分类： ee

1. Heavy polluted weather with PM2.5 as the primary pollutant is harmful to health.

Interpretation: Polluted weather refers to the phenomenon of air pollution caused by the accumulation of pollutants in the air under unfavorable meteorological conditions such as no wind, inversion and high humidity. Heavily polluted weather generally refers to the air pollution phenomenon that the air quality index is greater than 200, that is, the ambient air quality reaches the level of heavy pollution and above. Heavy polluted weather with PM2.5 as the primary pollutant is commonly known as "smog". When heavy pollution weather may occur, the local government will issue early warning information.

PM2.5 in the atmosphere is the general name of all particles with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns, and its diameter is about one twentieth of that of hair. PM2.5 can stay in the atmosphere for a long time, is not easy to remove, and can adsorb a variety of harmful substances, easily inhaled into the deep respiratory tract, and some components can also enter the blood, which is harmful to human health.

At present, the sources and composition of PM2.5 are different in different regions of China. The main sources of PM2.5 include industrial emissions, coal-fired emissions, motor vehicle exhaust, garbage incineration, rural straw burning, construction and road dust. In addition, open-air barbecues, food cooking, forest fires and volcanic eruptions will also cause PM2.5 to accumulate in the air. Indoor PM2.5 is not only from outdoor air pollution, but also from indoor smoking and food cooking.

Second, the health hazards of heavily polluted weather include acute and chronic.

Interpretation: The acute harm of heavily polluted weather with PM2.5 as the primary pollutant is mainly manifested in symptoms such as cough, sore throat and eye irritation caused by inhaling pollutants in a short time. Heavy polluted weather can also induce acute attack or aggravation of chronic diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Seek medical attention if necessary.

Chronic hazards mainly include the effects on respiratory system and cardiovascular system. According to the World Health Organization, long-term and persistent heavy polluted weather can increase the risk of respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke. Heavy polluted weather can also affect people’s mood.

Third, when there is heavy pollution weather, personal protection should be done.

Interpretation: The public should pay attention to the local heavy pollution weather forecast and early warning information.

In case of heavily polluted weather, the exposure should be reduced as much as possible, and the main measures include:

1. The public should reduce outdoor activities.

2. Children, pregnant women, the elderly, patients with cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases should try to avoid outdoor activities.

3. Close the doors and windows in time, don’t smoke indoors, in addition, avoid cooking and other behaviors that may aggravate indoor air pollution. If no new fan is installed indoors, try to avoid the peak period of pollution according to the local air pollution situation, and open the window for ventilation once or twice a day for 10-20 minutes each time. If there are many people in the room and the space is small, the number of windows should be increased appropriately.

4. If conditions permit, air purification equipment can be used.

5. If you have to go out, you should minimize the time and intensity of outdoor activities and wear qualified masks; Wash your face and bare skin when you come back from going out.

Fourth, the correct choice and wearing of masks can reduce the impact of PM2.5 on human health.

Interpretation: The standard mask has good protective performance, which can effectively filter or block PM2.5 and greatly reduce the inhalation of harmful substances. When going out, it is recommended to give priority to masks marked with GB/T 32610-2016 standard.

Pay attention to wearing a mask correctly:

1. Ensure that the mask has a good fit with the face and does not leak.

2. It is suggested that the elderly, children and other special groups should choose masks with better comfort under the guidance of professionals or family members.

3. If the worn mask needs to be used again, it should be dried and put into a clean bag for collection.

4. Wear and replace the mask in strict accordance with the instructions for use.

Fifth, the correct use of air purification equipment is conducive to reducing the concentration of indoor PM2.5.

Interpretation: In heavily polluted weather, you should stay indoors as much as possible. When closing doors and windows, using air purification equipment is conducive to reducing the indoor PM2.5 concentration. Air purifier is a common air purification equipment. If conditions permit, especially in crowded places, we can consider installing new fans with high-efficiency filters.

When purchasing air purifiers, we should pay attention to selecting air purifiers that meet the national standards (GB/T 18801-2015 "Air Purifiers"), mainly referring to two types of indicators, namely, clean air volume (CADR) and cumulative purification volume (CCM). The applicable area of the purifier can be estimated by multiplying the particle CADR value by 0.1 (for example, the applicable area of an air purifier with a particle CADR of 300m3/h is about 30m2). The CCM value reflects the service life of the purification parts (the greater the CCM value, the longer the replacement or cleaning cycle of the purification parts).

Use the air purifier in strict accordance with the instruction manual, and pay special attention to:

1. The room should be closed as far as possible, and the periphery of the purifier should not be blocked, so as not to affect the air inlet and outlet.

2. First turn on the highest gear to purify the air quickly, and then use the silent gear to maintain the purification effect.

3. Open the window in time for indoor and outdoor air exchange.

4. The purification parts should be replaced or cleaned regularly according to the instruction manual.

6. Everyone should start from himself, save energy, care for the environment and reduce PM2.5 emissions.

Interpretation: Environment and health are closely related. Many diseases suffered by human beings are caused by environmental pollution, including air pollution. Protecting the environment means protecting human health. Reducing the harm of air pollution requires the joint efforts of the whole society. Everyone has the responsibility of caring for environmental sanitation and protecting the environment from pollution, and should actively cooperate with the state’s ecological environmental protection work and make contributions to preventing the harm of air pollution. Abide by the laws and regulations on environmental protection, abide by the social morality of paying attention to hygiene, consciously develop good habits of saving resources and not polluting the environment, and strive to create a clean, comfortable, quiet and beautiful environment. Advocate the use of public transportation, bicycles and other green modes of travel, prohibit indoor smoking, prohibit burning straw and garbage, reduce open-air barbecues and fireworks, adhere to a simple and moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle, and oppose extravagance and waste and unreasonable consumption.

Treating heavily polluted weather scientifically and rationally and adhering to a healthy and civilized lifestyle are beneficial to physical and mental health. For more information about personal protection in heavily polluted weather, please consult the official websites of National Health and Wellness Commission, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and China Health Education Center.

　　Policies to optimize epidemic prevention and control have been introduced in various places.

　　The Paper reporter noted that the Yangtze River Delta region has recently announced many party and government organs at all levels as an example, taking the lead in no longer checking negative nucleic acid certificates.

　　According to the news of "Zhejiang Publishing" WeChat WeChat official account on December 17th, the reporter learned from the meeting of the leading group for epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, Zhejiang Province held on December 17th that the meeting was clear: advocate "don’t do nucleic acid unless necessary, and don’t check the nucleic acid certificate unless necessary".

　　Zhejiang said that in addition to nursing homes, welfare homes, nurseries, primary and secondary schools and other places, in order to facilitate the masses to do things, party and government organs, enterprises and institutions at all levels in the province took the lead and no longer checked negative nucleic acid certificates. At the same time, the layout, scale and efficiency of the existing convenient nucleic acid sampling points remain unchanged, which is convenient for people in need to carry out nucleic acid testing.

　　Before Zhejiang, Hefei, Wuhu and other places in Anhui had introduced similar policies.

　　On the afternoon of December 15th, Yu Aihua, member of the Standing Committee of Anhui Provincial Party Committee and secretary of Hefei Municipal Party Committee, presided over the 139th video conference on epidemic prevention and control in the whole city. Hefei leaders Cheng Xuetao, Shan Hu, Liu Weibao and He Fengyang attended.

　　The meeting pointed out that at present, it is necessary to closely focus on serving people with fever symptoms, do a good job in prevention and control, take multiple measures and make preparations, and make every effort to ensure a safe, stable and orderly peak of the epidemic. According to the analysis of relevant experts, "the later the infection time, the smaller the possibility of serious illness." Therefore, the cadres of party member in the whole city should adhere to the duty of guarding the land, be responsible and do their duty, and let the cadres "suffer more" and let the masses "suffer less".

　　Among them, it is required to implement "two no inspections". First, for the convenience of citizens, party and government organs, enterprises and institutions at all levels in the city took the lead in not checking negative nucleic acid certificates. Second, in order to facilitate the public to see a doctor and ensure that all kinds of critically ill patients are treated in time, all medical institutions in the city will no longer check negative nucleic acid certificates.

　　According to "Wuhu Municipal People’s Government issued" WeChat WeChat official account news, on December 16th, the reporter learned from the Municipal Epidemic Prevention Office that Wuhu continued to optimize epidemic prevention measures. From now on, for the convenience of citizens, party and government organs, enterprises and institutions at all levels in the city will take the lead in not checking negative nucleic acid certificates.

　　On December 16th, "Ma ‘anshan Publishing" WeChat WeChat official account also published a message: On December 16th, the reporter learned from the Municipal Epidemic Prevention Office that from now on, party and government organs, enterprises and institutions at all levels in the city will no longer check negative nucleic acid certificates for the convenience of citizens.

　　editorial comment/note

　　Fatty liver has become the second largest liver disease after viral hepatitis in China. According to the epidemiological survey in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, the incidence of fatty liver in the local area is 15% ~ 20%. According to the conservative estimate of the national incidence rate of 18%, the number of people with fatty liver in China is 234 million, with an average age of only 40 years, and more and more patients are around 30 years old. The average incidence of fatty liver in some occupational groups (white-collar workers, taxi drivers, professional managers, individual owners, government officials, senior intellectuals, etc.) is 25%; The incidence of fatty liver in obese people and patients with type 2 diabetes is 50%; The incidence of fatty liver in sub-health people who often suffer from insomnia, fatigue and gastrointestinal dysfunction reaches 60%.

　　Experts pointed out that fatty liver is related to bad eating habits such as drinking, high-fat diet, convenience food, fried food and snacks. In addition, the fast pace of life of modern people and the reduction of exercise are also important reasons. Experts remind that although most patients with fatty liver usually have no bad feelings, they should pay attention to it to avoid falling into five common misunderstandings, and incorporate healthy diet management and reasonable exercise into their daily lives to prevent and control the occurrence and development of fatty liver and avoid fatty hepatitis and even cirrhosis.

　　■ Smell and sing

　　Recently, when attending a class reunion, a group of middle-aged people mentioned the fact that many people were diagnosed with mild or moderate fatty liver every year, not only these working middle-aged people, but even young people in their twenties and thirties are constantly joining the ranks, which makes everyone confused. Is there something wrong with our daily life?

　　At present, it is an indisputable fact that the incidence of fatty liver is getting higher and younger. According to the epidemiological survey in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, the local incidence of fatty liver is 15% ~ 20%. According to the conservative estimate of the national incidence of 18%, the number of people suffering from fatty liver in China is 234 million.

　　If you don’t drink, eat meat or get fat, why can you get fatty liver?

　　Hu Chengheng, chief physician of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, pointed out that fatty liver has become the second largest liver disease after viral hepatitis in China. The average incidence of fatty liver in some occupational groups (white-collar workers, taxi drivers, professional managers, individual owners, government officials, senior intellectuals, etc.) is 25%; The incidence of fatty liver in obese people and patients with type 2 diabetes is 50%; The incidence of fatty liver in alcoholics and alcoholics was 58%. The incidence of fatty liver in sub-health people who often suffer from insomnia, fatigue and gastrointestinal dysfunction reaches 60%. In recent years, the age of people with fatty liver has been declining, the average age is only 40 years old, and there are more and more patients around 30 years old, and the fatty liver in men under 45 years old is obviously more than that in women.

　　As we all know, fatty liver is equated with drinking and high-fat diet, but what puzzles many people is why they get into this disease when they obviously don’t drink and eat meat very much. Cai Haodong, chief physician of beijing ditan hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, believes that not drinking alcohol can also lead to liver diseases, and the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver is 9% ~ 46%. Most of them are simple fatty liver, mostly asymptomatic, and there is no inflammatory change in the liver, so the liver function is normal and the condition is stable.

　　Yuan Xiaoying, chief physician of the Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, believes that fatty liver is first related to diet. Nowadays, people’s lives are getting richer and richer, and it is inevitable that they will touch alcohol and high-fat food in their diet. However, modern people like to stay up late and work overtime, and they have to add meals at night when they work overtime, which are often convenience foods, fried foods and snacks. These are all bad eating habits; In addition, modern people have a fast pace of life, do not have much time to go out for exercise, and the amount of exercise is reduced, which is also the reason why the onset age of fatty liver is getting younger and younger and the incidence rate is getting higher and higher.

　　Because many people who have been diagnosed with fatty liver have no bad feelings, they don’t really care. Shi Lei, deputy chief physician of hepatobiliary surgery in Xi ‘an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, reminded that doctors advocate early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of fatty liver, especially steatohepatitis, which is not a simple fatty liver, but accompanied by inflammatory activities of the liver, and the hardness of the liver is also increasing. If not actively treated, fatty liver can also develop into cirrhosis, causing adverse consequences.

　　Fatty liver is a common "five misunderstandings". Have you been recruited?

　　Zhao Gan, a nutritionist at Beijing You ‘an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, reminds you that even if you usually pay great attention to diet and health care, you may walk into the following five misunderstandings about fatty liver.

　　Myth 1: Fatty liver is neither painful nor itchy, so you can leave it alone. Fatty liver is mainly divided into alcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic fatty liver, and mild fatty liver is easier to cure. However, if it develops to a serious stage, it may also lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Even with active treatment, the diseased liver is unlikely to return to normal.

　　Myth 2: Only obese people get fatty liver, but thin people don’t. Fatty liver is not a "patent" for fat people. Some office workers are sedentary, resulting in excessive visceral fat and central obesity. Although their limbs are not fat and their trunks are not bloated, they are exposed as soon as they take off their clothes, and they are also prone to fatty liver.

　　Myth 3: Fatty liver is eaten, and you only need to control your diet. To get fatty liver, you don’t just need to control your diet. You also need to quit smoking and drinking and strengthen exercise. Exercise is an important way to treat fatty liver, especially for obese friends. Generally, low-intensity aerobic exercise is more suitable, such as brisk walking, jogging and swimming. However, it should not be too intense. If the amount of exercise is too large, it may affect the liver function and aggravate the condition.

　　Myth 4: Fatty liver patients eat more fruits, the better. Fresh fruit is rich in vitamins and minerals, and is rich in dietary fiber. Regular consumption is good for health, but the more you eat, the better. Because of the high sugar content of fruit, eating too much for a long time can lead to the increase of blood sugar and blood lipid, and even induce obesity. In addition, eating only fruits and vegetables instead of staple food will make patients with fatty liver more hungry, have disordered metabolism and unstable blood sugar level, which will aggravate fatty liver. Therefore, people with fatty liver should not eat more fruits, just in moderation, and should choose to eat between meals.

　　Myth 5: Fast weight loss can reduce fatty liver. Some obese friends have fatty liver, and often take "hunger therapy" to lose weight quickly. In fact, losing weight too fast is often harmful. If it exceeds the metabolic capacity of the body, it will damage the liver function and aggravate the condition. For most patients, the reasonable weight loss goal is about 0.5 kg/week.

　　With fatty liver, how to scientifically "shut up"?

　　Zhao Yaping, a nutritionist at Beijing You ‘an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, believes that in the occurrence of fatty liver, dietary behavior is the first to bear the brunt, and managing food intake has become the most important thing to prevent and control the occurrence and development of fatty liver.

　　1. Dining system. 4-5 meals a day, 3 main meals and 1-2 extra meals. You can eat fruits and vegetables, yogurt and nuts during meals, so that you won’t be too hungry to eat too many calories at one time, and effectively control your appetite and food intake.

　　2. Slow down the meal. Eating slowly can reduce the amount of meals and increase the satisfaction after meals. There are many ways to slow down the meal, such as adding a pause in the middle, reducing the volume of each bite of food and increasing the number of chews. A study among men in China shows that chewing 40 times before swallowing can reduce the amount of meals by 11.9% compared with chewing 15 times.

　　3. Appropriately increase the intake of protein. High-protein foods make people feel fuller than foods rich in carbohydrates, thus suppressing appetite. This minimal effect on hunger helps to reduce the overall energy intake. High-protein foods mainly include four categories: meat (poultry, livestock, fish and shrimp, etc.), eggs, milk and soybeans.

　　4. Appropriately increase dietary fiber intake. Dietary fiber is easy to produce satiety, and at the same time, it can slow down the emptying speed of food in the stomach and maintain a longer satiety. Foods rich in dietary fiber include oats, corn, sweet potatoes, whole wheat bread, green leafy vegetables and low-sugar fruits. Oats, corn and sweet potatoes can be used to replace polished rice flour and whole wheat bread instead of ordinary bread in food collocation.

　　5. Reasonable eating order. Eat the big one first, then eat the small one; Eat liquid first, then eat solid; Eat low-calorie food first, then high-calorie food. Vegetables are large and low-calorie foods and should be eaten in front; Soups are easy to feel full and can be drunk before meals; Meat and staple food are high in calories and can be eaten at the back.

　　6. Healthy drinking water. It is suggested that you can choose boiled water, light tea, etc., and refuse sugary drinks and juice. Because fruit juice has high sugar content and good taste, it is easy to "drink addiction" and drink too much, which is not conducive to controlling calorie intake.

　　This report is compiled in accordance with Article 50 of the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Openness of Government Information (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information).

　　I. General situation

　　(A) continue to expand the initiative to open

　　Effectively strengthen organizational leadership, strictly implement the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information, adhere to the principle of serving the people, intensify the disclosure of government information such as normative documents, final accounts of budgets, performance management and policy interpretation, and disclose relevant information on the official website of the Bureau to ensure that the disclosure content is comprehensive, accurate and detailed.

　　The first is to make decision-making public. Through the "Policy Document Solicitation Column" of the Capital Window, the Bureau’s website and new media, the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (Draft for Public Comment) and the Opinions of Beijing Intellectual Property Office on Further Strengthening the Public Service of Intellectual Property Rights (Draft for Comment) were publicly solicited from the public, and timely feedback was given.

　　The second is to make the policy public. To achieve synchronous organization, synchronous drafting, synchronous review and release of normative documents and interpretation materials. When interpreting the policy, the background basis, objectives and tasks, main contents, scope and implementation standards of the policy measures are interpreted in detail. When the document is published, the relevant interpretation materials and documents are published simultaneously on the portal website of our bureau. Grasp the education and training, carry out more than 110 policy presentations in conjunction with industrial alliances, industry associations, key parks, government service centers, etc., preach patent pre-examination, rapid rights protection, funding and other services, train nearly 10,000 enterprises, and guide enterprises to make good use of relevant policies on intellectual property rights.

　　The third is to make the implementation public. The implementation of key tasks, performance tasks and key tasks in the work report of the municipal government undertaken by the public on a regular basis. Disclosure of administrative law enforcement responsibilities, law enforcement basis, law enforcement procedures, supervision channels and law enforcement results and other information, publication of administrative law enforcement statistics annual report, disclosure of patent infringement dispute handling case information, administrative punishment information, patent agencies and patent agents random inspection results.

　　The fourth is to make key areas public. Continue to promote the construction of the platform, and set up a column to centralize and continuously disclose the information on the pilot of intellectual property insurance and the multi-mediation of intellectual property disputes. Conscientiously implement the regulations of this Municipality on optimizing the business environment, and actively disclose information in key areas such as "One Netcom Office".

　　(2) Standardize the handling of disclosure upon application.

　　Strengthen the standardization of government information management, improve the working mechanism of disclosure according to applications, standardize working procedures, refine the case handling process, and clearly define the acceptance, transfer and feedback mechanisms to ensure timely response. Ensure that letters, online application acceptance channels and consultation telephones are unblocked, cite the provisions of the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information in the reply notice, clearly indicate the relief channels, and ensure that the reply form is standardized. In 2021, a total of 6 public documents were received, and all of them were answered.

　　(C) improve the mechanism to improve the quality of publicity

　　Standardize the public procedures and implement the confidentiality review of government information disclosure. Strictly control the content, review and release of new media numbers, strengthen positive online publicity, and adhere to the correct political direction, public opinion orientation and value orientation. Improve the quality of publicity and establish a daily and regular inspection mechanism for public information. We will carry out public opinion monitoring, early warning and judgment on intellectual property rights, and do a good job in responding to public opinion about intellectual property emergencies. Improve the supervision mechanism for the implementation of information disclosure responsibility, promote the implementation of the whole process of information disclosure responsibility, incorporate information disclosure work into the focus of supervision, carry out regular supervision and inspection, and promote the implementation of tasks.

　　Second, the initiative to disclose government information

　　Iii. Receiving and handling applications for government information disclosure

　　Four, the government information disclosure of administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation.

　　V. Main Problems and Improvements

　　First, the degree of openness and accuracy of government affairs needs to be continuously deepened. Improvement measures: adhere to the service-oriented principle, actively push policy information to the corporate public through websites, WeChat WeChat official account, policy training and other channels in a timely manner, provide policy interpretation, realize accurate customization and delivery of policy information, and focus on publicity in the field of intellectual property public services.

　　Second, the training of information disclosure needs to be continuously strengthened. Improvement measures: further strengthen publicity, education and training, organize the study of the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information and other relevant regulations, improve cadres’ ideological understanding, improve the enthusiasm and initiative of information submission, and improve the quality of information disclosure.

　　Vi. Other matters that need to be reported

　　In 2021, the number and total amount of charge notices issued by our bureau and the total amount actually collected were all 0.

　　The official website of Beijing Intellectual Property Office is http://zscqj.beijing.gov.cn/. For more information about the government, please visit it.

　　[Editor’s Note] In order to solve the problem that patent achievements are difficult to be transformed and applied, Taiwan Province has implemented the Industrialization Plan for Invention Patents. 2015 is the last year of the implementation of the plan, and the implementation effect has initially appeared. By establishing a unified basic platform to promote the communication and exchange between obligees and manufacturers, and setting up a patent value-added counseling and consulting center to strengthen active service, the efficiency of patent transformation can be effectively improved. This issue of Express introduces the background, process, main contents and effects of the Plan for Industrialization of Invention Patents in Taiwan Province, and summarizes its effective measures.

　　First, the background and problems of intellectual property strategy in Taiwan Province

　　(A) Taiwan Province intellectual property policy development background

　　Limited by the natural environment and resources, Taiwan Province has long regarded technology import and export orientation as the basis of its economic development. The protection of intellectual property rights and related management and development focus on how to strengthen technology input to enhance regional production capacity. This thinking led to the neglect of independent R&D achievements in the early days in Taiwan Province, and it was at a disadvantage in the intellectual property market for a long time.

　　In 1990s, in order to prepare for China’s entry into the World TRIPS Organization, the Patent Law, Trademark Law and Copyright Law in Taiwan Province were revised to varying degrees. In addition, in 1995 and 1996, the Law on the Protection of Integrated Circuit Layout and the Law on Business Secrets were promulgated, and the system of intellectual property protection in Taiwan Province was basically improved. In January, 1999, the Intellectual Property Bureau was established in Taiwan Province to manage patents, trademarks, copyrights, layout-design of integrated circuits and other intellectual property businesses in a unified way, and to strengthen intellectual property administration. In July, 2008, the Intellectual Property Court was established in Taiwan Province, which has unified jurisdiction over the trial of administrative, civil and criminal cases of patent rights, trademark rights, copyrights and trade secrets, thus effectively controlling the disadvantages of lengthy judicial procedures for intellectual property rights.

　　(B) Problems and Dilemma of Intellectual Property Development in Taiwan Province

　　First, there is a fault between scientific research and development and production. In recent years, the R&D investment in science and technology in Taiwan Province has gradually increased, and the R&D output has also made great progress. The ranking of international academic papers and patents in Taiwan Province has been improved, but these scientific research achievements have not fully played their role in the industries involved and the overall economic development. Since 2005, Taiwan Province has ranked fourth in the world in the number of patents approved in the United States, but its influence is not satisfactory.

　　Second, the patent transformation of R&D units faces different problems. Due to the lack of experience in popularizing patent technology transformation, some research institutions and universities need external resources to help promote the industrialization of R&D achievements. At present, some public universities are only authorized because of the unclear provisions of laws and regulations on punishment and transfer. Some enterprises need to be assisted by intellectual property services and cooperative trading platforms, and large enterprises lack patent technology to defend and counter when facing international litigation because of their long-term operation mode of entrusted manufacturing. Personal R&D achievements are usually insufficient in capital and manpower investment, and the ability of technology transformation is low.

　　Third, the patent layout is insufficient to adapt to the increasingly prosperous patent "mine". As mentioned above, due to the long-term neglect of independent development, enterprises generally have weak independent research and development capabilities, and most enterprises lack core or important patented technologies in product-related fields. With the increasing attention of the international community to intellectual property rights, the protection and layout of intellectual property rights has become a stage for competition among enterprises. In addition to the patent fees, manufacturers with core patented technologies may also require the derivative benefits of products manufactured by authorized patents after listing and sales, and the proportion of the fees may sometimes be as high as 15% to 40% of the selling price of the products, thus greatly diluting the profit space of manufacturers. According to the report "Current Situation and Review of Science and Technology Development in Taiwan Province" published in 2012, Taiwan Province spends about NT$ 400 billion on R&D every year, and the number of patents per capita ranks first in the world, and the total amount ranks fifth in the world. However, there is a big gap between these scientific research investments and industrial demand, which leads enterprises to pay more than NT$ 100 billion in licensing fees to buy patents every year.

　　Second, the specific content of the "industrialization plan for invention patents"

　　In order to fully transform innovation ability into productivity and further strengthen the overall economic development of the region, Taiwan Province put forward the Industrialization Scheme of Invention Patents in the Five-year Plan of Four Intelligent Industry Policies.

　　The first is to clarify the definition of "invention patent" and "invention patent industrialization". According to the third paragraph of Article 2 of the Industrialization Plan for Invention Patents, the "invention patents" mentioned in this plan include patents and technologies obtained by research institutions, schools, enterprises and individuals. "Industrialization of invention patents", that is, the transformation of patent achievements, refers to the process of creating economic benefits through the use of patented technology. After the patent is authorized, it needs to go through the following industrialization process to create economic benefits: patent value and market evaluation and operation planning; Examine the patent technology layout of the industrial chain, and combine relevant patents or technologies to increase the feasibility of the patent being used; Transaction marketing activities such as transfer authorization, transfer or technical cooperation; Activities such as technical verification, entrepreneurship cultivation services and financing loans required for the development of products or undertakings.

　　The second is the content of promoting industrialization. According to the Plan for Industrialization of Invention Patents, the specific measures include: setting up a patent value-added counseling and consulting center, counseling commercialization verification services, strengthening the service function of Taiwan Technology Marketplace (hereinafter referred to as TWTM platform), integrating counseling resources to guide enterprise patent commercialization, counseling or subsidizing individual patent entrepreneurship to cultivate or develop new products, and strengthening the commercialization of research and development results of scientific special projects; In addition, according to the individual needs of patent technology owners, customized intensive counseling measures.

　　-setting up a patent value-added counseling and consulting center. Establish a patent value-added counseling and consulting center through TWTM platform, establish a database of expert consultants, and provide patentees with patent commercialization counseling for individual cases. Use TWTM platform online evaluation software or other patent value evaluation methods to evaluate patent technology and market potential and screen patents with commercialization potential. Provide value-added counseling for patents with commercialization potential screened by expert consultants, enhance the application potential of patents through value-added and combination of patents, or assist in applying for resources such as "instant technical counseling plan for SMEs".

　　-Counseling commercial verification services. From the source of cases counseled by the Patent Value-added Counseling and Consulting Center, the patents that have been used to develop prototypes are screened out, assisted by expert consultants to provide patent commercialization verification services, and the technology and equipment of Industry-University-Research institutions are integrated to provide patent commercialization verification services in collaboration. According to the technical development stage and demand of each patent prototype, provide verification services such as engineering, design or product. Through commercial verification service, the feasibility of mass production of patented prototype is revised and confirmed, the risk of production and development is reduced, and the patented prototype is guided to become a product with more commercial value.

　　-strengthen the service function of the technology transaction integration service center. Through patent collection, more tradable patents will be uploaded to TWTM platform. In addition, potential patents of individuals and small and medium-sized enterprises will be actively explored to increase the source of patent trading cooperation or patent commercialization; At the same time, collect the patent demand of the industry, understand the demand information of the patent technology demander, and further strengthen the patent cooperation supply and demand of TWTM platform. Hold patent intermediary promotion activities through TWTM platform, such as technology trading cooperation negotiation meeting, patent open granting activity, international technology trade exhibition or promotion interview with specific objects, etc., to enhance the probability of patent cooperation or commercialization.

　　-integrating counseling resources to guide the commercialization of enterprise patents. Make full use of existing counseling resources, provide integrated information on R&D counseling plans, and assist patent owners in patent commercialization and industrialization. The promotion measures are as follows: expand the use of existing R&D project counseling plans, assist patents with commercialization and industrialization potential, research and develop business plans and research and development plans, and accelerate their research and development of patented technologies, so as to achieve commercialization and industrialization; Using special loan plan to assist the commercialization and commercialization of patents, financing and credit guarantee; Introduce venture capital companies and expand the sources of funds for patent commercialization and industrialization.

　　-provide intensive counseling measures according to individual needs. In view of the problems faced by smaller research institutions, schools, enterprises and individuals in the process of patent industrialization, intensive counseling measures are provided. For small-scale research institutions and schools, experts and consultants are sent to conduct in-depth consultation and visit, evaluate trading methods and value-added portfolio opportunities, and help seek potential cooperative trading partners. Use TWTM platform to provide services such as trade talks and public transfer activities in the technical field to enhance cooperation opportunities. Provide cooperative trading guidance for large enterprises, use TWTM platform to assist them in trading non-core patents, and use IP Bank fund mechanism to accelerate industrial chain enterprises to jointly obtain patents needed for litigation and strengthen their litigation ability. In addition to providing value-added counseling for small and medium-sized enterprises and seeking potential partners, they will also use the technical field of TWTM platform to enhance cooperation opportunities, and at the same time provide industrial operation counseling: developing industrial operation planning, technical verification or developing new products, and financing and other related services to enhance the probability of patent commercialization. For individuals, we will provide value-added counseling for consultants and use services such as technical field trade talks and public transfer activities on TWTM platform to enhance cooperation opportunities. Assist in the use of government counseling resources, such as providing business plans for developing industrialization, technical verification or developing new products, and assisting in providing financing-related resources.

　　III. Achievements of the Patent Industrialization Plan

　　(1) Expected results

　　With the implementation of the Industrialization Plan for Invention Patents in Taiwan Province, it is estimated that by 2015, 470 patents will be obtained, 6,900 entrepreneurs will participate in industry-university cooperation, 3,200 cases will be visited by expert consultants, 960 patent technology operation plans or verification services will be developed, 3,400 patents will be assisted in value-added portfolio services, and 5,700 patents will be transferred and authorized. Driven by the above achievements, it is estimated that by 2015, 39,000 jobs will be created, private investment will be driven by NT$ 20 billion, and economic benefits will be derived by NT$ 113 billion.

　　(II) Actual results

　　According to the statistics of 2013, 3,016 cases of consulting and visiting services have been completed since the implementation of the Industrialization Scheme of Invention Patents in 2010. 725 business plans or verification services have been completed; A total of 2,392 pieces of patented technology were added; 5,130 manufacturers have completed industry-university cooperation; 4,676 cases of transactions such as authorization and transfer were completed; Promote employment of 40,229 people; Drive private investment of 19.2494 billion yuan; Derived economic benefits amounted to NT$ 76.006 billion.

　　Fourth, summary

　　The effect of implementing "Industrialization Scheme of Invention Patents" in Taiwan Province has initially appeared, and its effective measures are as follows.

　　First, establish a unified basic platform to promote exchanges between rights holders and manufacturers. In the process of implementing the patent industrialization scheme, all measures are carried out on a single TWTM platform, through which the obligee and the manufacturer can communicate and communicate patent industrialization clearly and directly, which saves the cost and inconvenience caused by inquiring counterparts and multiple channels, and is also conducive to policy promotion and publicity.

　　The second is to set up specialized agencies to take the initiative to help promote the industrialization process. During the implementation of the patent industrialization plan, the Patent Value-added Counseling and Consulting Center, as the main responsible unit, specially assists the obligee and the manufacturer in matters such as patent value-added, combination and evaluation. At the same time, in order to improve the patent industrialization rate, it will also strengthen the role of its own platform by actively publicizing, actively search for patents with transformation potential, and improve the probability of valuable patents’ transformation and application, thus improving the efficiency of policy implementation, instead of passively accepting consultation and passively providing services. (Shi Liyu, Peking University International Intellectual Property Research Center)

　　This article only represents the opinions of experts in the research base and may not be reproduced without permission.

Android China February 10 news, on November 11, 1998, Ma Huateng founded Tencent with friends in Shenzhen. In the previous year, Ma Huateng came into contact with ICQ and kept its inspiration. Tencent launched QQ, an instant social software, on February 10, 1999, which opened a new social application chapter in Chinese. Now, QQ is celebrating its 18th anniversary.

Everyone knows that the predecessor of QQ is QICQ, so how many versions of QQ do you remember having used? Let’s review it together!

In April 2000, the number of QQ users registered reached 5 million; At 20: 43 pm on May 27th, the number of simultaneous online users of QQ exceeded 100,000 for the first time. In June, the number of registered users of QQ exceeded 10 million.

On January 31st, 2001, NetValue announced the ranking of Internet websites and entities in five Asian countries and regions, including data from Hong Kong, China SAR, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, China and Chinese mainland, ranking 6th in China. In February of the same year, Tencent QQ online users successfully broke through the 1 million mark, and the number of registered users has increased to 50 million.

In March 2002, the number of registered QQ users exceeded 100 million, and in October of the same year — In December, the first "Q Human Q Life" QQ Star Trial was successfully held, which further integrated the QQ image into the lives of modern young people.

Launched "QQ Game" in August 2003; In September, it ranked 29 th in the "Top 100 Taxpayers of Private Enterprises" nationwide; In October, Tencent was rated as one of the "websites with the largest market value" in China. In September of the same year, the number of registered QQ users rose to 200 million. On September 9, the launch of enterprise-level real-time communication product "RTX" was grandly announced in Kerry Center, Beijing. In December, it was once again recognized as "the key software enterprise in Shenzhen in 2003".

In April 2004, the number of registered users of QQ reached a new peak, breaking through the 300 million mark. June 16th is a moment worthy of Tencent’s pride. On the main board of Hong Kong, a new share with the stock code of 700HK was unveiled. The new share is called Tencent Holdings Limited. On October 22nd, in the large-scale survey of "Top 100 Commercial Websites in China in 2004", Tencent ranked first in the vote rate, ahead of Sina, Sohu, Netease and other portals. At the same time, Tencent was also rated as one of the "Top 5 Websites with the Largest Market Value" in China. Tencent TT(Tencent Traveler) was launched on October 27th of the same year. It ranks fourth in Alexa’s domestic portal, and ranks third or fourth in the home page and three major channels.

On February 16th, 2005, the number of online users of Tencent QQ exceeded 10 million for the first time. In November, the number of online users of QQ Fantasy exceeded 500,000, and it was also included in the second batch of "China National Online Game Publishing Project" evaluated by the General Administration of Press and Publication.

On January 25th, 2006, QQ Fantasy and QQ Pet were selected as the second batch of online games products suitable for minors by the Ministry of Culture. In May, with the implementation of the "Shenzhen Intellectual Property Advantage Promotion Plan", Tencent was recognized as "Shenzhen Intellectual Property Advantage Enterprise" on May 16, 2006, becoming one of the first enterprises to receive this title. At the same time, Huawei, BYD, ZTE, Skyworth and other companies also won this title, and Tencent ranked fourth.

On July 13, 2007, Tencent QQ also exceeded 30 million online; On August 9, at the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Awards Conference, Mr. Ma Huateng, CEO of Tencent, won the 2006 Mayor Award (entrepreneur category); In November, the 3rd China Outstanding Corporate Citizenship Commendation Conference was held in the Great Hall of the People. With outstanding contributions in fulfilling social responsibilities, members of Tencent’s founder team, Ma Huateng, Zhang Zhidong, Xu Chenye, Chen Yidan and Ceng Liqing, won the "Special Contribution Award for Corporate Citizenship", which is the only award that China’s Internet industry won in the current China Outstanding Corporate Citizenship Award.

On March 12, 2008, the maximum number of simultaneous online users of Tencent QQ exceeded 40 million; In September, Tencent was awarded the title of the third batch of "National Cultural Industry Demonstration Base" by the Ministry of Culture at the Second National Cultural Industry Work Conference of the Ministry of Culture, becoming the only Internet integrated service enterprise that won this honor.

In February 2009, the maximum number of simultaneous online users of Tencent QQ exceeded 50 million; On February 19th, the number of monthly login accounts in QQ space exceeded 200 million; In July, Tencent’s total number of patents granted exceeded 400, making it one of the enterprises with the largest number of patents on the Internet in the world, comparable to international Internet giants such as Google, Yahoo and Aol.

On March 5, 2010, at 19: 52: 58, Tencent announced that the number of simultaneous online users of QQ exceeded 100 million for the first time. On the afternoon of September 5th, General Secretary Hu Jintao and his party visited Tencent.

On January 21st, 2011, Tencent launched WeChat, a free application that provides instant messaging service for smart phones, and soon WeChat became another very influential product of Tencent. On July 14th, the Party Committee of Tencent held an inaugural meeting. On behalf of Nanshan District Committee, Hu Jin, Deputy Secretary of CPC Nanshan District Committee, and Chen Yidan, Chief Executive Officer of Tencent Company, held a grand unveiling ceremony for the Party Committee of Tencent Company.

On May 18, 2012, Tencent officially announced that it would adjust its organizational structure to meet the needs of users and promote business development. In August, Tencent, Alibaba Group and China Ping An will jointly test Internet finance and jointly establish Shanghai Lujiazui Financial Exchange. On August 16th, Shenzhen Asia Pacific Media Co., Ltd. and Tencent jointly created "Tencent Asia Pacific Home".

In January, 2013, Tencent employees and volunteers independently launched the public welfare 404 page-Internet public welfare activities; On September 16th, Sohu, sogou and Tencent jointly announced a strategic cooperation. Tencent injected US$ 448 million into sogou and merged its Tencent Soso business and other related assets into sogou. After the transaction was completed, Tencent immediately acquired 36.5% of the fully diluted shares in sogou. On September 16th, Tencent and Today’s share price rose to HK$ 417, with a market value of about HK$ 774.982 billion, or about US$ 100 billion, making it the first Internet company in China with a market value exceeding US$ 100 billion.

Tencent’s simplified QQ version for low-performance mobile phones — — QQlite for Android (i.e. light chat version) is quietly launched. As the name implies, its biggest selling point is the ultra-small installation package of only 7.52M, which not only retains the core chat function, but also saves memory, and is suitable for low-profile Android devices.

In fact, in 2015, QQ changed a lot, for example, from the version of QQXX to the version number of QQXX: Tencent QQ2014 changed to QQ5.0, creating a new colorful message bubble for chat experience. Tencent QQ has more than 200 million online users at the same time, and mobile phone users account for 70%. Are you there during this period?

The earliest mobile phone QQ was born in 2003. At that time, most of the mobile phones were function machines and Saipan system. The interface of the whole software was relatively simple, which basically met the needs of friends’ online chat. And this is also the most basic function as a communication tool. The network environment and hardware products determine that users can’t do more colorful applications on mobile phones as in the future.

From 2005 to 2007, the biggest change of mobile QQ is more personalized, fresher and simpler in design. From the function point of view, it meets all the chat software of QQ: chat (video, group chat), news information, entertainment, audio and video, etc. With people getting familiar with the Internet, they hope to connect with it anytime and anywhere, and their functions will be improved.

After 2008, QQ has enriched all applications on function machines. Smartphones with touch screens have changed the way of human-computer interaction. First of all, QQ has enlarged the size on the mobile phone interface, and the visual design is more concise and lively. Because it is touch-sensitive interaction, the functional design is more centralized, reducing the accumulation of windows, and making the display of functions patchwork. However, traces of PC still remain on mobile QQ, which also lowers the threshold for users to migrate.

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　　On August 30th, the 27th Chengdu International Automobile Exhibition officially kicked off. Super Anxin promised to escort, and the DMH super hybrid system was empowered. SAIC Roewe brought all products of D family Roewe D7 DMH, Roewe D7 EV and Roewe D5X DMH to Chengdu Auto Show. At the same time, Roewe RX5 PLUS, i5, iMAX8 and other star models also made their debut. The grand appearance of Roewe product family not only fulfilled Roewe’s commitment to deeply cultivate technology and promote user experience innovation, but also demonstrated that Roewe New Energy is moving towards a new journey.

　　Buy a new energy vehicle and decide after watching Roewe! At this year’s Chengdu Auto Show, SAIC Roewe brought exclusive subsidy policies to customers in Sichuan and Chongqing, and brought more feedback to consumers with more competitive prices and better experience. Under the double superposition of state compensation and factory compensation, the replacement subsidies of Roewe D7 DMH, Roewe D7 EV, Roewe RX5 and Roewe iMAX8 are as high as 50,000 yuan; The replacement subsidy for Roewe D5DMH and Roewe i5 is as high as 40,000 yuan, and the full amount of Roewe i5 after subsidy is only 39,800 yuan.

　　World-class DMH super hybrid technology strength leads the hybrid era

　　In the huge market scale and fierce market competition, China’s hybrid technology has achieved a leap from following to leading, and began to "feed back" the world. At present, the core technology of SAIC has reached the international advanced level, and the reverse output of main core technologies including vehicle platform has been realized, which also shows the world the strength of China automobile brand in the new energy era.

　　Driven by technology to change products, DMH super hybrid technology has taken the lead in the Roewe D7 DMH and the Roewe D5DMH, a new mainstream hybrid SUV with long battery life, showing its strength beyond its peers in terms of energy efficiency, NVH and driving experience. In 2023, Roewe D7 DMH won the honor of "China Heart" Top Ten Engines and Hybrid Systems. In addition, in June’s "Extreme Hot Marathon — — In the "2000km plug-in and hybrid endurance challenge" activity, these two-car combinations equipped with DMH super hybrid system took the first place with a total endurance of 3908km. Among them, Roewe D7 DMH has set a new record for self-owned brand B-class cars with the ultimate endurance of 2160km, and the measured comprehensive fuel consumption per 100 km is only 2.7L, which shows the true strength of China’s self-owned brand national team.

　　Behind the measured results, the list of battery life and fuel consumption has been refreshed repeatedly, which is the systematic support of many unique technologies. The fifth-generation DMH super hybrid technology, which is constantly evolving based on the National Science and Technology Progress Award, has many world-leading technologies such as the industry’s first powertrain brain PICU and the coaxial structure of engine +P1 motor. The software algorithm is used as the core to match the special hardware such as hybrid high-efficiency engine, gearbox and long-life battery, and the combination of software and hardware is achieved, achieving the strongest performance and optimal index. In addition, DMH super hybrid technology has three technical characteristics: modularity, integration and exclusivity. By matching different hybrid routes such as PHEV/EREV/HEV with one system, it can cover the driving needs and fuel consumption regulations of different users around the world.

　　In fact, as early as 2010, SAIC proactively laid out the field of plug-in hybrid technology. In the past ten years, SAIC has accumulated 150 billion yuan and obtained more than 26,000 technical patents, as well as "seven technical bases" including three vehicle platforms and four key systems. Moreover, with the project of "Key Technology and Industrialization of Low Energy Consumption Plug-in Hybrid Passenger Cars" and the second prize of the National Science Progress Award twice by SAIC Rubik’s Cube Battery, SAIC has built a solid hybrid technology system with strong technical reserves.

　　The biggest advantage of any technology with long-term value is that it can withstand precipitation and carry periodic iterations. In the future, the DMH super hybrid technology will continue to evolve: at the engine energy end, Roewe insists on knowing more about the engine in order to better mix. The thermal efficiency of the hybrid special engine under the DMH super hybrid system has exceeded 46.3%, and it will pass the national 14 th Five-Year Plan certification project. Roewe is also the first car enterprise in China to meet Euro 7 emission standards. In addition, at the auto show site, in the live disassembly of the DMH super hybrid system, Roewe first showed the future forward-looking technology "composite planetary gear". This technology integrates the subtle design of planetary gear system and clutch system, which can realize the smooth shift of three gears, improve the driving experience, greatly improve the energy efficiency and bring a quieter and more comfortable driving environment. Based on the ever-evolving DMH super hybrid technology, Roewe will make the fuel consumption lower, strive to break 2 into 1, and lead China super hybrid into the era of fuel consumption 1.

　　"Super Anxin Commitment" Helps Brand Transform into New Energy.

　　Entering the "second half" of the new energy automobile industry, the competition among automobile enterprises has changed from a simple "price war" to a multi-dimensional "value war". Based on quality and technology, SAIC Roewe began to provide volume service and volume guarantee, and truly volume value for users.

　　Based on the DMH super hybrid technology leading the whole hybrid technology industry, the quality car-making strength under the big factory system, and the outstanding performance of the model equipped with SAIC Rubik’s Cube battery, which delivered 300,000 units worldwide and set a record of zero spontaneous combustion, SAIC Roewe broke the industry convention and took the lead in launching the "Super Safety Commitment". With the industry-leading service guarantee terms, it provides users with a safe car experience in the whole life cycle, setting a new benchmark in the industry.

　　"Super Safety Commitment" introduces the "zero spontaneous combustion guarantee" of "burn one and lose one" within 20 working days, and the "three-electricity lifetime warranty" with unlimited mileage and the first owner. The promised warranty components include high-voltage battery pack, drive motor and drive motor control module, and cover the powertrain integrated control module of hybrid vehicles.

　　This policy breaks the industry’s guarantee restrictions on the number of kilometers and service life of the three power companies in one fell swoop, and provides comprehensive protection for the whole life cycle of non-operating vehicles. After the launch of Super Anxin, the preservation rate of Roewe-related products will increase by 5%, that is, products worth about 100,000 yuan, and used cars will sell for 5,000 yuan more.

　　Technology empowerment, service escort. Roewe relies on SAIC’s excellent technical strength, the quality of large factories and the industry’s first "Super Anxin Commitment" service guarantee, and is committed to providing consumers with world-class products that can be bought with peace of mind and used with peace of mind and have more "long-term value". It is worth mentioning that at present, for every 10 cars exported to Europe, 7 are from SAIC passenger cars, which once again confirms the world quality and global strength of SAIC passenger cars.

　　Roewe adheres to long-term, makes a living with core technology, settles down with users’ needs, goes all out to promote the brand’s new energy transformation, and actively responds to the new energy market involution. At the auto show, Yu Jingmin, executive deputy general manager of passenger car branch of SAIC Motor Co., Ltd. said: "Roewe will do a good job ‘ Near, Middle and Far ’ Plan, taking into account the current and long-term relationships. At present, we need to polish the technology brands label, marketing should return to the essence, focus on user needs, and be closer to users, media and distributors. " (Source: SAIC Volkswagen)

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