience of cross-border logistics. The second is to optimize the port business environment. We will further promote the construction of a "single window" for international trade and provide enterprises with "one-stop" services for customs clearance. The third is to reduce the cost of enterprises. Help enterprises to make full use of tariff preferences of free trade agreements such as RCEP and reduce the cost of import and export links. The fourth is to support the development of new formats. Innovate the customs supervision mode of cross-border e-commerce to achieve precise supervision and rapid customs clearance. Support the development of new formats such as market procurement trade and bonded maintenance.

"We will carry out in-depth investigation and study, enter the enterprise, enter the airport terminal, face the needs of enterprises, solve difficult problems and solve new problems, and go all out to promote the stability and quality of foreign trade." Yu Jianhua said.

Zhao Zenglian, member of the Party Committee and director of the General Office of the General Administration of Customs, said that in the next step, the national customs will continue to optimize port facilities, build service platforms, promote internal and external connectivity, strengthen international cooperation and improve customs clearance efficiency. We will continue to deepen the pilot reform of customs clearance facilitation, such as "direct pick-up by ship", "direct loading in Hong Kong" and "combined port". Guide all localities to announce the customs clearance process and the operation time limit of the main links in combination with the actual situation, so as to stabilize the customs clearance time within a reasonable range and provide relatively stable customs clearance expectations for the majority of enterprises.

Try first, serve the high level and open to the outside world

Cross-border e-commerce from scratch has become a new kinetic energy for China’s foreign trade development and a new starting point for high-quality development. In the past five years, cross-border e-commerce has increased from 1 trillion yuan in 2018 to 2.11 trillion yuan in 2022. At present, 165 cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zones have been established nationwide, covering 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.

In view of the development trend and characteristics of cross-border e-commerce, Sun Yuning, deputy director of the General Administration of Customs, said that the customs will "work hard" on strong supervision and use intelligent verification means to prevent cross-border e-commerce smuggling by verifying the authenticity of customs declaration documents; In terms of excellent service, we will support cross-border e-commerce enterprises to pay taxes electronically, facilitate online processing for enterprises, optimize the overseas warehouse declaration process, and serve enterprises to further expand exports.

Sun Yuning said that with the reform and opening up, special customs supervision areas came into being. Last year, the total import and export value of special customs supervision areas reached 8.4 trillion yuan, accounting for 20% of China’s total foreign trade value. At present, there are 167 special customs supervision areas, including 156 comprehensive bonded areas, accounting for 93.4%, covering 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. The national customs will speed up the introduction of reform measures to promote the high-quality development of the comprehensive bonded zone and promote the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade.

In 2022, the total foreign trade value of nine cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Hong Kong and Macao together reached 2.5 trillion US dollars, accounting for 5% of the global trade volume. In supporting the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Yu Jianhua said that the Customs will work closely with relevant parties to strengthen the "hard connectivity" of facilities and the "soft connectivity" of cooperation. The first is to grasp the platform construction. Increase the intensity of the Hengqin Cooperation Zone, and promote the implementation of "first-line liberalization and second-line management". Support the innovation of customs supervision system in Qianhai Cooperation Zone and serve the construction of Nansha International Shipping Logistics Hub. The second is to facilitate customs clearance. Strengthen mutual recognition of customs supervision in the three places. Facilitate personnel exchanges and the flow of goods. The third is strong law enforcement cooperation. Work together to maintain a good development environment in Greater Bay Area.

"First-in-first-trial services will be opened to the outside world at a high level, and the innovation of customs supervision system in Hainan Free Trade Port, Pilot Free Trade Zone, Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone and Comprehensive Bonded Zone will be promoted." Yu Jianhua said. (Reporter Du Haitao)

Confucius in ancient times and Zhu Xi in recent times: Zhu Xi in the traditional culture craze

[Editor’s note]

Zhu Jieren, the 29th descendant of Zhu Xi, is a tenured professor at the Institute of Ancient Books of East China Normal University, and concurrently holds the post of President of Shanghai Confucianism Research Association. He was the president of East China Normal University Press. He has been engaged in the study of China’s classical philology, Confucian classics and Zhuzi for a long time. He is the editor-in-chief of Zhuzi Quanshu, Zhuzi Quanshu External Compilation, Zhuzi’s Works in Song Dynasty and Zhuzi’s Works in Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

On April 20th, Professor Zhu gave a special lecture entitled "Zhu Xi in the traditional culture" in the store of Wukang Building, Dayin Bookstore. He used Zhu Xi’s famous sentences and two portraits as a wedge to reveal Zhu Xi’s multiple identities. At the same time, it is pointed out that Zhu Xi’s greatest historical contribution lies in his being a master of orthodoxy who keeps pace with Confucius. By simplifying and post-classicalizing Confucian classics, establishing a conscious philosophy system, reconstructing a complete system of Confucian etiquette system, supplementing Confucian cosmology and theory of mind, and creating a self-contained discourse system, Zhu Zi completed the great cause of transforming Confucianism and constructing Neo-Confucianism. In view of this, it is of great significance to pay attention to and study Zhu Xi’s studies in the tide of traditional cultural fever. The Paper was authorized by the organizer East China Normal University Press to release the lecture contents.

For the source of living water: Zhu Xi’s philosophical poems

As far as the academic circle is concerned, after the reform and opening up, Zhu Xi’s study became hot and became a prominent study all over the world. But unfortunately, among the general public, I don’t know anything about Zhu Xi at all. I call him Zhu Zi here, because he is my ancestor, and I can’t call him by his first name. This is the culture of Chinese. But I know that when I talk about Zhu Xi, many people don’t know who he is. Even when I talk about Zhu Xi, many people don’t know who he is. This is a great contrast between the academic circles and the people. I want to shorten this contrast through my lecture today, so that everyone can understand Zhu Xi and how important his position is in China traditional culture, and make everyone interested in reading some Zhu Xi’s books. I think my goal has been achieved.

On April 1st, People’s Daily had a very important signed article entitled "Come for Living Water with a Source". This sentence came from Zhu Xi’s "Feeling from Reading Books". This poem is very famous and consists of two poems. The first one is "Half an acre of square pond is opened, and the sky and clouds wander together. How can the canal be so clear?" Because there is a source of living water. " The second song is "last night, the river was full of spring water, and the huge ship was light." It’s always been a waste of time, and it’s a free day. " Everyone must think that this is a poem describing the scenery, describing a pond and describing the scene of spring water rising. In fact, this poem came into being because Zhu Xi made a great breakthrough in theory when he was carrying out philosophical thinking and theoretical exploration. He suddenly solved this theoretical problem, so he was very happy and wrote these two poems. The first song tells us why he can break through. Because when he is studying this problem, he always feels that he can’t go on. Later, he listened to what the teacher told him, sat down quietly and honestly to read the works of "Er Cheng" from the beginning again. After reading it, he felt that the source was flowing, and he understood and read it clearly, and the problem was solved. What is the next song about? He said that when I didn’t solve this problem, like a boat stranded in the river, I couldn’t push the boat, but once the source of living water came, like spring water on the river, the boat naturally floated up. Don’t push it, it can swim freely in the middle stream.

So this is not a poem about scenery, but a philosophical poem. Give another song: "Last night, when the boat was raining, how was the stormy night over the river?" Look at the test paper alone today? There are still many green mountains and green waters. " This is Zhu Xi’s "Two Sailing in Shuikou". What does this first song tell us? That is to say, there was a lot of wind and waves last night, so I couldn’t sail. I had to stop and it was stormy all night. But today, when I walked out of the cabin, I still saw green mountains and trees. The wind and rain will always pass, and after the wind and rain, it will be green mountains and green waters.

There is another poem that most people may not know, but I have a special liking for it. I think reading this poem will teach us how to treat these setbacks when we encounter difficulties. "There is spring everywhere in the world". There is no place in this world without spring. Don’t look at the world so terrible and dark. "Has the road ever been sleepy?" Which road in the world is to trap people? There’s a way to get through. "If you are tired of this, you don’t know where to live." Where else can you find a place to live?

Zhu Xi is a poet, and my evaluation of his philosophical poems is unprecedented. So far, I haven’t seen the second person’s philosophical poems written better than Zhu Xi’s. He speaks truth, but he doesn’t preach a word. He naturally reveals the truth completely in writing scenery and feelings. This is Zhu Xi’s brilliant place.

The posture of elk and the nature of the forest: a portrait of Zhu Xi

Although Zhu Zi is a poet, he is mainly a philosopher, thinker, philosopher, educator and scholar. The so-called scholar, China’s Confucian classics, knows everything, including astronomy and geography. He is also a calligrapher. His calligraphy has a very unique style. He is also a musician, who plays the guqin well and can compose music. At the same time, he is also a painter and a natural scientist. He has made many discoveries in natural science. For example, he was the first person to find fossils in the world, as stated in Joseph Needham’s History of Science and Technology in China. Hu Shi said that Zhu Xi discovered fossils 500 years earlier than western scientists. In addition, according to Korean scholars’ research, double-cropping rice was also planted by Zhu Xi for the first time. Zhu Xi also has his own algorithm for Pythagorean theorem. He is a very powerful person.

This is Zhu Xi’s own painting of himself, which is called portrait in the mirror. This is Zhu Xi’s image. There are about hundreds of images handed down by Zhu Xi now, but none of them are related to him. Zhu Xi has a definition of himself. In those days, there was a painter named Guo Gongchen, who was a famous painter and made two paintings for Zhu Xi. Zhu Xi praised him very much, so Zhu Xi wrote two articles, which means that painting is either similar in spirit or similar in shape, and there are too few painters who can do both. But Guo Gongchen’s painting was done. He drew two small figures for me, and drew my graceful posture of elk and the nature of the forest. He drew my spiritual temperament. What is my spiritual temperament? Elk is the elk and deer in the wild. The nature of the forest is that I am a savage in the mountains, a folk, like elk and deer scattered in nature.

Confucius in ancient times and Zhuzi in recent times: Zhuzi’s contribution to China culture.

Next, I will talk about Zhu Xi’s contribution to China culture. Intellectuals in the Song Dynasty are very different from those in previous dynasties. They have a very strong sense of cultural consciousness, which is based on their confidence in their own traditions, mainly Confucian traditions. The Song Dynasty was founded after the chaos in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, when Zhao Kuangyin unified the whole country. During such a long historical period, the Confucian tradition was destroyed, and Buddhism took advantage of it and quickly occupied Chinese’s ideological and spiritual position. This situation has just contributed to some responsible intellectuals in the Song Dynasty. They want to come out to defend and preach the Confucian way, and they have such a sense of mission. Judging from several cultural movements in the Northern Song Dynasty, we all have something to do with such a sense of mission. It was not until the Northern Song Dynasty that the "Five Sons of the Northern Song Dynasty" appeared, including Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, but it was Zhu Zi who really completed the transformation of Confucianism and the construction of Neo-Confucianism. Qian Mu had such an evaluation of Zhu Xi’s contribution in history. He said that in the history of China, there were Confucius in ancient times and Zhuzi in recent times. These two men made a great sound and light in the history of academic thought in China and the history of culture in China, leaving a great influence. Looking at the whole history of China, it can be said that no third person can compare with them. Because Confucius is the culmination of ancient academic thoughts and initiated Confucianism, he is the pioneer. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Neo-Confucianism rose, and in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi rose, which not only summed up Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, but also all the academic works below Confucius.These two people, both of them can absorb the crowd flow and return to one trend. It was only after Zhuzi and Confucius that Confucianism got a new upgrade and gave full play to its new spirit.

Mr. Qian Mu further said, what is the main historical mission of Confucianism from the Confucius era to modern Confucianism? It is to cultivate one’s morality, keep one’s family in order, govern the country and level the world, which is the problem to be solved by Confucianism. However, they paid little attention to the original nature. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, Zhuang Laodao’s family flourished and Buddhism was introduced. They seemed to surpass Confucianism in these two aspects. In addition, regarding cosmology, Confucianism has not been solved. The second is about the theory of mind and nature, especially after the prevalence of Zen in the Tang Dynasty. Everyone has to look for answers to questions about life in Buddhism, and Confucianism has not provided answers for everyone. What is the origin of the universe and the origin of human nature? These two very important questions have not been solved by Confucianism. Confucius said, "If you don’t know how to live, you will know how to die." He also said, "I don’t talk about Machamp." He didn’t study this problem. But everyone will face death. If this problem is not solved, he can’t find a final destination. But Buddhism came in, and he told you that people are reincarnated, there is heaven and there is hell, so Buddhism soon occupied China’s ideological position.

Therefore, Qian Mu said that the study of the two origins-the origin of the universe and the origin of human nature, because of the lack of explanation by primitive Confucianism, left room for religion and foreign culture to block Confucianism and occupy local culture. Zhu Ziji’s masterpiece of Confucianism, the masterpiece of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty and the masterpiece of advanced culture in the times, has built a brand-new theoretical system of Neo-Confucianism, which has responded well to the challenges of the times and given Confucianism new vitality.

In the era of Zhu Xi, the biggest challenge facing Confucianism was Buddhism. As a foreign culture, Buddhism was Confucianism after the transformation of intellectuals in China in Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties, and it was basically localized in the Song Dynasty. It is precisely because of the success of the localization transformation of Buddhism that its spread is even more powerful, and it has captured almost all fields of Confucianism. We look at the Five Scholars in Northern Song Dynasty. Except for "Er Cheng", the academic thoughts of the other three scholars are all mixed with Buddhist thoughts. Under such a social ideological trend, it takes great courage and ability to defend the purity of Confucianism and innovate its theory.

Zhu Xi first constructed the theory of "orthodoxy", and the so-called "orthodoxy" refers to the Confucian thought and spiritual and cultural traditions. Recognizing "orthodoxy" means acknowledging one’s own cultural tradition, which is a kind of cultural self-confidence. Inheriting "orthodoxy" means inheriting one’s own cultural tradition, which is a kind of cultural consciousness. Cultural self-confidence and cultural consciousness are the core of Zhu Xi’s theory of "orthodoxy". The significance of Zhu Zi’s orthodoxy lies not only in his use of this concept to refer to the Confucian tradition; More importantly, he successfully constructed a pedigree of Confucian inheritance. The successful construction of this pedigree ensures the independence and purity of Confucianism, and excludes the erosion and interference of Buddhism, Taoism and other religions on Confucianism. The direct opposite of orthodoxy is the invasion of heterogeneous culture and the blocking of local culture.

Because of Zhu Xi’s successful transformation and reconstruction of Confucianism, Confucianism has been able to break a new path surrounded by Buddhism and Taoism and continue to be passed down for more than 800 years until today. Why do I say Zhu Xi in traditional culture? Because I want to tell you that the Confucianism we are talking about today is not the original Confucianism of Confucius, but the Confucianism after Zhu Xi’s reinterpretation and transformation.

Simplification and post-classicalization of classics: how Zhu Xi transformed Confucianism

How did Zhu Xi transform Confucianism? I think the first thing he did was to reform the cumbersome and complicated disadvantages of Confucianism and do a classic simplification and post-classicalization work. Why did China’s Confucianism gradually become marginalized? Occupied by Buddhism? In addition to the power of Buddhism itself, there is another reason, that is, our Confucianism itself has problems. Everyone knows the Annotations to Thirteen Classics, which is so thick that you can’t finish reading it all your life. It’s too complicated. Therefore, Zhu Zi made a simplification and simplified it into "Four Books", "University", "The Analects of Confucius", "Mencius" and "The Doctrine of the Mean". In 1182, he annotated these four books, and then published them as "Notes on Four Books", which even became the basic textbook and standard answer of the imperial examination after the Yuan Dynasty. There is also a book "The Records of Recent Thoughts", which is an introductory reading of Neo-Confucianism. This book is highly valued by Zhu Zi, because he thinks that the "Four Books" are the steps to enter the "Five Classics", and how to enter the "Four Books"? By reading the recent thoughts. Therefore, he said that I compiled this book just to provide a reader for people who have no conditions at home, or who don’t have good teachers in the countryside and don’t know how to study Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism. You will probably enter the threshold of Neo-Confucianism after reading Recent Thoughts, and these two books will become new classics of Confucianism. This is the first, he simplified the classics.

Secondly, it constructs a conscious philosophical system. Mr. Chen Lai, the president of Tsinghua University National University, wrote A Study of Zhu Xi’s Philosophy, and he summarized Zhu Xi’s philosophy into the theory of regulating qi, the theory of mind and nature, and the theory of understanding things. Chen Lai didn’t talk about ontology, theory of human nature, epistemology and so on according to the discussion of western philosophy, but Mr. Chen Lai’s three theories completely covered all categories of western philosophy. Therefore, Zhu Xi’s philosophy is completely independent, and there is no way to frame it with western philosophy and systems. Conversely, western philosophy cannot cover Zhu Xi’s philosophy, and his philosophy also includes his social philosophy, educational philosophy, historical philosophy and artistic philosophy, which can be described as profound.

Thirdly, Zhu Xi rebuilt a complete and systematic Confucian etiquette system, which is very important. This ceremony should not be simply understood as a polite ceremony. Ceremony is a unique cultural phenomenon in Chinese. Chinese values ceremony, follows ceremony and respects ceremony. However, from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, due to frequent wars, the ceremony was seriously damaged. Song established a set of ritual system, but after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, by the Southern Song Dynasty, ritual was almost lost. Therefore, Zhu Xi began to study ancient rituals and re-established a complete set of rituals for the country, from the national rituals to the local rituals of each county and state, to the rituals of the common people.

There is an old saying in China that courtesy is no less than that of Shu Ren, that is, courtesy only applies to people above the literati class. So does it mean that the scholar-officials are polite, but ordinary people can not be polite? No, it just doesn’t need to be so particular. Because the ritual system in China is very complicated, you should have at least the economic ability to speak about the ritual system, at least the ancestral temple, tools and clothes for sacrifice, etc., so for the people, because the productivity level was very low at that time, the people’s economic ability could not do these things, so they didn’t ask for such things. But it was different in the Song Dynasty. With the social and economic development in the Song Dynasty, the people already had such economic ability, so Zhu Xi also established a ceremony for the people. He wrote a book called "Family Ceremony".

Fourthly, Zhu Xi filled the gap between cosmology and mind theory for Confucianism. Confucius’ Confucianism focuses on self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and calming the world. He has not had time to integrate his theory into the study of the origin of the universe and human nature. Confucianism after Confucius, such as Mencius, has already involved the theory of mind and nature, but it has not formed a systematic and complete theory. At this time, in response to the challenge of Buddhism, Zhu Xi actively and comprehensively responded to these two original problems, and built a self-contained theory of Taiji, Qi and Mind, which filled the two shortcomings of primitive Confucianism. This is the most important theoretical innovation in the history of Confucianism.

Fifth, Zhu Xi constructed a discourse system, which is an important manifestation of cultural self-confidence and cultural consciousness. If a nation, a country, an academic and a set of theories do not have an independent and systematic discourse system, it indicates that they are not mature. The Chinese nation has had its own discourse system since ancient times, and China Confucianism has formed its own discourse system in the long-term development and dissemination process. However, after the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the influence of Buddhism and Taoism, the discourse system of Confucianism was seriously eroded. More importantly, due to the invasion of Buddhism, problems in many fields have gone beyond the original scope of primitive Confucianism, and the discourse system of Confucianism has gradually shown an embarrassing state, and there is no way to discuss it with Buddhism. Zhu Xi has effectively established a brand-new discourse system that can cope with new problems and challenges. For example, he said infinite Tai Chi, different principles, the nature of destiny, the nature of temperament, the respect for poor principles, the understanding of things and so on. Zhu Xi’s discourse system covered all aspects of philosophy, scholarship, life, society, politics and life at that time, which made it possible for Confucianism to meet various challenges and created conditions for the further development and research of Confucianism.

To this day, the discourse system he founded is still a challenge for us to deal with western academics, including western philosophy, politics, psychology and pedagogy. I work and teach in a university. I know that the discourse system in the university is completely western now, and pedagogy is also completely western, not to mention psychology, and so is political science. However, I think that the discourse system created by Zhu Xi can completely meet the challenge of the western discourse system and talk to the west on an equal footing. "Philosophy" itself is a foreign word, borrowed from Japan. We have Neo-Confucianism and Confucianism in China, and its connotation can’t be fully covered by western philosophy. Therefore, it is of great significance to activate and develop the discourse system of Neo-Confucianism formed since Zhu Xi’s time to spread Confucianism internationally and enhance Chinese’s cultural self-confidence and consciousness.

Zhu Zi is a master. He not only integrates the achievements of Confucianism, but also absorbs and transforms the advanced connotations and elements in Buddhism and Taoism. Buddhism is a foreign culture. Zhu Zi was a devout Buddhist in his early years. He wrote an article when he took an examination of people, which was written in full accordance with the Buddhist principles told him by a monk and won the first place. He knows all about Buddhist classics and Taoist classics. He also set up a room at home to draw an alchemist and wrote many Taoist poems. However, after his teacher Li Dong instructed him that you were going the wrong way, he sat down to study Confucian classics. We called this section "Escape from Buddhism to Confucianism" and came back to our traditional culture. So why do I say that Zhu Xi has the ability to build his system and talk to Buddhism? Because he knows Buddhism like the back of his hand. Therefore, he also absorbed the advanced elements of Buddhism, the best example of which is his absorption of the dialectical thinking mode of Buddhism, and thus formed a new thinking mode of Neo-Confucianism-speculation.

(This article is excerpted from the on-site shorthand manuscript provided by the organizer and has not been approved by the speaker. The subtitle was added by the editor. )

T800//Damai X7 and other Zotye announced their future new car plans.

  [News] Recently, Auto announced its new car plan for the next few years. In the second half of 2015, it will launch a total of six new cars. In the next three years, it will launch more products in cars, cars and new energy vehicles.

  ◆ Six models were launched in the second half of 2015.

  SUV model

  In the second half of the year, Zotye will launch a total of three SUV models: the home version will be listed at Chengdu Auto Show and will be listed in September, and Zotye S21 will be officially unveiled at Chengdu Auto Show.

Zotye Auto Damai X5 2015 1.5T Manual Luxury Model

"Damai X5"

  Among them, the Damai X5 is a brand-new car unveiled in the world. The body line design of this car is very smooth, focusing on fashion and dynamic style. In terms of power, it uses 1.6L and 1.5T models, with a maximum of 113 horsepower and 150 horsepower respectively.

Home of the car

"Zotye S Series Publicity Map"

  Zotye S21, the first product of Zotye S series, is also positioned as a compact SUV with the length, width and height of 4503/1828/1604mm and 2680mm respectively. The car will focus on sports style, and the price of consumers will mainly be locked in the post-80 s and post-90 s, and it will be unveiled at the Chengdu Auto Show. Let us wait and see.

   car

Zotye Auto Zotye Z700 2015 Basic Model

『』

  As for cars, Zotye Z700, the first medium and large-sized car of Zotye, will also be officially launched, which is the flagship model of Zotye brand. Zotye Z700′ s design is stable and stylish, with a length, width and height of 5020/1877/1469mm and a wheelbase of 3000mm respectively. In terms of power, this car uses 1.5T and 1.8T engines, and the maximum power of these two engines is 150 HP and 170 HP respectively.

    New energy vehicle type

Zotye Auto sesame E30 2015 Basic Model Zotye Auto Zotye E200 2014 Basic Model

『; E200』

  In recent years, Zotye has been paying more and more attention to the development of new energy vehicles. In the second half of the year (expected in November), it will launch two pure electric vehicles, Sesame and E200. Sesame E30 is located in a miniature electric vehicle, which is small and lovely, with a top speed of over 80km/h and a battery life of 150km;. E200 is also a miniature electric vehicle, but it adopts a completely different design from sesame E30, and it is divided into two-door and four-door versions, which is more practical, with a top speed of 150km/h and a cruising range of about 220km.

   ◆ The plan for the next three years covers multiple models.

Home of the car

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  In the next three years, Zotye will launch more new products in SUV, car, MPV and new energy vehicles. In terms of SUV models, Zotye will also launch two compact SUVs, M11 and M12, as well as T700, T800, B15 and Damai X7. In terms of cars, Zotye will also launch brand-new Z300 and brand-new Z500;; In terms of MPV models, it will launch A40 with lower positioning and B40 with higher positioning; Finally, in terms of new energy vehicles, Zotye will launch a B15H PLUG-IN hybrid car, which will be equipped with an engine start-stop system, further reducing fuel consumption, but its specific information has not been disclosed officially.

  In the future, Zotye will form an SUV-led way, and cars and new energy vehicles will develop simultaneously. In the future, Zotye’s SUV products will also be launched with hybrid models. According to official data of Zotye, from January to June 2015, Zotye Automobile sold a total of 101,018 vehicles, up 43.68% year-on-year, among which 9,263 new energy vehicles were sold, up 544.6% year-on-year, accounting for 31% of the national pure electric vehicle sales. According to Zotye’s long-term planning goal, in 2016, Zotye aims to sell 300,000 vehicles, and strive to achieve an annual sales volume of 500,000 vehicles and an output value of 50 billion by 2018.

  In terms of dealers, Zotye will focus on the third and fourth lines in the future, and focus on the central market of China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Henan). (Text/car home Chen Hao)

  Read more:

  Positioning compact SUV Zotye S series first car will be released
  //www.autohome.com.cn/news/201508/878085.html

Five cycling routes in Shanghai are recommended to explore the beautiful scenery along the way.

Let’s take a look at the cycling route recommended by the Municipal Bureau of Greening and City Appearance, and have a cycling trip.

Pudong binjiang boulevard

Recommended cycling route:Xupu Bridge-Yangpu Bridge

Total distance:About 20.7km

Good scenery along the way

All the way from Yangpu Bridge to Pudong Riverside of Xupu Bridge, there are three types of riding lanes, running lanes and strolling lanes. Among the three "people-friendly roads" in Pujiang, the red running road is particularly eye-catching; The purple riding lane sometimes goes side by side with the running lane, and sometimes it finds another way; The hydrophilic promenade is the closest to Huangpu River, which is spacious and comfortable. When you are tired of walking, sit on the stone bench for a while and watch the sunset. In the meantime, we can truly experience the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The whole Lujiazui riverside is covered with shrubs and trees, and the flowers and plants are brightly colored, which adds a bit of beauty to Pujiang.

Songjiang Happy Cycling Line

Recommended cycling route:South Gate of Happy Valley-Linhu Road-Linyin New Road-Chenhua Road-Chenshan Botanical Garden-Chenta Road-Shetiankun Highway-tianmashan-Dingsong Road-Guangfulin Road-Guangfulin Cultural Relics-Songjiang Renmin North Road-Happy Valley

Total distance:25km

Good scenery along the way

Chenshan botanical garden

In 2023, the "Quiet Water Lily World" water lily exhibition in Chenshan Botanical Garden is in full swing. Come and see the exhibition by bike. Don’t miss this feast!

tianma mountains

Tianmashan has a long history and a rich cultural heritage. Lonely at sunset, green slopes shining in the evening, a graceful tower, leaning but not falling, is the most striking and peculiar scenery in tianmashan. The main scenic spots in the park include the Pearl-Protecting Pagoda, Ancient Ginkgo biloba, Sanguoshi Memorial Park, Liuyunge and so on.

Guangfulin country park

Guangfulin Country Park is built around the five core elements of "field, water, road, forest and village", and is based on the agricultural ecological natural landscape. It is composed of four major plates: agricultural garden picking, fruit forest scenery, wetland fishing village and camping base, and is divided into rape flower field, green trail, tent camp, forest oxygen bar, Taoxiang leisure shadow, Laolaiqing rice field, Peach Blossom Island and still water cedar.

Guangfulin cultural relics

Guangfulin Cultural Site is located in Lane 3260, Guangfulin Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai. It is a Neolithic site. The discovery of Guangfulin site obtained the archaeological name of Guangfulin culture, which filled the blank of the cultural pedigree in the late Neolithic period in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Jinshan ecology cycling line

Recommended cycling route:Langxia Country Park-Caolang Highway-Shanghai Bay Area Avenue-Jinshan District Planning Exhibition Center-Shanghai-Hangzhou Highway-Jinshanzui Fishing Village

Total distance:27km

Good scenery along the way

Langxia country park

The romantic planet light show in the country life season under the porch will last until August 27th. Combine various activities such as gourmet night market, theme dance performance, Northern Lights light show, non-legacy exhibition, camping, etc. to create an amusement scene that integrates lighting, dance beauty, culture and interactive experience. Let’s punch in!

Jinshanzui fishing village

Jinshanzui Fishing Village is an early-established and well-preserved fishing village along the coast of Shanghai, close to the city beach and echoing the three Jinshan Islands. Fishing villages have a long history of marine fishing culture and rich marine resources.

Fengxian haiwan cycling line

Recommended cycling route:Jinhaihu subway station-Fish around Shanghai-Wenyao Road-Jinhai Highway-Fengpao Highway-Fisherman’s Wharf

Total distance:16km

Good scenery along the way

jinhai lake

Shanghai Fish, also known as "Golden Sea Lake", is the third largest artificial lake in Shanghai. The lake is fish-shaped, and the peripheral water system is composed of Jinhui Port and Punan Canal, forming a circular waterway centered on fish.

Chongming hengsha island Cycling Line

Recommended cycling route:Hengsha Wharf-Xinmeng Road-Xinlian Road-Dongbin Road-Dongjiang Road-Fuminsha Road-Hengsha Wharf

Total distance:31km

Good scenery along the way

Hengsha island is the only area in Shanghai that can only be reached by ferry. The special geographical environment makes hengsha island one of the few areas in Shanghai that completely preserves the rural scenery, and it is also an important bearing place for "homesickness at sea".

Here, the river is clear, the greening is lush, and there is no dust in the river and sea. Set foot on the island, ride along hengsha island, and watch the beauty of nature. The pure sea breeze with all kinds of fresh fragrance in the air is refreshing. The troubles in my heart vanished in an instant.

Data: Municipal Bureau of Greening and Appearance.

Baojun automobile responded to the brake storm, not "brake failure" but "software BUG"

[It’s not "brake failure" but "software BUG", and Baojun Automobile responded to the brake force degradation storm] Recently, in view of the suspected "brake failure" storm caused by the network uproar, Baojun Automobile made a formal response, saying that it had intervened immediately after receiving the feedback, and said that Yue was not "brake failure" through the network, but that some vehicles had software bugs, which led to the brake power degradation. This part of the vehicle will enter the speed limit protection state when it is reminded by the indicator light when it is started. The online report is inaccurate, and Baojun will cooperate with the aftermath.

Judging from the official reply, there is indeed a problem with the brakes, but it is not a "failure" but a "software" problem. Personally, Baojun’s feedback is still timely. What Baojun needs to do now is to do a good job in software adjustment and matching as soon as possible, give consumers appropriate comfort, restore consumer confidence, and explain why such bugs occur, and further ensure that similar problems will not occur in the future. # Bao Jun responds to the problem of "brake failure" #