分类： ee

　　editorial comment/note

　　Fatty liver has become the second largest liver disease after viral hepatitis in China. According to the epidemiological survey in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, the incidence of fatty liver in the local area is 15% ~ 20%. According to the conservative estimate of the national incidence rate of 18%, the number of people with fatty liver in China is 234 million, with an average age of only 40 years, and more and more patients are around 30 years old. The average incidence of fatty liver in some occupational groups (white-collar workers, taxi drivers, professional managers, individual owners, government officials, senior intellectuals, etc.) is 25%; The incidence of fatty liver in obese people and patients with type 2 diabetes is 50%; The incidence of fatty liver in sub-health people who often suffer from insomnia, fatigue and gastrointestinal dysfunction reaches 60%.

　　Experts pointed out that fatty liver is related to bad eating habits such as drinking, high-fat diet, convenience food, fried food and snacks. In addition, the fast pace of life of modern people and the reduction of exercise are also important reasons. Experts remind that although most patients with fatty liver usually have no bad feelings, they should pay attention to it to avoid falling into five common misunderstandings, and incorporate healthy diet management and reasonable exercise into their daily lives to prevent and control the occurrence and development of fatty liver and avoid fatty hepatitis and even cirrhosis.

　　■ Smell and sing

　　Recently, when attending a class reunion, a group of middle-aged people mentioned the fact that many people were diagnosed with mild or moderate fatty liver every year, not only these working middle-aged people, but even young people in their twenties and thirties are constantly joining the ranks, which makes everyone confused. Is there something wrong with our daily life?

　　At present, it is an indisputable fact that the incidence of fatty liver is getting higher and younger. According to the epidemiological survey in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, the local incidence of fatty liver is 15% ~ 20%. According to the conservative estimate of the national incidence of 18%, the number of people suffering from fatty liver in China is 234 million.

　　If you don’t drink, eat meat or get fat, why can you get fatty liver?

　　Hu Chengheng, chief physician of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, pointed out that fatty liver has become the second largest liver disease after viral hepatitis in China. The average incidence of fatty liver in some occupational groups (white-collar workers, taxi drivers, professional managers, individual owners, government officials, senior intellectuals, etc.) is 25%; The incidence of fatty liver in obese people and patients with type 2 diabetes is 50%; The incidence of fatty liver in alcoholics and alcoholics was 58%. The incidence of fatty liver in sub-health people who often suffer from insomnia, fatigue and gastrointestinal dysfunction reaches 60%. In recent years, the age of people with fatty liver has been declining, the average age is only 40 years old, and there are more and more patients around 30 years old, and the fatty liver in men under 45 years old is obviously more than that in women.

　　As we all know, fatty liver is equated with drinking and high-fat diet, but what puzzles many people is why they get into this disease when they obviously don’t drink and eat meat very much. Cai Haodong, chief physician of beijing ditan hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, believes that not drinking alcohol can also lead to liver diseases, and the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver is 9% ~ 46%. Most of them are simple fatty liver, mostly asymptomatic, and there is no inflammatory change in the liver, so the liver function is normal and the condition is stable.

　　Yuan Xiaoying, chief physician of the Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, believes that fatty liver is first related to diet. Nowadays, people’s lives are getting richer and richer, and it is inevitable that they will touch alcohol and high-fat food in their diet. However, modern people like to stay up late and work overtime, and they have to add meals at night when they work overtime, which are often convenience foods, fried foods and snacks. These are all bad eating habits; In addition, modern people have a fast pace of life, do not have much time to go out for exercise, and the amount of exercise is reduced, which is also the reason why the onset age of fatty liver is getting younger and younger and the incidence rate is getting higher and higher.

　　Because many people who have been diagnosed with fatty liver have no bad feelings, they don’t really care. Shi Lei, deputy chief physician of hepatobiliary surgery in Xi ‘an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, reminded that doctors advocate early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of fatty liver, especially steatohepatitis, which is not a simple fatty liver, but accompanied by inflammatory activities of the liver, and the hardness of the liver is also increasing. If not actively treated, fatty liver can also develop into cirrhosis, causing adverse consequences.

　　Fatty liver is a common "five misunderstandings". Have you been recruited?

　　Zhao Gan, a nutritionist at Beijing You ‘an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, reminds you that even if you usually pay great attention to diet and health care, you may walk into the following five misunderstandings about fatty liver.

　　Myth 1: Fatty liver is neither painful nor itchy, so you can leave it alone. Fatty liver is mainly divided into alcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic fatty liver, and mild fatty liver is easier to cure. However, if it develops to a serious stage, it may also lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Even with active treatment, the diseased liver is unlikely to return to normal.

　　Myth 2: Only obese people get fatty liver, but thin people don’t. Fatty liver is not a "patent" for fat people. Some office workers are sedentary, resulting in excessive visceral fat and central obesity. Although their limbs are not fat and their trunks are not bloated, they are exposed as soon as they take off their clothes, and they are also prone to fatty liver.

　　Myth 3: Fatty liver is eaten, and you only need to control your diet. To get fatty liver, you don’t just need to control your diet. You also need to quit smoking and drinking and strengthen exercise. Exercise is an important way to treat fatty liver, especially for obese friends. Generally, low-intensity aerobic exercise is more suitable, such as brisk walking, jogging and swimming. However, it should not be too intense. If the amount of exercise is too large, it may affect the liver function and aggravate the condition.

　　Myth 4: Fatty liver patients eat more fruits, the better. Fresh fruit is rich in vitamins and minerals, and is rich in dietary fiber. Regular consumption is good for health, but the more you eat, the better. Because of the high sugar content of fruit, eating too much for a long time can lead to the increase of blood sugar and blood lipid, and even induce obesity. In addition, eating only fruits and vegetables instead of staple food will make patients with fatty liver more hungry, have disordered metabolism and unstable blood sugar level, which will aggravate fatty liver. Therefore, people with fatty liver should not eat more fruits, just in moderation, and should choose to eat between meals.

　　Myth 5: Fast weight loss can reduce fatty liver. Some obese friends have fatty liver, and often take "hunger therapy" to lose weight quickly. In fact, losing weight too fast is often harmful. If it exceeds the metabolic capacity of the body, it will damage the liver function and aggravate the condition. For most patients, the reasonable weight loss goal is about 0.5 kg/week.

　　With fatty liver, how to scientifically "shut up"?

　　Zhao Yaping, a nutritionist at Beijing You ‘an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, believes that in the occurrence of fatty liver, dietary behavior is the first to bear the brunt, and managing food intake has become the most important thing to prevent and control the occurrence and development of fatty liver.

　　1. Dining system. 4-5 meals a day, 3 main meals and 1-2 extra meals. You can eat fruits and vegetables, yogurt and nuts during meals, so that you won’t be too hungry to eat too many calories at one time, and effectively control your appetite and food intake.

　　2. Slow down the meal. Eating slowly can reduce the amount of meals and increase the satisfaction after meals. There are many ways to slow down the meal, such as adding a pause in the middle, reducing the volume of each bite of food and increasing the number of chews. A study among men in China shows that chewing 40 times before swallowing can reduce the amount of meals by 11.9% compared with chewing 15 times.

　　3. Appropriately increase the intake of protein. High-protein foods make people feel fuller than foods rich in carbohydrates, thus suppressing appetite. This minimal effect on hunger helps to reduce the overall energy intake. High-protein foods mainly include four categories: meat (poultry, livestock, fish and shrimp, etc.), eggs, milk and soybeans.

　　4. Appropriately increase dietary fiber intake. Dietary fiber is easy to produce satiety, and at the same time, it can slow down the emptying speed of food in the stomach and maintain a longer satiety. Foods rich in dietary fiber include oats, corn, sweet potatoes, whole wheat bread, green leafy vegetables and low-sugar fruits. Oats, corn and sweet potatoes can be used to replace polished rice flour and whole wheat bread instead of ordinary bread in food collocation.

　　5. Reasonable eating order. Eat the big one first, then eat the small one; Eat liquid first, then eat solid; Eat low-calorie food first, then high-calorie food. Vegetables are large and low-calorie foods and should be eaten in front; Soups are easy to feel full and can be drunk before meals; Meat and staple food are high in calories and can be eaten at the back.

　　6. Healthy drinking water. It is suggested that you can choose boiled water, light tea, etc., and refuse sugary drinks and juice. Because fruit juice has high sugar content and good taste, it is easy to "drink addiction" and drink too much, which is not conducive to controlling calorie intake.

　　

　　This report is compiled in accordance with Article 50 of the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Openness of Government Information (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information).

　　I. General situation

　　(A) continue to expand the initiative to open

　　Effectively strengthen organizational leadership, strictly implement the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information, adhere to the principle of serving the people, intensify the disclosure of government information such as normative documents, final accounts of budgets, performance management and policy interpretation, and disclose relevant information on the official website of the Bureau to ensure that the disclosure content is comprehensive, accurate and detailed.

　　The first is to make decision-making public. Through the "Policy Document Solicitation Column" of the Capital Window, the Bureau’s website and new media, the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (Draft for Public Comment) and the Opinions of Beijing Intellectual Property Office on Further Strengthening the Public Service of Intellectual Property Rights (Draft for Comment) were publicly solicited from the public, and timely feedback was given.

　　The second is to make the policy public. To achieve synchronous organization, synchronous drafting, synchronous review and release of normative documents and interpretation materials. When interpreting the policy, the background basis, objectives and tasks, main contents, scope and implementation standards of the policy measures are interpreted in detail. When the document is published, the relevant interpretation materials and documents are published simultaneously on the portal website of our bureau. Grasp the education and training, carry out more than 110 policy presentations in conjunction with industrial alliances, industry associations, key parks, government service centers, etc., preach patent pre-examination, rapid rights protection, funding and other services, train nearly 10,000 enterprises, and guide enterprises to make good use of relevant policies on intellectual property rights.

　　The third is to make the implementation public. The implementation of key tasks, performance tasks and key tasks in the work report of the municipal government undertaken by the public on a regular basis. Disclosure of administrative law enforcement responsibilities, law enforcement basis, law enforcement procedures, supervision channels and law enforcement results and other information, publication of administrative law enforcement statistics annual report, disclosure of patent infringement dispute handling case information, administrative punishment information, patent agencies and patent agents random inspection results.

　　The fourth is to make key areas public. Continue to promote the construction of the platform, and set up a column to centralize and continuously disclose the information on the pilot of intellectual property insurance and the multi-mediation of intellectual property disputes. Conscientiously implement the regulations of this Municipality on optimizing the business environment, and actively disclose information in key areas such as "One Netcom Office".

　　(2) Standardize the handling of disclosure upon application.

　　Strengthen the standardization of government information management, improve the working mechanism of disclosure according to applications, standardize working procedures, refine the case handling process, and clearly define the acceptance, transfer and feedback mechanisms to ensure timely response. Ensure that letters, online application acceptance channels and consultation telephones are unblocked, cite the provisions of the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information in the reply notice, clearly indicate the relief channels, and ensure that the reply form is standardized. In 2021, a total of 6 public documents were received, and all of them were answered.

　　(C) improve the mechanism to improve the quality of publicity

　　Standardize the public procedures and implement the confidentiality review of government information disclosure. Strictly control the content, review and release of new media numbers, strengthen positive online publicity, and adhere to the correct political direction, public opinion orientation and value orientation. Improve the quality of publicity and establish a daily and regular inspection mechanism for public information. We will carry out public opinion monitoring, early warning and judgment on intellectual property rights, and do a good job in responding to public opinion about intellectual property emergencies. Improve the supervision mechanism for the implementation of information disclosure responsibility, promote the implementation of the whole process of information disclosure responsibility, incorporate information disclosure work into the focus of supervision, carry out regular supervision and inspection, and promote the implementation of tasks.

　　Second, the initiative to disclose government information

　　Iii. Receiving and handling applications for government information disclosure

　　Four, the government information disclosure of administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation.

　　

　　V. Main Problems and Improvements

　　First, the degree of openness and accuracy of government affairs needs to be continuously deepened. Improvement measures: adhere to the service-oriented principle, actively push policy information to the corporate public through websites, WeChat WeChat official account, policy training and other channels in a timely manner, provide policy interpretation, realize accurate customization and delivery of policy information, and focus on publicity in the field of intellectual property public services.

　　Second, the training of information disclosure needs to be continuously strengthened. Improvement measures: further strengthen publicity, education and training, organize the study of the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information and other relevant regulations, improve cadres’ ideological understanding, improve the enthusiasm and initiative of information submission, and improve the quality of information disclosure.

　　Vi. Other matters that need to be reported

　　In 2021, the number and total amount of charge notices issued by our bureau and the total amount actually collected were all 0.

　　The official website of Beijing Intellectual Property Office is http://zscqj.beijing.gov.cn/. For more information about the government, please visit it.

　　[Editor’s Note] In order to solve the problem that patent achievements are difficult to be transformed and applied, Taiwan Province has implemented the Industrialization Plan for Invention Patents. 2015 is the last year of the implementation of the plan, and the implementation effect has initially appeared. By establishing a unified basic platform to promote the communication and exchange between obligees and manufacturers, and setting up a patent value-added counseling and consulting center to strengthen active service, the efficiency of patent transformation can be effectively improved. This issue of Express introduces the background, process, main contents and effects of the Plan for Industrialization of Invention Patents in Taiwan Province, and summarizes its effective measures.

　　First, the background and problems of intellectual property strategy in Taiwan Province

　　(A) Taiwan Province intellectual property policy development background

　　Limited by the natural environment and resources, Taiwan Province has long regarded technology import and export orientation as the basis of its economic development. The protection of intellectual property rights and related management and development focus on how to strengthen technology input to enhance regional production capacity. This thinking led to the neglect of independent R&D achievements in the early days in Taiwan Province, and it was at a disadvantage in the intellectual property market for a long time.

　　In 1990s, in order to prepare for China’s entry into the World TRIPS Organization, the Patent Law, Trademark Law and Copyright Law in Taiwan Province were revised to varying degrees. In addition, in 1995 and 1996, the Law on the Protection of Integrated Circuit Layout and the Law on Business Secrets were promulgated, and the system of intellectual property protection in Taiwan Province was basically improved. In January, 1999, the Intellectual Property Bureau was established in Taiwan Province to manage patents, trademarks, copyrights, layout-design of integrated circuits and other intellectual property businesses in a unified way, and to strengthen intellectual property administration. In July, 2008, the Intellectual Property Court was established in Taiwan Province, which has unified jurisdiction over the trial of administrative, civil and criminal cases of patent rights, trademark rights, copyrights and trade secrets, thus effectively controlling the disadvantages of lengthy judicial procedures for intellectual property rights.

　　(B) Problems and Dilemma of Intellectual Property Development in Taiwan Province

　　First, there is a fault between scientific research and development and production. In recent years, the R&D investment in science and technology in Taiwan Province has gradually increased, and the R&D output has also made great progress. The ranking of international academic papers and patents in Taiwan Province has been improved, but these scientific research achievements have not fully played their role in the industries involved and the overall economic development. Since 2005, Taiwan Province has ranked fourth in the world in the number of patents approved in the United States, but its influence is not satisfactory.

　　Second, the patent transformation of R&D units faces different problems. Due to the lack of experience in popularizing patent technology transformation, some research institutions and universities need external resources to help promote the industrialization of R&D achievements. At present, some public universities are only authorized because of the unclear provisions of laws and regulations on punishment and transfer. Some enterprises need to be assisted by intellectual property services and cooperative trading platforms, and large enterprises lack patent technology to defend and counter when facing international litigation because of their long-term operation mode of entrusted manufacturing. Personal R&D achievements are usually insufficient in capital and manpower investment, and the ability of technology transformation is low.

　　Third, the patent layout is insufficient to adapt to the increasingly prosperous patent "mine". As mentioned above, due to the long-term neglect of independent development, enterprises generally have weak independent research and development capabilities, and most enterprises lack core or important patented technologies in product-related fields. With the increasing attention of the international community to intellectual property rights, the protection and layout of intellectual property rights has become a stage for competition among enterprises. In addition to the patent fees, manufacturers with core patented technologies may also require the derivative benefits of products manufactured by authorized patents after listing and sales, and the proportion of the fees may sometimes be as high as 15% to 40% of the selling price of the products, thus greatly diluting the profit space of manufacturers. According to the report "Current Situation and Review of Science and Technology Development in Taiwan Province" published in 2012, Taiwan Province spends about NT$ 400 billion on R&D every year, and the number of patents per capita ranks first in the world, and the total amount ranks fifth in the world. However, there is a big gap between these scientific research investments and industrial demand, which leads enterprises to pay more than NT$ 100 billion in licensing fees to buy patents every year.

　　Second, the specific content of the "industrialization plan for invention patents"

　　In order to fully transform innovation ability into productivity and further strengthen the overall economic development of the region, Taiwan Province put forward the Industrialization Scheme of Invention Patents in the Five-year Plan of Four Intelligent Industry Policies.

　　The first is to clarify the definition of "invention patent" and "invention patent industrialization". According to the third paragraph of Article 2 of the Industrialization Plan for Invention Patents, the "invention patents" mentioned in this plan include patents and technologies obtained by research institutions, schools, enterprises and individuals. "Industrialization of invention patents", that is, the transformation of patent achievements, refers to the process of creating economic benefits through the use of patented technology. After the patent is authorized, it needs to go through the following industrialization process to create economic benefits: patent value and market evaluation and operation planning; Examine the patent technology layout of the industrial chain, and combine relevant patents or technologies to increase the feasibility of the patent being used; Transaction marketing activities such as transfer authorization, transfer or technical cooperation; Activities such as technical verification, entrepreneurship cultivation services and financing loans required for the development of products or undertakings.

　　The second is the content of promoting industrialization. According to the Plan for Industrialization of Invention Patents, the specific measures include: setting up a patent value-added counseling and consulting center, counseling commercialization verification services, strengthening the service function of Taiwan Technology Marketplace (hereinafter referred to as TWTM platform), integrating counseling resources to guide enterprise patent commercialization, counseling or subsidizing individual patent entrepreneurship to cultivate or develop new products, and strengthening the commercialization of research and development results of scientific special projects; In addition, according to the individual needs of patent technology owners, customized intensive counseling measures.

　　-setting up a patent value-added counseling and consulting center. Establish a patent value-added counseling and consulting center through TWTM platform, establish a database of expert consultants, and provide patentees with patent commercialization counseling for individual cases. Use TWTM platform online evaluation software or other patent value evaluation methods to evaluate patent technology and market potential and screen patents with commercialization potential. Provide value-added counseling for patents with commercialization potential screened by expert consultants, enhance the application potential of patents through value-added and combination of patents, or assist in applying for resources such as "instant technical counseling plan for SMEs".

　　-Counseling commercial verification services. From the source of cases counseled by the Patent Value-added Counseling and Consulting Center, the patents that have been used to develop prototypes are screened out, assisted by expert consultants to provide patent commercialization verification services, and the technology and equipment of Industry-University-Research institutions are integrated to provide patent commercialization verification services in collaboration. According to the technical development stage and demand of each patent prototype, provide verification services such as engineering, design or product. Through commercial verification service, the feasibility of mass production of patented prototype is revised and confirmed, the risk of production and development is reduced, and the patented prototype is guided to become a product with more commercial value.

　　-strengthen the service function of the technology transaction integration service center. Through patent collection, more tradable patents will be uploaded to TWTM platform. In addition, potential patents of individuals and small and medium-sized enterprises will be actively explored to increase the source of patent trading cooperation or patent commercialization; At the same time, collect the patent demand of the industry, understand the demand information of the patent technology demander, and further strengthen the patent cooperation supply and demand of TWTM platform. Hold patent intermediary promotion activities through TWTM platform, such as technology trading cooperation negotiation meeting, patent open granting activity, international technology trade exhibition or promotion interview with specific objects, etc., to enhance the probability of patent cooperation or commercialization.

　　-integrating counseling resources to guide the commercialization of enterprise patents. Make full use of existing counseling resources, provide integrated information on R&D counseling plans, and assist patent owners in patent commercialization and industrialization. The promotion measures are as follows: expand the use of existing R&D project counseling plans, assist patents with commercialization and industrialization potential, research and develop business plans and research and development plans, and accelerate their research and development of patented technologies, so as to achieve commercialization and industrialization; Using special loan plan to assist the commercialization and commercialization of patents, financing and credit guarantee; Introduce venture capital companies and expand the sources of funds for patent commercialization and industrialization.

　　-provide intensive counseling measures according to individual needs. In view of the problems faced by smaller research institutions, schools, enterprises and individuals in the process of patent industrialization, intensive counseling measures are provided. For small-scale research institutions and schools, experts and consultants are sent to conduct in-depth consultation and visit, evaluate trading methods and value-added portfolio opportunities, and help seek potential cooperative trading partners. Use TWTM platform to provide services such as trade talks and public transfer activities in the technical field to enhance cooperation opportunities. Provide cooperative trading guidance for large enterprises, use TWTM platform to assist them in trading non-core patents, and use IP Bank fund mechanism to accelerate industrial chain enterprises to jointly obtain patents needed for litigation and strengthen their litigation ability. In addition to providing value-added counseling for small and medium-sized enterprises and seeking potential partners, they will also use the technical field of TWTM platform to enhance cooperation opportunities, and at the same time provide industrial operation counseling: developing industrial operation planning, technical verification or developing new products, and financing and other related services to enhance the probability of patent commercialization. For individuals, we will provide value-added counseling for consultants and use services such as technical field trade talks and public transfer activities on TWTM platform to enhance cooperation opportunities. Assist in the use of government counseling resources, such as providing business plans for developing industrialization, technical verification or developing new products, and assisting in providing financing-related resources.

　　III. Achievements of the Patent Industrialization Plan

　　(1) Expected results

　　With the implementation of the Industrialization Plan for Invention Patents in Taiwan Province, it is estimated that by 2015, 470 patents will be obtained, 6,900 entrepreneurs will participate in industry-university cooperation, 3,200 cases will be visited by expert consultants, 960 patent technology operation plans or verification services will be developed, 3,400 patents will be assisted in value-added portfolio services, and 5,700 patents will be transferred and authorized. Driven by the above achievements, it is estimated that by 2015, 39,000 jobs will be created, private investment will be driven by NT$ 20 billion, and economic benefits will be derived by NT$ 113 billion.

　　(II) Actual results

　　According to the statistics of 2013, 3,016 cases of consulting and visiting services have been completed since the implementation of the Industrialization Scheme of Invention Patents in 2010. 725 business plans or verification services have been completed; A total of 2,392 pieces of patented technology were added; 5,130 manufacturers have completed industry-university cooperation; 4,676 cases of transactions such as authorization and transfer were completed; Promote employment of 40,229 people; Drive private investment of 19.2494 billion yuan; Derived economic benefits amounted to NT$ 76.006 billion.

　　Fourth, summary

　　The effect of implementing "Industrialization Scheme of Invention Patents" in Taiwan Province has initially appeared, and its effective measures are as follows.

　　First, establish a unified basic platform to promote exchanges between rights holders and manufacturers. In the process of implementing the patent industrialization scheme, all measures are carried out on a single TWTM platform, through which the obligee and the manufacturer can communicate and communicate patent industrialization clearly and directly, which saves the cost and inconvenience caused by inquiring counterparts and multiple channels, and is also conducive to policy promotion and publicity.

　　The second is to set up specialized agencies to take the initiative to help promote the industrialization process. During the implementation of the patent industrialization plan, the Patent Value-added Counseling and Consulting Center, as the main responsible unit, specially assists the obligee and the manufacturer in matters such as patent value-added, combination and evaluation. At the same time, in order to improve the patent industrialization rate, it will also strengthen the role of its own platform by actively publicizing, actively search for patents with transformation potential, and improve the probability of valuable patents’ transformation and application, thus improving the efficiency of policy implementation, instead of passively accepting consultation and passively providing services. (Shi Liyu, Peking University International Intellectual Property Research Center)

　　This article only represents the opinions of experts in the research base and may not be reproduced without permission.

Android China February 10 news, on November 11, 1998, Ma Huateng founded Tencent with friends in Shenzhen. In the previous year, Ma Huateng came into contact with ICQ and kept its inspiration. Tencent launched QQ, an instant social software, on February 10, 1999, which opened a new social application chapter in Chinese. Now, QQ is celebrating its 18th anniversary.

Everyone knows that the predecessor of QQ is QICQ, so how many versions of QQ do you remember having used? Let’s review it together!

In April 2000, the number of QQ users registered reached 5 million; At 20: 43 pm on May 27th, the number of simultaneous online users of QQ exceeded 100,000 for the first time. In June, the number of registered users of QQ exceeded 10 million.

On January 31st, 2001, NetValue announced the ranking of Internet websites and entities in five Asian countries and regions, including data from Hong Kong, China SAR, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, China and Chinese mainland, ranking 6th in China. In February of the same year, Tencent QQ online users successfully broke through the 1 million mark, and the number of registered users has increased to 50 million.

In March 2002, the number of registered QQ users exceeded 100 million, and in October of the same year — In December, the first "Q Human Q Life" QQ Star Trial was successfully held, which further integrated the QQ image into the lives of modern young people.

Launched "QQ Game" in August 2003; In September, it ranked 29 th in the "Top 100 Taxpayers of Private Enterprises" nationwide; In October, Tencent was rated as one of the "websites with the largest market value" in China. In September of the same year, the number of registered QQ users rose to 200 million. On September 9, the launch of enterprise-level real-time communication product "RTX" was grandly announced in Kerry Center, Beijing. In December, it was once again recognized as "the key software enterprise in Shenzhen in 2003".

In April 2004, the number of registered users of QQ reached a new peak, breaking through the 300 million mark. June 16th is a moment worthy of Tencent’s pride. On the main board of Hong Kong, a new share with the stock code of 700HK was unveiled. The new share is called Tencent Holdings Limited. On October 22nd, in the large-scale survey of "Top 100 Commercial Websites in China in 2004", Tencent ranked first in the vote rate, ahead of Sina, Sohu, Netease and other portals. At the same time, Tencent was also rated as one of the "Top 5 Websites with the Largest Market Value" in China. Tencent TT(Tencent Traveler) was launched on October 27th of the same year. It ranks fourth in Alexa’s domestic portal, and ranks third or fourth in the home page and three major channels.

On February 16th, 2005, the number of online users of Tencent QQ exceeded 10 million for the first time. In November, the number of online users of QQ Fantasy exceeded 500,000, and it was also included in the second batch of "China National Online Game Publishing Project" evaluated by the General Administration of Press and Publication.

On January 25th, 2006, QQ Fantasy and QQ Pet were selected as the second batch of online games products suitable for minors by the Ministry of Culture. In May, with the implementation of the "Shenzhen Intellectual Property Advantage Promotion Plan", Tencent was recognized as "Shenzhen Intellectual Property Advantage Enterprise" on May 16, 2006, becoming one of the first enterprises to receive this title. At the same time, Huawei, BYD, ZTE, Skyworth and other companies also won this title, and Tencent ranked fourth.

On July 13, 2007, Tencent QQ also exceeded 30 million online; On August 9, at the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Awards Conference, Mr. Ma Huateng, CEO of Tencent, won the 2006 Mayor Award (entrepreneur category); In November, the 3rd China Outstanding Corporate Citizenship Commendation Conference was held in the Great Hall of the People. With outstanding contributions in fulfilling social responsibilities, members of Tencent’s founder team, Ma Huateng, Zhang Zhidong, Xu Chenye, Chen Yidan and Ceng Liqing, won the "Special Contribution Award for Corporate Citizenship", which is the only award that China’s Internet industry won in the current China Outstanding Corporate Citizenship Award.

On March 12, 2008, the maximum number of simultaneous online users of Tencent QQ exceeded 40 million; In September, Tencent was awarded the title of the third batch of "National Cultural Industry Demonstration Base" by the Ministry of Culture at the Second National Cultural Industry Work Conference of the Ministry of Culture, becoming the only Internet integrated service enterprise that won this honor.

In February 2009, the maximum number of simultaneous online users of Tencent QQ exceeded 50 million; On February 19th, the number of monthly login accounts in QQ space exceeded 200 million; In July, Tencent’s total number of patents granted exceeded 400, making it one of the enterprises with the largest number of patents on the Internet in the world, comparable to international Internet giants such as Google, Yahoo and Aol.

On March 5, 2010, at 19: 52: 58, Tencent announced that the number of simultaneous online users of QQ exceeded 100 million for the first time. On the afternoon of September 5th, General Secretary Hu Jintao and his party visited Tencent.

On January 21st, 2011, Tencent launched WeChat, a free application that provides instant messaging service for smart phones, and soon WeChat became another very influential product of Tencent. On July 14th, the Party Committee of Tencent held an inaugural meeting. On behalf of Nanshan District Committee, Hu Jin, Deputy Secretary of CPC Nanshan District Committee, and Chen Yidan, Chief Executive Officer of Tencent Company, held a grand unveiling ceremony for the Party Committee of Tencent Company.

On May 18, 2012, Tencent officially announced that it would adjust its organizational structure to meet the needs of users and promote business development. In August, Tencent, Alibaba Group and China Ping An will jointly test Internet finance and jointly establish Shanghai Lujiazui Financial Exchange. On August 16th, Shenzhen Asia Pacific Media Co., Ltd. and Tencent jointly created "Tencent Asia Pacific Home".

In January, 2013, Tencent employees and volunteers independently launched the public welfare 404 page-Internet public welfare activities; On September 16th, Sohu, sogou and Tencent jointly announced a strategic cooperation. Tencent injected US$ 448 million into sogou and merged its Tencent Soso business and other related assets into sogou. After the transaction was completed, Tencent immediately acquired 36.5% of the fully diluted shares in sogou. On September 16th, Tencent and Today’s share price rose to HK$ 417, with a market value of about HK$ 774.982 billion, or about US$ 100 billion, making it the first Internet company in China with a market value exceeding US$ 100 billion.

Tencent’s simplified QQ version for low-performance mobile phones — — QQlite for Android (i.e. light chat version) is quietly launched. As the name implies, its biggest selling point is the ultra-small installation package of only 7.52M, which not only retains the core chat function, but also saves memory, and is suitable for low-profile Android devices.

In fact, in 2015, QQ changed a lot, for example, from the version of QQXX to the version number of QQXX: Tencent QQ2014 changed to QQ5.0, creating a new colorful message bubble for chat experience. Tencent QQ has more than 200 million online users at the same time, and mobile phone users account for 70%. Are you there during this period?

The earliest mobile phone QQ was born in 2003. At that time, most of the mobile phones were function machines and Saipan system. The interface of the whole software was relatively simple, which basically met the needs of friends’ online chat. And this is also the most basic function as a communication tool. The network environment and hardware products determine that users can’t do more colorful applications on mobile phones as in the future.

From 2005 to 2007, the biggest change of mobile QQ is more personalized, fresher and simpler in design. From the function point of view, it meets all the chat software of QQ: chat (video, group chat), news information, entertainment, audio and video, etc. With people getting familiar with the Internet, they hope to connect with it anytime and anywhere, and their functions will be improved.

After 2008, QQ has enriched all applications on function machines. Smartphones with touch screens have changed the way of human-computer interaction. First of all, QQ has enlarged the size on the mobile phone interface, and the visual design is more concise and lively. Because it is touch-sensitive interaction, the functional design is more centralized, reducing the accumulation of windows, and making the display of functions patchwork. However, traces of PC still remain on mobile QQ, which also lowers the threshold for users to migrate.

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　　On August 30th, the 27th Chengdu International Automobile Exhibition officially kicked off. Super Anxin promised to escort, and the DMH super hybrid system was empowered. SAIC Roewe brought all products of D family Roewe D7 DMH, Roewe D7 EV and Roewe D5X DMH to Chengdu Auto Show. At the same time, Roewe RX5 PLUS, i5, iMAX8 and other star models also made their debut. The grand appearance of Roewe product family not only fulfilled Roewe’s commitment to deeply cultivate technology and promote user experience innovation, but also demonstrated that Roewe New Energy is moving towards a new journey.

　　Buy a new energy vehicle and decide after watching Roewe! At this year’s Chengdu Auto Show, SAIC Roewe brought exclusive subsidy policies to customers in Sichuan and Chongqing, and brought more feedback to consumers with more competitive prices and better experience. Under the double superposition of state compensation and factory compensation, the replacement subsidies of Roewe D7 DMH, Roewe D7 EV, Roewe RX5 and Roewe iMAX8 are as high as 50,000 yuan; The replacement subsidy for Roewe D5DMH and Roewe i5 is as high as 40,000 yuan, and the full amount of Roewe i5 after subsidy is only 39,800 yuan.

　　World-class DMH super hybrid technology strength leads the hybrid era

　　In the huge market scale and fierce market competition, China’s hybrid technology has achieved a leap from following to leading, and began to "feed back" the world. At present, the core technology of SAIC has reached the international advanced level, and the reverse output of main core technologies including vehicle platform has been realized, which also shows the world the strength of China automobile brand in the new energy era.

　　Driven by technology to change products, DMH super hybrid technology has taken the lead in the Roewe D7 DMH and the Roewe D5DMH, a new mainstream hybrid SUV with long battery life, showing its strength beyond its peers in terms of energy efficiency, NVH and driving experience. In 2023, Roewe D7 DMH won the honor of "China Heart" Top Ten Engines and Hybrid Systems. In addition, in June’s "Extreme Hot Marathon — — In the "2000km plug-in and hybrid endurance challenge" activity, these two-car combinations equipped with DMH super hybrid system took the first place with a total endurance of 3908km. Among them, Roewe D7 DMH has set a new record for self-owned brand B-class cars with the ultimate endurance of 2160km, and the measured comprehensive fuel consumption per 100 km is only 2.7L, which shows the true strength of China’s self-owned brand national team.

　　Behind the measured results, the list of battery life and fuel consumption has been refreshed repeatedly, which is the systematic support of many unique technologies. The fifth-generation DMH super hybrid technology, which is constantly evolving based on the National Science and Technology Progress Award, has many world-leading technologies such as the industry’s first powertrain brain PICU and the coaxial structure of engine +P1 motor. The software algorithm is used as the core to match the special hardware such as hybrid high-efficiency engine, gearbox and long-life battery, and the combination of software and hardware is achieved, achieving the strongest performance and optimal index. In addition, DMH super hybrid technology has three technical characteristics: modularity, integration and exclusivity. By matching different hybrid routes such as PHEV/EREV/HEV with one system, it can cover the driving needs and fuel consumption regulations of different users around the world.

　　In fact, as early as 2010, SAIC proactively laid out the field of plug-in hybrid technology. In the past ten years, SAIC has accumulated 150 billion yuan and obtained more than 26,000 technical patents, as well as "seven technical bases" including three vehicle platforms and four key systems. Moreover, with the project of "Key Technology and Industrialization of Low Energy Consumption Plug-in Hybrid Passenger Cars" and the second prize of the National Science Progress Award twice by SAIC Rubik’s Cube Battery, SAIC has built a solid hybrid technology system with strong technical reserves.

　　The biggest advantage of any technology with long-term value is that it can withstand precipitation and carry periodic iterations. In the future, the DMH super hybrid technology will continue to evolve: at the engine energy end, Roewe insists on knowing more about the engine in order to better mix. The thermal efficiency of the hybrid special engine under the DMH super hybrid system has exceeded 46.3%, and it will pass the national 14 th Five-Year Plan certification project. Roewe is also the first car enterprise in China to meet Euro 7 emission standards. In addition, at the auto show site, in the live disassembly of the DMH super hybrid system, Roewe first showed the future forward-looking technology "composite planetary gear". This technology integrates the subtle design of planetary gear system and clutch system, which can realize the smooth shift of three gears, improve the driving experience, greatly improve the energy efficiency and bring a quieter and more comfortable driving environment. Based on the ever-evolving DMH super hybrid technology, Roewe will make the fuel consumption lower, strive to break 2 into 1, and lead China super hybrid into the era of fuel consumption 1.

　　"Super Anxin Commitment" Helps Brand Transform into New Energy.

　　Entering the "second half" of the new energy automobile industry, the competition among automobile enterprises has changed from a simple "price war" to a multi-dimensional "value war". Based on quality and technology, SAIC Roewe began to provide volume service and volume guarantee, and truly volume value for users.

　　Based on the DMH super hybrid technology leading the whole hybrid technology industry, the quality car-making strength under the big factory system, and the outstanding performance of the model equipped with SAIC Rubik’s Cube battery, which delivered 300,000 units worldwide and set a record of zero spontaneous combustion, SAIC Roewe broke the industry convention and took the lead in launching the "Super Safety Commitment". With the industry-leading service guarantee terms, it provides users with a safe car experience in the whole life cycle, setting a new benchmark in the industry.

　　"Super Safety Commitment" introduces the "zero spontaneous combustion guarantee" of "burn one and lose one" within 20 working days, and the "three-electricity lifetime warranty" with unlimited mileage and the first owner. The promised warranty components include high-voltage battery pack, drive motor and drive motor control module, and cover the powertrain integrated control module of hybrid vehicles.

　　This policy breaks the industry’s guarantee restrictions on the number of kilometers and service life of the three power companies in one fell swoop, and provides comprehensive protection for the whole life cycle of non-operating vehicles. After the launch of Super Anxin, the preservation rate of Roewe-related products will increase by 5%, that is, products worth about 100,000 yuan, and used cars will sell for 5,000 yuan more.

　　Technology empowerment, service escort. Roewe relies on SAIC’s excellent technical strength, the quality of large factories and the industry’s first "Super Anxin Commitment" service guarantee, and is committed to providing consumers with world-class products that can be bought with peace of mind and used with peace of mind and have more "long-term value". It is worth mentioning that at present, for every 10 cars exported to Europe, 7 are from SAIC passenger cars, which once again confirms the world quality and global strength of SAIC passenger cars.

　　Roewe adheres to long-term, makes a living with core technology, settles down with users’ needs, goes all out to promote the brand’s new energy transformation, and actively responds to the new energy market involution. At the auto show, Yu Jingmin, executive deputy general manager of passenger car branch of SAIC Motor Co., Ltd. said: "Roewe will do a good job ‘ Near, Middle and Far ’ Plan, taking into account the current and long-term relationships. At present, we need to polish the technology brands label, marketing should return to the essence, focus on user needs, and be closer to users, media and distributors. " (Source: SAIC Volkswagen)

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7. enping city Ximen Bus Terminal, hotline: 7718170 (pre-selling tickets until January 31st);

8. Yici Bus Terminal, hotline: 2213126 (pre-selling tickets until January 29th);

9. Shuikou Bus Terminal, hotline: 2730229 (pre-selling tickets until January 29th).

Happy new year’s eve

SPRING

FESTIVAL

New Year’s Eve is the last day of the China lunar calendar every year, and it is a day to get rid of the old and get new, and to have a family reunion. "divide" means to divide the old with the new, that is, to alternate; "Evening" originally means "sunset" and is extended to "night". "New Year’s Eve" means that the old year will be removed this evening, and the new year will be replaced tomorrow.

In Chinese’s mind, New Year’s Eve, as the most important day of the year, is celebrated by every household, welcoming relatives and friends and reuniting together.

Origin and custom of New Year’s Eve

"New Year’s Eve" originated from "banishment" in the pre-Qin period. At the end of each year in the Zhou and Qin dynasties, a ceremony of "exorcising" was held in the palace to beat drums to drive away the ghosts of plague, which was called "expelling". According to "Lu Chunqiu Ji Dong Ji", on the day before the New Year, the ancients beat drums to drive away the "ghost of epidemic disease". This is the origin of "New Year’s Eve". The earliest mention of the name "New Year’s Eve" is the book "Local Scenery" written by Zhou Chu in the Western Jin Dynasty.

The custom of New Year’s Eve is related to the legend of Nian. According to legend, in ancient times, there was a fierce beast called Nian. It is ferocious in appearance, ferocious in nature, and feeds on all kinds of animals. Nian haunts after dark and returns at dawn. At the end of each year, Nian will break into villages where people live in concentrated communities and hunt people and livestock, which makes people talk about Nian’s color change. People calculated the day when "Nian" was raging, and regarded this terrible night as a gateway, which was called "Nian Guan". After struggling with Nian for many years, people found that this beast was afraid of three things, red color, fire and noise. So on this day, people hung red mahogany boards on their doors, lit fires at the door, lit candles or oil lamps, and the whole family ate the "New Year’s Eve" together, staying up all night, knocking and beating, hoping to spend the "Year’s Eve" safely.

"Nian" broke into the village, saw every family with red and fire, heard the deafening noise, and ran back to the mountains in fear. As the night passed, people congratulated each other and celebrated the victory. At this time in winter, every family will stick red paper couplets on their doors, light lanterns, beat gongs and drums and set off firecrackers and fireworks. At night, vigil all night; The next day, I congratulated each other early in the morning. This has been handed down from generation to generation, and it has become a "New Year".

These customs have been passed down from generation to generation and become what we see today:

paste up Spring Festival couplets

The Spring Festival couplets originated from ancient peach symbols, and Ying Shao’s Customs and General Meaning and Zong Gu’s Chronicle of Jingchu’s Years are all loaded with peach symbols on New Year’s Eve. In the Song Dynasty, it was a common folk custom to hang peach symbols in the New Year. "Tokyo Dream of China Record" contains: "In recent years, the door gods, Zhong Kui, peach boards and peach symbols are printed and sold in the streets." Writing poems on Taofu, the legend began in Meng Chang of Shu after the Five Dynasties. The couplet he wrote, "New Year’s Eve in Qing Yu, Jiajie Day in Changchun", became the origin of Spring Festival couplets. Since the Ming Dynasty, people began to write couplets in red paper and post them on the portal on New Year’s Eve, completing the evolution from peach symbols to Spring Festival couplets, which were mainly used to express their aspirations, feelings and wishes, and became a popular New Year symbol with the function of welcoming auspicious and festive atmosphere of Naji.

stay up late or all night on New Year’s Eve

The ancients said that New Year’s Eve was "a night of double years, and even two years". Keeping the New Year’s Eve is one of the most important activities. Watching the New Year is the custom of staying up late to welcome the new year without sleeping on the last night of the old year, which is also called "endure the new year". The custom of observing the old age has a long history. The local customs in the Western Jin Dynasty said: "On New Year’s Eve, Da Dan didn’t sleep, which is called observing the old age." Keeping the old year, nostalgic for the old year and welcoming the new year, not only have nostalgia for the years that have passed away like water, but also have a good hope for the coming new year.

Eat new year’s eve dinner

As the highlight of New Year’s Eve, every household should prepare a sumptuous New Year’s Eve dinner, which symbolizes reunion, condenses the family’s affection and contains a unique taste of a family, also known as "reunion dinner" and "family fun". In the deep heart of Chinese, everyone has a table of family reunion dinner. On New Year’s Eve, northerners make jiaozi and southerners make rice cakes. Dumplings are shaped like "Yuanbao" and rice cakes sound like "Niangao", which are good signs of good luck. Because "fish" is homophonic with "Yu" and symbolizes auspiciousness, "no fish will make a meal", and on New Year’s Eve, the dish of fish can’t be finished, which means that there is more than enough every year.

Squeeze the age

When guarding the old age, the elders also give the younger generation lucky money. "Old" and "precious" are homophonic, and elders hope that lucky money can drive away evil spirits and avoid disasters, and bless children to grow up safely and healthily. The earliest "lucky money" appeared in the Han Dynasty, called "winning money". This kind of coin is not used for circulation, but a coin-shaped ornament for viewing and wearing. Auspicious words are generally cast on the front of "Winning Money", such as "Peace in the Four Seasons", "Good Travel" and "Happy Family". On the back, there are various patterns of folk auspicious animals and birds, such as dragon and phoenix, tortoise and snake, Pisces, sword fighting, stars, bats and deer. During the Spring Festival in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, elders would give children some copper coins to play with, in order to be safe and auspicious. This custom has always been popular. It was only in the Ming and Qing Dynasties that "lucky money" got its official name. Like Yu Pei, "lucky money" was worn as an ornament to ward off evil spirits and keep peace. In the Republic of China, the function of "lucky money" accessories to ward off evil spirits officially withdrew from the historical stage and was replaced by real money.

make dumplings

The most popular Spring Festival food in the north is jiaozi. Before the Song Dynasty, jiaozi was called a "corner" or a "water corner"; The name of "flat food" began in the Yuan Dynasty. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the word "jiaozi" has been widely used. "jiaozi" is homophonic "Jiaozi", which means Jiaozi, symbolizing the arrival of the Spring Festival. On New Year’s Eve, when jiaozi is wrapped, people begin to cook jiaozi, making it the first meal of the New Year, also known as "jiaozi in the first day", which means "alternating the old with the new and making friends at a younger age".

New year’s eve poetry

Shou sui

Song Sushi

If you want to know how old you are, there are snakes that go to the valley.

The scaling is half gone, so who can cover it?

The situation wants to tie its tail, although it is diligent and helpless.

Children are forced not to sleep, and they are happy at night.

Don’t sing the morning chicken, but you are more afraid of adding trouble.

After sitting for a long time, the lights fell and I looked at the big dipper.

There will be no year next year, and my worries will be wasted.

Try your best to make it this evening, and the teenager can still boast.

Yuanri

Song Wang Anshi

The roar of firecrackers, the old one year has passed; The warm spring breeze came to the new year, and people drank happily the newly brewed tu su wine.

The rising sun sheds light on doors of each household, New peachwood charm is put up to replace the old.

Snow removal at night

Song luyou

At the beginning of the fourth day, the north wind brought a heavy snow; The auspicious snow that god has given us comes on new year’s eve, and signs a good harvest in the coming year.

Filled with half a cup of wine in the cup still before time to raise celebration, I still in the lamp with grass font to write to write the spring festival taofu.

Jia Yin’s Miscellaneous Books for the Night (Part III)

Ming Wen Zhiming

When people are busy on New Year’s Eve, I choose old poems by myself.

Mo Xiao scholar is too pedantic, and a year’s work is a literary word.

First trial: Xu Mengxian

Final review: Huang Xiaoru

Original title: "New Year’s Eve: Traveling thousands of miles, only for this moment of reunion"

Read the original text

Hu Linjuan (data map)

Communist party News Network, Beijing, December 13 (Reporter Ethan) The website of Anhui Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection recently published the confessions of Hu Linjuan, former vice mayor of Ningguo City. Hu Linjuan said in the confession, "On December 1, 2016, I was notified by Xuancheng Supervision Bureau to accept the investigation. When I first came, I vowed that I had no problems, but now it seems that I am not without problems, but there are many and serious violations of discipline. "

Hu Linjuan said that during the 20-odd nights under investigation, she often dreamed of going home to see her mother at night. Her old man said to me the most: "Girl, it is not easy for you to get to today’s leadership position. Don’t take other people’s things." Such a simple truth, until now, I suddenly realized that I failed to keep the bottom line, distorted my values, and slipped further and further on the wrong road.

The full text of the confession is as follows:

Resume:Hu Linjuan, female, born in January 1964, Han nationality, yi county, Anhui Province, holds a postgraduate degree. He joined the work in December 1982 and worked in Ningguo City (county) Taxation Bureau, Audit Bureau, Supervision Bureau and Finance Bureau successively. In January 2003, he served as member of the Standing Committee of Ningguo CPPCC and deputy director of Finance Bureau. In January 2007, he served as vice chairman of Ningguo CPPCC and deputy director of Finance Bureau. From September 2011 to December 2016, he served as deputy mayor of Ningguo Municipal Government (from June 2010 to March 2016) On December 15, 2016, he was removed from the post of deputy mayor of Ningguo Municipal Government.

Processing result:In July 2017, Hu Linjuan was dismissed from public office for violating political discipline, organizational discipline and relevant provisions of national laws and regulations. Her suspected crimes, clues and money involved have been transferred to judicial organs for legal treatment.

Confessions:

I was born in an intellectual family, and my parents are both teachers who teach by example. I am a non-party cadre, who has trained and educated me organizationally, trained me from a grass-roots general tax official to a leading cadre, and let me exercise in multiple departments and positions. In September, 2011, I took the leadership position of deputy mayor of Ningguo Municipal People’s Government, but I didn’t know how to cherish and care. Instead, I used my power for personal gain and regarded my leadership position as an "Shang Fang Sword" to seek personal interests. I ignored the care and concern of the party organization for a non-party cadre, failed the cultivation of the party organization, and failed the reuse of the party organization.

On December 1, 2016, I was informed by Xuancheng Supervision Bureau to accept the investigation. When I first came here, I vowed that I had no problems, but now it seems that I don’t have no problems, but there are many and serious violations of discipline. During the 20-odd days under investigation, with the patient guidance, help and education of the comrades of the investigation team, I reviewed the serious economic problems I had committed and reflected on why I had embarked on this serious violation of discipline. After carefully studying party constitution, the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary, especially the important exposition on comprehensively and strictly administering the Party and the series of articles on learning, thinking and practicing enlightenment, I deeply reflect and carefully analyze my mistakes and their deep-seated reasons, mainly in the following aspects:

Ignore theoretical study and relax the transformation of world outlook

During the more than 20 days and nights under investigation, I repeatedly asked myself what was wrong and where did it come from? Why do you always think that you are honest, self-disciplined and fair, and you don’t realize that you are on the road to corruption step by step. When I think about it carefully, I usually don’t pay attention to learning and relax the transformation of the world outlook, which is an important source that causes me to violate the bottom line of being a man today and embark on the road of violating discipline and law. The study of political theory, neither into the brain nor into the heart, mostly to complete the "task" in a formal way, the world outlook has not been transformed, how can it not be an accident? I didn’t change my worldview with the change of my post and the aggravation of my power, and I didn’t restrain my mind according to the requirements of party constitution’s party rules. I couldn’t strictly demand myself by the standards of a leading cadre. I went in the wrong direction, and the result was to go astray. During the 20-odd nights under investigation, I often dreamed of going home to see my mother at night. Her old man said the most words to me: "Girl, it’s not easy for you to get to today’s leadership position. Don’t take other people’s things." Such a simple truth, until now, I suddenly realized that I failed to keep the bottom line and distorted my values, which made me slip further and further on the wrong road.

The concept of power is gradually distorted, and the awareness of discipline and rules is weak.

Lack of awe of power. Looking back, I went from being bent on doing things, to making mistakes while doing things, and until today, I seriously violated discipline. This is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. I am greedy for money, lack of awe for power, and always swear that I am honest and clean, which is self-deception. The reason why I have come to this point today is that apart from not studying for a long time, I have no fear of organization and power, and I am used to this kind of corruption. I always feel that as long as I don’t take the initiative to find someone, the nature will not be so bad. At this moment, sitting here and seriously reflecting, I think I should completely put down my worries and strive for organizational leniency. The person who can save me is still myself.

Weak sense of discipline and rules. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has repeatedly applied for the strict implementation of the spirit of the eight central regulations as the "first shot" to improve the style of cadres, but I turned a deaf ear to this. During the Spring Festival from 2014 to 2016, the gift cards sent by the relevant units and individuals were not rejected. Discipline was not taken as a ruler, discipline and rules were not put in front, and the high standards and strict requirements of leading cadres were not used to measure their actions. On the other hand, the root cause of one’s behavior and mistakes lies in not putting the word "strict" in every word and deed, and forgetting the purpose requirement of "power for the people".

Avoidance of organizational supervision, weak organizational concept

As a leading cadre, I should have high standards and strict requirements for myself, and I should do everything I say and do according to the disciplinary requirements. I, on the other hand, failed to report the real estate when I declared my major personal matters, and did not declare the real estate that I settled in my son’s early years on the grounds that my son worked independently in other places. In August 2014, when the stock market was good, I put almost all my savings and investment income at home into the stock market. Because of the large amount of funds, I was worried about being supervised by the organization, so I borrowed other people’s accounts to trade stocks, which were not truthfully declared in the personal affairs of leading cadres. According to common sense, it is only necessary to explain the source of funds when trading stocks in my own account. In order to avoid organizational supervision, I intentionally borrow other people’s accounts to trade stocks. This behavior is not strict with myself, avoiding organizational supervision, and showing a weak organizational concept. It was not until I was investigated that I found that many things I had done in the past were violations of discipline and discipline. I sincerely repent to the organization and really touch the depths of my mind and soul.

Break the bottom line of honesty, and go against the wind and violate discipline

Looking back, it was a process of being paralyzed and corroded that I became familiar with those business executives and even had economic exchanges. On holidays, I accept money and goods from some business owners, always thinking that everyone is an old acquaintance, and I have helped them. People call again and again, which is also true. If they don’t accept it, they feel embarrassed. It is this confused idea that has caused me to break the bottom line of honesty and self-discipline again and again and touch the red line that I shouldn’t touch. In the face of the investigation, I sincerely repent and deeply realize the mistakes I made. I hope that the organization can help me, so as to learn from the past and save lives, and let me be reborn.

Ignore the violation of discipline and have the illusion of luck.

Since August 2016, cadres Cheng Jiabin and Wang Guosheng of Ningguo Finance Bureau and Liu Faming, member of the Standing Committee of Ningguo Municipal Committee and executive deputy mayor, have been investigated successively. During this period, I also wanted to confess my fault to the organization, but in the end it was luck that hurt me, as shown in the following:

Don’t treat your mistakes correctly, and make them worse. This time, in investigating the case of Ningguo, I always reported my luck, waited and watched, did not treat my disciplinary actions correctly, did not actively confess to the organization, and added mistakes, deleted the mobile phone numbers of those corporate bosses stored in my mobile phone, entrusted others to call and say hello, and used collusion to cover up my corruption. In the face of investigation, it is an instinct to protect myself with this skill, but now it seems that it is not only ineffective, but also makes my wrong behavior worse. It’s really shocking to be investigated this time and reflect on your mistakes. Originally, I always stressed that I was influenced by the market economy development environment and didn’t reflect on my own problems. As everyone knows, internal factors are the key, and flies will not bite seamless eggs after all. Don’t study at ordinary times, do things dirty, and love takes advantage of small things, which will cause this situation today. In the face of the integrity of the comrades in the investigation team, I suddenly became so small, powerless and vulnerable.

I don’t have the courage to confess my mistakes to the organization and miss the opportunity. As a matter of fact, the organization gave me an opportunity several months ago, but I was stubborn and lucky. I didn’t take the initiative to confess my disciplinary behavior with the organization, and I made repeated mistakes and missed the opportunity. During the investigation, the comrades of the investigation team tried their best to enlighten me, educate me and help me, with the aim of saving me. Now, when I think of my intestines, I have to regret it. I want to cry, and I think of my family, but it is even more difficult to sleep and regret it.

I deeply feel the organization’s good intentions towards comrades who made mistakes. Although I confessed my mistakes to the organization, the pain in my heart will always exist. I am a cadre who has been trained by the organization for many years. I want to be loyal to the party. I don’t think I have developed to an irreparable level. I hope the organization can give me a chance to correct it.

During the period under investigation, I stayed up all night, seriously reflecting on my mistakes, and gradually changed from the original regret and self-blame to finding my own problems, and looking for reasons from the depths of my heart, the more I reflected on the lessons, the deeper I learned. I sincerely thank the organization for its educational help and the comrades of the investigation team for enlightening me, which gave me a chance to pull back from the brink. I’m not heinous and irreversible. I hope the organization will give me a chance to be reborn, and I will definitely repent and turn over a new leaf. At the same time, I will also take the initiative to hand over all illegal gains and strive for leniency. Think about the training of the organization, I feel deeply guilty, I am really sorry for the organization! Ask yourself, I have grown up to this day, which step is not the care and training of the organization? I still have deep feelings for the organization, hoping to get leniency from the organization.

I have little time to take care of my family members who have worked for me for a long time. I feel guilty when I think about it. My elderly mother, my unmarried son, my caring husband, my warm home. Mom, my daughter is unfilial!

related news

---

Wang Aihua (female), a cadre in charge of Anhui Province, was double-opened for serious violations of discipline.

Zhang Jiehui, deputy director of the Standing Committee of Hebei Provincial People’s Congress, was investigated for serious violation of discipline.

Illustration: Be alert! CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection has found more than ten new manifestations of the current "four winds" problem.

Liu Qiang, vice governor of Liaoning Province, was suspected of serious violation of discipline and accepted organizational review.

Lu Wei, former deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, was suspected of serious violation of discipline and accepted organizational review.

Less than one month after the conclusion of the 19th National Congress, the "first tiger" was laid, and the anti-corruption struggle never stopped.

Author Mao San

"Welcome China’s decision. It is only the beginning, and the road is still very long. " This is an excerpt from a reader’s comment in The Times of India, when China announced the cancellation of import tariffs on 28 kinds of medicines.

Let’s look at the British media writing in the article "China strives to lower drug prices, Indian pharmaceutical companies take advantage of the situation to come to China". "China has ambitiously launched drug procurement plans involving many cities to help reduce drug prices, which also opens up competitive opportunities for Indian drug manufacturers."

It is not difficult to find that with the gradual relaxation of national restrictions on imported drugs, especially after the introduction of the "4+7" procurement policy, India, known as the "world pharmaceutical factory", is eager to try the China market.

The bugle sounded and the army assembled. According to the data, since the "China-India Drug Regulatory Exchange Meeting" was held on June 21st, in less than two months, four Indian pharmaceutical giants have rushed to the China generic drug market.

One,Each has his own position and his own abacus.1. Sun Pharmaceutical: Expand its business in China in the next 6-9 months.

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, the largest pharmaceutical factory in India and the fourth largest generic drug company in the world, took the lead in taking action.

On June 28th, Kang Zhe Pharmaceutical (CMS), through its wholly-owned subsidiary, signed a license agreement with Sun Pharmaceutical for Tildrakizumab and 0.09% cyclosporine A eye drops respectively. These two products are prescription drugs for psoriasis biotherapy and dry eye treatment respectively.It is also the first time that Sun Pharmaceutical has been allowed to enter the China market.

According to the agreement, Kang Zhe Pharmaceutical has obtained the exclusive license right to develop and commercialize the above two products in Greater China. The initial period of the agreement is 20 years from the first listing and sale of the products in the region, and can be renewed in an interval of three years after mutual consent.

According to the latest cooperation announcement, the cooperation between the two sides on generic products has covered 8 products.Covering a potential market of about $1 billion in Chinese mainland.Next, the two sides will further expand and deepen cooperation in the pharmaceutical market in China.

Founded in 1983 by Dilip Shanghvi, Sun Pharmaceutical is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, and has 30,000 employees worldwide. It is the largest chronic prescription drug company in India. Dilip Shanghvi once topped India’s rich list with a net worth of $22.5 billion and became the famous "king of generic drugs".

Today, Sun Pharmaceutical has produced more than 2,000 varieties and sold them in 150 markets around the world, covering the treatment of diseases in cardiovascular, psychiatric, digestive, respiratory and other fields.

This cooperation is regarded as an important breakthrough for Sun Pharmaceutical to enter the China market. "China has more than 65% of the generic drug market, and we will expand our business in China within 6-9 months," Dilip Shanghvi publicly stressed.This business will contribute "a certain proportion" to Sun Pharmaceutical’s total sales of $4 billion within three years., currently almost zero.

2. Sipura: once again put the China market into the planning map.

Followed by Cipla, India’s second-ranked generic drug manufacturer, its respiratory drugs ranked first in India.

On July 16th, Cipla, the European branch of Sipura, announced that it would set up a joint venture with Jiangsu Chuangnuo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. as a branch of Sipura in China to build a production base of inhalant products. According to the agreement,The two sides will jointly invest 30 million US dollars,Among them, Sipura European Branch holds 80% of the shares, and Jiangsu Chuangnuo Pharmaceutical holds 20%.

The two sides of this cooperation have deep roots. As early as 2004, Sipura and Shanghai Chuangnuo Pharmaceutical Group jointly established Jiangsu Xidi Pharmaceutical. It was not until 2014 that Sipura sold its shares and withdrew from the joint venture company. Jiangsu Xidi was later renamed Jiangsu Chuangnuo.

Sipura was founded in 1935 by Abdullah Hamid. Its truly world-famous event was in 2001. In that year, when anti-AIDS drugs were still monopolized by a few patent giants around the world, Sipura reduced its anti-AIDS drugs to $350 per person per year in Africa, less than $1 per day on average.

At present, Sipura’s business lines span respiratory, antiretroviral, urinary, heart and central nervous system fields, includingA number of well-known anticancer drugs including Iressa, Gleevec and Trocquer.The company has 44 production bases and more than 1,500 products all over the world, covering more than 80 countries.

With the second cooperation with Chuangnuode, Sipura once again put the China market into its own planning map. "This cooperation in building a factory in China means that we have taken another important step," said Umang Vohra, global CEO of Sipura. China is an important direction for its development and will continue to explore various ways to establish a product portfolio including cancer drugs and other products in the future.

3. Strides Limited: A sales team of over 4,000 people will be promoted in China.

On July 29th, Sihuan Pharmaceutical Holding Group announced the establishment of a joint venture company with Indian pharmaceutical company Strides Limited to enter the China market to engage in drug registration and sales.

In this cooperation, both parties hold 51% and 49% shares respectively. Strides Limited will exclusively authorize Sihuan Medicine to register, declare, commercialize and distribute four major products in China, and it will supply them to the joint venture company through its manufacturing plants in India and Singapore.

According to public information, Strides Limited was established in 1990 and headquartered in Bangalore, India. The company has been listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India, and its sales and research and development product lines cover five major areas: cerebrovascular system, central nervous system, metabolism, tumor and diabetes. At present,It has seven production bases around the world, five of which have been certified by the US FDA.The other two are for emerging markets.

"The recent development of drug supervision in China has enabled differentiated high-quality generic drugs to be quickly approved, and itsThe portfolio with more than 140 products conforms to China application.Strides Limited said that after the four products of this cooperation, it can choose to further expand its product portfolio.

Next, Sihuan Medicine will use its sales team of more than 4,000 people and more than 3,000 distributors all over China to promote these four products.

4. Natco Pharma: The U.S. market is going down, seizing the opportunity to enter the China market.

On August 11th, Indian media reported that Natco Pharma hoped to expand its business scale in China in the face of the adversity of American generic drug market.

That is to say,Natco Pharma, the prototype manufacturer of the film Dying to Survive China-India Granin, will also officially enter the China market.As early as March this year, it was reported that Natco Pharma would cooperate with China institutions to start the BE clinical trial of Gefitinib.

Natco Pharma, founded in 1981.A well-known anticancer drug brand generic drug with many multinational pharmaceutical companies., including Novartis’s anticancer drug Gleevec, Novartis’s original research drug Zetai, AstraZeneca Iressa, Roche’s anticancer drug Trocquer, Bayer’s anticancer drug nexavar, and Gilead’s new scientific hepatitis C drug Propthone, etc.

Headquartered in Hyderabad, India, the top ten pharmaceutical company in Indian pharmaceutical industry started with a capital of only 3.3 million rupees (about 330,000 RMB). Today, it has 5,000 employees, 7 manufacturing plants and modern R&D laboratories around the world.

However, Natco Pharma’s main source of income depends largely on the United States.Take 2018 as an example. In this year, the US market contributed US$ 127 million to Natco, accounting for about 40% of the total revenue.

"It is hoped that the company will not only rely on the US market to get higher returns, but also the world, especially large developing countries, is a good strategy for the company to increase profits and share risks," said Rajeev Nannapaneni, vice chairman and CEO of Natco. It is time for Natco to enter the China market with the liberalization of policies and the reduction of tax rates.

Second,Desire for the China market

In fact, India has never stopped trying to enter the pharmaceutical market in China.

It is worth mentioning that in 1993, the Indian star company and the largest imitation pharmaceutical company, Rambosi, invested millions of rupees to set up a joint venture in China. Just,Due to strong barriers to entry, long-time commercial infrastructure and cost competition with local enterprises, Lamborghini finally withdrew.

Recently, since 2018, with the introduction of China’s "4+7" procurement policy, Indian pharmaceutical companies have once again tried to open the China market and accelerated their March:

In July 2018, India’s Anjovita Company invested 100 million US dollars to establish Anjovita Pharmaceutical Taizhou Co., Ltd.;

In December 2018, Alabin Pharmaceutical and Luoxin Pharmaceutical reached a cooperation to establish a joint venture in China to introduce high-quality and low-price drugs;

In February, 2019, China Reddy Laboratory Co., Ltd. applied for the bioequivalence test of clopidogrel bisulfate tablets to prepare for entering the market.

In this way, seven Indian pharmaceutical companies have definitely entered the China market in the past year. However, behind this swarming layout, it is reflected thatIn the past few decades, this huge Indian generic drug army sweeping the world has never been able to open up the China market.

According to statistics, during the period from April 2017 to March 2018, Indian pharmaceutical exports amounted to US$ 17.3 billion, of which 60% were exported to high-end markets such as Europe and America, and China only accounted for 1%.

Therefore, transnational illegal purchasing has always been the main way for Indian generic drugs to flow into China because they have not obtained the sales license in China. Behind this,The approval process is the biggest stumbling block for multinational pharmaceutical companies such as India to enter China.Because imported generic drugs are subject to clinical approval system, it takes several years to evaluate the consistency of a generic drug.

Take Sandoz, a generic drug subsidiary of Novartis, as an example. Its rosuvastatin tablet is the first imported generic drug approved for conformity evaluation in China. This drug was applied for clinical application in 2010, produced in 2014, and finally approved for conformity evaluation in 2019.The whole process lasted for ten years.

2018 should be an extraordinary year for Indian generic pharmaceutical companies. This year, thanks to the increasingly favorable conditions for importing generic drugs provided by a series of new drug administration reforms, India finally had the opportunity to set foot in China’s 100 billion generic drug market.

It is reported that at present, about 50 large Indian pharmaceutical companies have plans to enter the China market, looking for China partners, bringing their proud generic drugs to China and occupying the China market.

At present, the ambition of Indian generic pharmaceutical companies seems out of reach, but for domestic generic pharmaceutical companies, the days when they lie down and make money are completely over.