作者： admin

Fatty liver is not a ＂patent＂ for fat people. ＂Keep your mouth shut and open your legs＂ can be prevented.

　　editorial comment/note

　　Fatty liver has become the second largest liver disease after viral hepatitis in China. According to the epidemiological survey in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, the incidence of fatty liver in the local area is 15% ~ 20%. According to the conservative estimate of the national incidence rate of 18%, the number of people with fatty liver in China is 234 million, with an average age of only 40 years, and more and more patients are around 30 years old. The average incidence of fatty liver in some occupational groups (white-collar workers, taxi drivers, professional managers, individual owners, government officials, senior intellectuals, etc.) is 25%; The incidence of fatty liver in obese people and patients with type 2 diabetes is 50%; The incidence of fatty liver in sub-health people who often suffer from insomnia, fatigue and gastrointestinal dysfunction reaches 60%.

　　Experts pointed out that fatty liver is related to bad eating habits such as drinking, high-fat diet, convenience food, fried food and snacks. In addition, the fast pace of life of modern people and the reduction of exercise are also important reasons. Experts remind that although most patients with fatty liver usually have no bad feelings, they should pay attention to it to avoid falling into five common misunderstandings, and incorporate healthy diet management and reasonable exercise into their daily lives to prevent and control the occurrence and development of fatty liver and avoid fatty hepatitis and even cirrhosis.

　　■ Smell and sing

　　Recently, when attending a class reunion, a group of middle-aged people mentioned the fact that many people were diagnosed with mild or moderate fatty liver every year, not only these working middle-aged people, but even young people in their twenties and thirties are constantly joining the ranks, which makes everyone confused. Is there something wrong with our daily life?

　　At present, it is an indisputable fact that the incidence of fatty liver is getting higher and younger. According to the epidemiological survey in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, the local incidence of fatty liver is 15% ~ 20%. According to the conservative estimate of the national incidence of 18%, the number of people suffering from fatty liver in China is 234 million.

　　If you don’t drink, eat meat or get fat, why can you get fatty liver?

　　Hu Chengheng, chief physician of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, pointed out that fatty liver has become the second largest liver disease after viral hepatitis in China. The average incidence of fatty liver in some occupational groups (white-collar workers, taxi drivers, professional managers, individual owners, government officials, senior intellectuals, etc.) is 25%; The incidence of fatty liver in obese people and patients with type 2 diabetes is 50%; The incidence of fatty liver in alcoholics and alcoholics was 58%. The incidence of fatty liver in sub-health people who often suffer from insomnia, fatigue and gastrointestinal dysfunction reaches 60%. In recent years, the age of people with fatty liver has been declining, the average age is only 40 years old, and there are more and more patients around 30 years old, and the fatty liver in men under 45 years old is obviously more than that in women.

　　As we all know, fatty liver is equated with drinking and high-fat diet, but what puzzles many people is why they get into this disease when they obviously don’t drink and eat meat very much. Cai Haodong, chief physician of beijing ditan hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, believes that not drinking alcohol can also lead to liver diseases, and the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver is 9% ~ 46%. Most of them are simple fatty liver, mostly asymptomatic, and there is no inflammatory change in the liver, so the liver function is normal and the condition is stable.

　　Yuan Xiaoying, chief physician of the Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, believes that fatty liver is first related to diet. Nowadays, people’s lives are getting richer and richer, and it is inevitable that they will touch alcohol and high-fat food in their diet. However, modern people like to stay up late and work overtime, and they have to add meals at night when they work overtime, which are often convenience foods, fried foods and snacks. These are all bad eating habits; In addition, modern people have a fast pace of life, do not have much time to go out for exercise, and the amount of exercise is reduced, which is also the reason why the onset age of fatty liver is getting younger and younger and the incidence rate is getting higher and higher.

　　Because many people who have been diagnosed with fatty liver have no bad feelings, they don’t really care. Shi Lei, deputy chief physician of hepatobiliary surgery in Xi ‘an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, reminded that doctors advocate early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of fatty liver, especially steatohepatitis, which is not a simple fatty liver, but accompanied by inflammatory activities of the liver, and the hardness of the liver is also increasing. If not actively treated, fatty liver can also develop into cirrhosis, causing adverse consequences.

　　Fatty liver is a common "five misunderstandings". Have you been recruited?

　　Zhao Gan, a nutritionist at Beijing You ‘an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, reminds you that even if you usually pay great attention to diet and health care, you may walk into the following five misunderstandings about fatty liver.

　　Myth 1: Fatty liver is neither painful nor itchy, so you can leave it alone. Fatty liver is mainly divided into alcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic fatty liver, and mild fatty liver is easier to cure. However, if it develops to a serious stage, it may also lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Even with active treatment, the diseased liver is unlikely to return to normal.

　　Myth 2: Only obese people get fatty liver, but thin people don’t. Fatty liver is not a "patent" for fat people. Some office workers are sedentary, resulting in excessive visceral fat and central obesity. Although their limbs are not fat and their trunks are not bloated, they are exposed as soon as they take off their clothes, and they are also prone to fatty liver.

　　Myth 3: Fatty liver is eaten, and you only need to control your diet. To get fatty liver, you don’t just need to control your diet. You also need to quit smoking and drinking and strengthen exercise. Exercise is an important way to treat fatty liver, especially for obese friends. Generally, low-intensity aerobic exercise is more suitable, such as brisk walking, jogging and swimming. However, it should not be too intense. If the amount of exercise is too large, it may affect the liver function and aggravate the condition.

　　Myth 4: Fatty liver patients eat more fruits, the better. Fresh fruit is rich in vitamins and minerals, and is rich in dietary fiber. Regular consumption is good for health, but the more you eat, the better. Because of the high sugar content of fruit, eating too much for a long time can lead to the increase of blood sugar and blood lipid, and even induce obesity. In addition, eating only fruits and vegetables instead of staple food will make patients with fatty liver more hungry, have disordered metabolism and unstable blood sugar level, which will aggravate fatty liver. Therefore, people with fatty liver should not eat more fruits, just in moderation, and should choose to eat between meals.

　　Myth 5: Fast weight loss can reduce fatty liver. Some obese friends have fatty liver, and often take "hunger therapy" to lose weight quickly. In fact, losing weight too fast is often harmful. If it exceeds the metabolic capacity of the body, it will damage the liver function and aggravate the condition. For most patients, the reasonable weight loss goal is about 0.5 kg/week.

　　With fatty liver, how to scientifically "shut up"?

　　Zhao Yaping, a nutritionist at Beijing You ‘an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, believes that in the occurrence of fatty liver, dietary behavior is the first to bear the brunt, and managing food intake has become the most important thing to prevent and control the occurrence and development of fatty liver.

　　1. Dining system. 4-5 meals a day, 3 main meals and 1-2 extra meals. You can eat fruits and vegetables, yogurt and nuts during meals, so that you won’t be too hungry to eat too many calories at one time, and effectively control your appetite and food intake.

　　2. Slow down the meal. Eating slowly can reduce the amount of meals and increase the satisfaction after meals. There are many ways to slow down the meal, such as adding a pause in the middle, reducing the volume of each bite of food and increasing the number of chews. A study among men in China shows that chewing 40 times before swallowing can reduce the amount of meals by 11.9% compared with chewing 15 times.

　　3. Appropriately increase the intake of protein. High-protein foods make people feel fuller than foods rich in carbohydrates, thus suppressing appetite. This minimal effect on hunger helps to reduce the overall energy intake. High-protein foods mainly include four categories: meat (poultry, livestock, fish and shrimp, etc.), eggs, milk and soybeans.

　　4. Appropriately increase dietary fiber intake. Dietary fiber is easy to produce satiety, and at the same time, it can slow down the emptying speed of food in the stomach and maintain a longer satiety. Foods rich in dietary fiber include oats, corn, sweet potatoes, whole wheat bread, green leafy vegetables and low-sugar fruits. Oats, corn and sweet potatoes can be used to replace polished rice flour and whole wheat bread instead of ordinary bread in food collocation.

　　5. Reasonable eating order. Eat the big one first, then eat the small one; Eat liquid first, then eat solid; Eat low-calorie food first, then high-calorie food. Vegetables are large and low-calorie foods and should be eaten in front; Soups are easy to feel full and can be drunk before meals; Meat and staple food are high in calories and can be eaten at the back.

　　6. Healthy drinking water. It is suggested that you can choose boiled water, light tea, etc., and refuse sugary drinks and juice. Because fruit juice has high sugar content and good taste, it is easy to "drink addiction" and drink too much, which is not conducive to controlling calorie intake.

Encourage 2.5 days of flexible rest to stimulate consumption experts to evaluate this.

　　With the epidemic under control, the passenger flow in Taikooli, Chengdu slowly resumed photography.

　　"Encourage the implementation of a flexible working system of 4.5 days a week and 2.5 days on weekends." Since March, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other places have taken measures to actively guide cadres and workers to go out for leisure holidays on weekends, in order to boost consumption, promote economic growth and reduce the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the economy.

　　On March 25th, Wang Qiyan, a professor at Renmin University of China and director of China Leisure Economy Research Center, said in an interview with Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star News reporter that the income of employees in government agencies, enterprises and institutions is relatively stable, and the flexible working system is pioneered by this group. It is undoubtedly a feasible practice to promote consumption and drive a wider range of consumer groups by increasing the supply of time. Su Hainan, a special researcher in china association for labour studies, is more cautious. He said that the first thing to do to resume production at present is to ensure safety and prevent the epidemic from rebounding.

　　Five years ago, a 2.5-day weekly holiday was introduced.

　　But the implementation effect is not ideal.

　　On March 19th, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Government issued "About laying a good ‘ Combination boxing ’ Notice to boost tourism consumption. " It is mentioned that all localities and units should optimize their work arrangements according to the actual situation. In the second quarter of this year, they will try out 2.5 days of flexible work and rest on weekends and actively guide cadres and workers to go out for leisure and vacation on weekends. The working hours reduced by flexible work and rest can be compensated by extending the length of other working days.

　　Recently, the "Implementation Opinions of the General Office of the People’s Government of Zhejiang Province on Boosting Consumption and Promoting Stable Economic Growth" issued by Zhejiang Province mentioned that it encourages the implementation of a 4.5-day flexible working week and supports qualified organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions to implement the paid vacation system.

　　In fact, encouraging the implementation of flexible working system is nothing new. In the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Further Promoting Tourism Investment and Consumption issued in August 2015, it is mentioned that flexible work and rest are encouraged, and places and units with conditions can optimize and adjust summer work and rest arrangements according to the actual situation, creating favorable conditions for employees to go out for leisure and vacation on Friday afternoons and weekends. Since then, more than 10 provinces, including Hebei and Chongqing, have issued opinions to encourage flexible work and rest for 2.5 days, but after five years, the implementation effect is not ideal.

　　Why is it difficult to implement?

　　Experts say that labor efficiency is relatively low.

　　The reason is that Wang Qiyan, a professor at China Renmin University and director of China Leisure Economy Research Center, believes that in the final analysis, the labor efficiency is relatively low.

　　Regarding the voice on the Internet that "two weekends are difficult to implement, not to mention flexible working system", Wang Qiyan believes that if society wants to make progress, there will always be some people who have to sacrifice, such as those who stand at the forefront of science and technology. There are still some groups, because of the characteristics of the industry or the particularity of the occupation, who can’t reach the average rest standard, which is also a reality.

　　4.5-day flexible working system

　　How much effect does it have on stimulating consumption?

　　From the perspective of stimulating consumption, Su Hainan thinks that the effect is not necessarily great.

　　He said that industries with relatively high wages and relatively stable incomes are willing to spend if they are given more rest time under safe circumstances. But for many employees of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially migrant workers, the first consideration may not be how to spend, but how to earn money quickly and maintain a normal life.

　　Su Hainan suggested that consumption should be gradually restored while ensuring safety. In the process of restoring consumption, people must be isolated according to the relevant requirements and regulations of epidemic prevention, and retaliatory consumption in crowded places is not advocated, because there are still risks. "Don’t look at the possibility that the turnover has come up, but if there is another infection in Covid-19, it will be terrible."

Double 11 carefully buys joint health care products： the formula is changed at will, and the effect is not as good as placebo.

Original: Shi Juan returns to the park

As double 11 approaches, many people have already filled their shopping carts with health care products in advance, just waiting for the zero discount time to start shooting. Among them, one of the hottest and most publicized commodities is probably imported joint health care products. However, the latest research proves that the key ingredients in joint health care products may not be as useful as placebos. At the same time, because its formula changes at will, its medicinal properties and toxicity are also difficult to monitor. Friends who want to buy such health care products at special prices need to think twice before you do.

Today’s two articles bring together some kinds of goods that should be bought carefully or even not. Among them, the e-cigarettes that we strongly warned about were completely removed from Taobao and Tmall on November 6. So far, the online sales platform has completely banned the sale of e-cigarettes.

Writing | Shi Juan

Maybe you exercise a lot, maybe you need to sit still for a long time because of your work, or maybe you are old. In either case, the concept of protecting your joints must be familiar.

Known as a health care product that is good for joints, the most popular brand at present is Move Free, which is a brand of Schiff, a famous American health care company. Common models are as follows:

Image from Schiff official website

Costco, a famous American supermarket, also has several kinds that people often buy.

Image from CVS official website

The main components of these drugs are glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Some of them are added with vitamin D or an organic sulfur compound: dimethyl sulfone (MSM, an essential substance for human collagen synthesis).

Glucosamine claims to "strengthen, protect and rebuild joints", while chondroitin sulfate "can help lubricate and cushion joints", thus finally relieving joint pain, joint stiffness and arthritis.

I believe everyone has read many online articles recommending this health care product (the screenshot is omitted here).

However, are glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate really good for joints?

One study after another published in authoritative magazines shows that glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate health care products have no effect on joints. Even in the United States, there are several class actions, accusing the manufacturers of these health care products of making false advertisements, misleading and deceiving ordinary consumers [1, 2].

Photo: In June 2019, consumers collectively sued Schiff Move Free for false advertising and formally filed a case. [2]

A series of studies, the answer is getting clearer and clearer.

The most famous research is called Gait (Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial), which took four years and cost $12.5 million. It was funded by two departments under the National Institutes of Health (NIH), namely National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) and National Institute of Arthritis/Musculoskeletal/Dermatology (NIAMS).

The purpose of this study is to determine whether glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Let’s take out these studies and analyze them for everyone.

one

This study was published in the authoritative medical journal New England Medicine in 2006 [3].

A total of 1583 patients with osteoarthritis were recruited and randomly assigned to take:

Placebo (the same shape as medicine, but without the ingredients of medicine, it can be simply understood as sugar ball)

1,500 milligrams of glucosamine per day

1200 mg chondroitin sulfate per day

1500 mg glucosamine +1200 mg chondroitin sulfate per day

200 mg of prescription drug celebrex (an analgesic used to relieve pain for arthritis and other diseases) every day.

It is worth noting that this dose is the dose of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in popular health care products at that time. It is emphasized here that there was a reason for the dose in health care products at that time, which will be further explained later.

If the patient feels that the joint pain is still uncontrollable, he can take up to 4000 mg of acetaminophen (the main component of Tylenol) every day.

The main purpose of the study is to see if the pain in the knee joint is reduced by 20% after taking the medicine for 24 weeks.

The result is as follows:

It can be seen that there is no significant difference between the group taking glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate and the placebo group.

However, it is worth noting that at 24 weeks, 60.1% (more than half) people who took placebos also felt that their symptoms had improved. This extraordinary placebo effect is often seen in clinical trials of arthritis. Without knowing what they are eating, patients think they are taking useful drugs, and strong psychological hints will make the pain less intense.

Source: The-Science-Site.com.

This trial is a good example to explain why clinical trials are rigorous only if they are randomized and double-blind. Randomized double-blind trials should make sure that there is basically no difference in appearance between the pills in the placebo group and the real pills. The people who eat them can’t guess what they are eating at all, and the people who collect data don’t know what each patient is eating, so as to ensure that there will be no bias in the data collection process.

After taking celebrex for 24 weeks, those who felt that their pain was reduced by 20% were about 10% higher than those in the placebo group, achieving a statistically significant effect. Once again, it proves that this prescription drug is effective.

Finally, the author of this study divided the patients into groups according to the severity of symptoms, and found that the combined therapy of 1500 mg glucosamine and 1200 mg chondroitin sulfate/day seems to have certain effect on patients with severe symptoms. However, it is worth noting that the number of volunteers with severe symptoms in this study is relatively small, and the sample size is too small to be conclusive, which needs further research to confirm.

2

So, these authors continued to study. The new results were published in the journal Arthritis and Rheumatism in 2008 [4]. We call it study 2 (the last one was called study 1).

The time of the second study was extended from 24 weeks to 24 months (two years), and the patients with severe symptoms were studied emphatically, because the last short-term trial found that the combination therapy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate might be useful for these patients.

572 patients with moderate or severe knee osteoarthritis were recruited and randomly divided into five groups:

placebo

Glucosamine (500 mg each time, 3 times a day: 1500 mg/day)

Chondroitin sulfate (400 mg each time, 3 times a day: 1200 mg/day)

Glucosamine (500 mg each time, 3 times a day)+chondroitin sulfate (400 mg each time, 3 times a day)

Celebrex (200 mg once a day)

The final effective index of this experiment is not the subjective pain feeling in the first experiment (this kind of patient’s feeling is the most prone to error), but the change of joint space width is determined by X-ray at 24 months. The more severe osteoarthritis is, the more cartilage loss is, and the smaller joint space is. If a drug can stop or even reverse the shortening of joint space, it can improve the joint structure and relieve symptoms.

Finally, in the second study, the average joint spacing of patients with osteoarthritis in the placebo group decreased by 0.166 mm after two years, which meant that osteoarthritis was aggravated.

Compared with placebo, glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate or their combination therapy did not significantly reduce the loss of joint space width (arthritis did not relieve).

The researchers even observed that the joint space shortening (arthritis aggravation) of combined therapy was more serious than that of other groups, probably because taking two drugs at the same time affected the absorption of each drug-and most health care products on the market mixed these two ingredients together.

three

The final result of the GAIT study was published in Rheumatology Annual Report in 2010 [5]. We call it study three.

The third study was similar to the first study, except that the experiment was extended from 24 weeks to 24 months.

This time, the researcher recruited 662 volunteers with moderate to severe osteoarthritis and randomly divided them into five groups as in the second paper. The main index is, as in the first study, to see whether the pain of knee joint is reduced by 20% compared with that before taking medicine.

The results of this long-term experiment are similar to those of study 1. All groups had significant pain and functional improvement within 2 years. However, no treatment is significantly better than placebo. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups, which once again proved the powerful placebo effect.

The good news is that no serious side effects were observed in all the treatment groups-it seems that these drugs are safe to take for at least two years in this experiment.

GAIT research tells us:

1. The curative effect of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate comes from strong psychological suggestion to a great extent. Even if you eat "sugar balls", if you think you are eating drugs that are useful for joints, more than half of people will feel that joint pain is reduced.

2. Taking glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate at the same time may affect the absorption of any single component.

3. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate can not improve the shortening of joint space after illness.

four

The latest study on glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate was completed in 2016 [6]. This experiment recruited 164 patients with knee pain caused by osteoarthritis, and half of them took glucosamine (1500 mg/day) and chondroitin sulfate (1200 mg/day). The other half took a placebo.

However, the study was terminated early for an unusual reason: compared with the placebo group, the symptoms of patients who took glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate worsened.

Further than the previous three experimental results, this result suggests a terrible possibility: taking glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate may make the joint condition worse than doing nothing.

Move Free, hepatotoxicity?

I often hear friends around me say that most people eat health care products without any side effects. What if they eat them? If you don’t eat, don’t you miss that "one thousand" opportunity?

However, have you overlooked the "one thousand" harmful situation?

In fact, there are no published prospective studies on the efficacy, tolerance and safety of most health care products.

Remarks:

Prospective study usually involves observing a group of subjects for a long time, and studying whether some observed results (such as illness) are related to other factors (such as suspicious risks or protective factors) during the trial. The prospective study related to the safety of health products mentioned here is to observe whether a group of people who eat health products will have some adverse reactions related to eating health products.

This is because the ingredients of health care products are not strictly monitored by FDA, and the formula can be changed frequently. This not only makes it difficult to study its security, but also means that its security is even more insecure. Who knows which batch of formula will go wrong?

Take the current Schiff Move Free series products as an example.

If you look closely at the website of Schiff Nutrition International, the manufacturer of Move Free, you will find that there is a small line below:

“Our packaging and/or formulas change from time to time. Please refer to the actual packaging for current product information.”

Our packaging and/or formula will change from time to time. Please refer to the actual packaging for current product information. "

Figure: Composition description of a Move Free product on Schiff Nutrition International website.

At present, many cases have been reported, saying that patients taking Move Free have obvious liver damage in clinic.

In 2010, the first case report on liver injury caused by taking Move Free was published in the United States [7]. Subsequently, new cases were reported in August 2012 and September 2013. In these published cases, patients developed acute hepatocyte injury within 1-3 weeks after taking a Move Free product. The degree of injury is moderate and can be relieved within 1 to 2 months after stopping taking it; There is no immune allergy and autoimmune reaction, and it can finally recover completely in all cases. However, one patient resumed using the product when he was half well, and immediately developed acute liver injury with similar symptoms. In addition, although no more cases have been published, there are three prospective studies on drug-induced hepatotoxicity in the United States, all of which mentioned acute liver injury cases related to Move Free, all of which occurred in 2012-2013 [October 12].

The specific Move Free products mentioned in these cases at that time, in addition to the main glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, also contained a patented herbal mixture, including China Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu.

These reports attributed the liver injury caused by Move Free to Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in China [13], and only one case was attributed to glucosamine [11]. However, China Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi protects the liver in animal models, but not damages it [14-16]. Why can it cause human liver injury? The report did not reasonably explain its mechanism of liver injury. There is also a kind of explanation that the China Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Move Free contains pollutants, or maybe it is not China Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi at all (the manufacturer made a mistake and added a similar plant as China Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi).

Therefore, it is still uncertain what specific components may cause liver injury. Manufacturers often change the composition and concentration of health care products, so it is not certain whether the products currently on the market still contain these harmful ingredients. At present, Move Free series products no longer list "including China Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and other herbal ingredients", but give a patented ingredient with a new name on some products, which is called "uniflex (fruitex-b calcium fruitoborate)", claiming to be a mineral extracted from vegetables and fruits.

What’s more noteworthy is that the content of chondroitin sulfate in the Move Free series products listed on the official website in the United States has been greatly reduced (see the figure below), and the dosage has been reduced from 1200mg per day to 200mg per day. There is no glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in the Move Free Ultra series products, one of which only contains calcium and calcium borate, and the other contains a patented cartilage mixture. However, most of them are produced by different manufacturers, such as similar products of Kirkland brand sold by Costco, and the dosage is still 1500 mg of glucosamine and 1200 mg of chondroitin sulfate every day.

Figure: The ingredients of four existing Move Free series products (from official website, USA) are chondroitin sulfate content in the red box. Click to see a bigger picture.

Figure: Components of four existing Move Free Ultra series products (from official website, USA).

In addition, a small study in 2013 found that taking glucosamine may increase the risk of glaucoma, which will threaten vision if it is not treated in time [17]. Chondroitin sulfate can play the role of blood anticoagulant, so it may cause internal bleeding.

Another problem that is often overlooked is drug interaction: any combination of compounds may produce bad interactions. If you are taking other drugs, you must decide carefully whether to take health care products. Because they may not contain the amount indicated on the label, or they may contain pollutants-this will make it more difficult for you to accurately judge whether there will be drug interactions.

Other side effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate include:

Heartburn, heartburn

feel tired and sleepy

headache

Allergic reaction (especially if you are allergic to shellfish)

What drugs/treatments are there for arthritis?

So far, there is no therapy or medicine that can cure arthritis.

There are many drugs that can be used to improve symptoms (mainly to relieve pain) and slow down the deterioration of the disease, but they cannot completely reverse the structural damage.

Because there are more than 100 different kinds of arthritis, each specific type of treatment is not exactly the same. We should prescribe the right medicine after diagnosis.

After the doctor looked around and guessed the type of arthritis he might have, there were two main methods for further diagnosis:

1. Body fluid analysis. Analyzing blood, urine and joint fluid can help determine what type of arthritis you may have. In order to obtain a sample of joint fluid, doctors usually need to put a needle into the joint space to suck some fluid.

2. Imaging analysis. Commonly used imaging methods include X-ray, CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound.

After confirming the type of arthritis, you may need to try several different treatments or combinations of treatments to find the one that suits you best.

There are usually three types of therapies: drugs, physical therapy and surgery.

01

medicine

Different types of arthritis, should use different drugs. Commonly used arthritis drugs include:

Analgesics These drugs help to relieve pain, but they can’t diminish inflammation. For example, acetaminophen (the main component of Tylenol), Ultram (Ultracet), and some strictly regulated painkillers (such as oxycodone).

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs can relieve pain and diminish inflammation at the same time. Over-the-counter NSAID include ibuprofen (Motrin) and naproxen sodium (Aleve). Some types of NSAID must be obtained by prescription. Oral NSAID may cause stomach upset, and some may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke. Some NSAID can also be rubbed on joints as creams or gels. I have talked about the points for attention in the use of Tylenol and Ibuprofen before. If you are interested, you can go and see it (→ How to use Tylenol and Ibuprofen correctly? | 117 threesome).

Anti-irritant Some kinds of ointment contain menthol or capsaicin. Rubbing these ointments on the skin of painful joints may interfere with the transmission of pain signals, thus achieving the effect of relieving pain.

Antirheumatic drugs. Usually used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, it can slow down or prevent the immune system from attacking joints. Such as methotrexate (Trexall) and hydroxychloroquine.

Specific immune response modulators. It is usually used with anti-rheumatic drugs, which target certain protein molecules involved in immune response. Such as etanercept (Enbrel) and infliximab (Remicade).

Corticosteroids. These drugs, including prednisone and cortisone, can reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Corticosteroids can be administered orally or directly into joints.

02

physiotherapy

Physical therapy is helpful for some types of arthritis. Moderate exercise can improve and strengthen the muscles around the joints.

03

operation

If nothing works, it will be operated. Include joint repair or joint replacement.

04

Acupuncture, yoga, Tai Ji Chuan and massage.

There is little data to support these unconventional treatments, but there is no conclusive evidence that they are ineffective. You can look at your own reaction to see if you try.

Total knot

Although there is no convincing data to prove that health products containing glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are beneficial to joints, many people will buy and take them. Some people think that even if there is no effect from the overall data of the population, it may be useful for individuals because of some factors; Others believe that even if most of the effects come from the placebo effect, the benefits of the placebo effect are real and hard to give up.

However, the latest clinical results and several cases of side effects show that these health care products may also be harmful to health. Manufacturers often change the formula, and the actual ingredients and dosage may be far from what you expected.

Most types of arthritis are chronic and will affect life-long diseases. Knowing all kinds of risk factors (including obesity, sedentary lifestyle, eating habits, joint injuries, smoking, etc.), changing lifestyle and reducing the chance of getting sick are the best preventive measures. It is absolutely unacceptable to put all your hopes on health care products without fundamentally changing your living habits.

references

[1] https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/consumer-products/supplements/900914-move-free-supplement-buyers-get-class-cert-false-ad-lawsuit/

[2] https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/lawsuit-news/791647-schiff-move-free-class-action-says-joint-health-supplements-dont-work/

[3] D. O. Clegg et al., Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med 354, 795-808 (2006).

[4] A. D. Sawitzke et al., The effect of glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulfate on the progression of knee osteoarthritis: a report from the glucosamine/ chondroitin arthritis intervention trial. Arthritis Rheum 58, 3183-3191 (2008).

[5] A. D. Sawitzke et al., Clinical efficacy and safety of glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, their combination, celecoxib or placebo taken to treat osteoarthritis of the knee: 2-year results from GAIT. Ann Rheum Dis 69, 1459-1464 (2010).

[6] J. A. Roman-Blas et al., Combined Treatment With Chondroitin Sulfate and Glucosamine Sulfate Shows No Superiority Over Placebo for Reduction of Joint Pain and Functional Impai rment in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Six-Month Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Arthritis & Rheumatology 69, 77-85 (2017).

[7] S. A. Linnebur, O. C. Rapacchietta, M. Vejar, Hepatotoxicity associated with chinese skullcap contained in Move Free Advanced dietary supplement: two case reports and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 30, 750, 258e-262e (2010).

[8] L. Yang, A. Aronsohn, J. Hart, D. Jensen, Herbal hepatoxicity from Chinese skullcap: A case report. World J Hepatol 4, 231-233 (2012).

9. R. Dhanasekaran, V. Owens, W. Sanchez, Chinese skullcap in move free arthritis supplement causes drug induced liver injury and pulmonary infiltrates. Case Reports Hepatol 2013, 965092-965092 (2013).

[10] V. J. Navarro et al., Liver injury from herbals and dietary supplements in the U.S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 60, 1399-1408 (2014).

[11] S. Rossi, V. J. Navarro, Herbs and Liver Injury: A Clinical Perspective. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 12, 1069-1076 (2014).

[12] N. Chalasani et al., Features and Outcomes of 899 Patients With Drug-Induced Liver Injury: The DILIN Prospective Study. Gastroenterology 148, 1340-1352.e1347 (2015).

[13] V. J. Navarro, L. B. Seeff, Liver Injury Induced by Herbal Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Clinics in Liver Disease 17, 715-735 (2013).

[14] Q. Dong et al., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract protects against alcohol?induced acute liver injury in mice and affects the mechanism of ER stress. Mol Med Rep 13, 3052-3062 (2016).

[15] J. Boer et al., Protection against aflatoxin-B-1-induced liver mutagenesis by Scutellaria baicalensis. Mutation research 578, 15-22 (2005).

[16] H. N. Thanh et al., Ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 5, 761-767 (2015).

[17] R. K. Murphy et al., Oral Glucosamine Supplements as a Possible Ocular Hypertensive Agent. JAMA Ophthalmology 131, 955-957 (2013).

The pen name is "Cats at My Will" and now lives in Boston, USA. I graduated from the Department of Biological Sciences and Technology in Tsinghua University with a bachelor’s degree, and joined a multinational well-known pharmaceutical company to engage in drug research and development after obtaining a doctorate in the United States. For more than ten years, he led the team to fight diabetes and muscular dystrophy. In recent years, he focused on the research and development of anti-aging drugs. Personal WeChat WeChat official account "Feel Free" to talk to you about medical care.

Shi Juan

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Original title: "double 11 carefully buys joint health products: the formula is changed at will, and the effect is not as good as placebo | 117 threesome"

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Detection of violations and data fraud involve 38 vehicles with a total of over 5 million vehicles, which is the ＂manufacturing worry＂ behind the collective fraud of Japanese car companies.


Original title: Detection of violations and data fraud involving a total of 38 vehicles exceeding 5 million Japanese car companies "manufacturing worries"

Recently, a number of representative Japanese automobile manufacturing enterprises were collectively exposed to detect violations and data fraud. The picture shows that on June 3rd, in Tokyo, Japan, Mazda Motor Corporation held a press conference.
Photo courtesy of CFP

□ Our reporter Suning

Recently, a number of representative Japanese automobile manufacturing enterprises were collectively exposed to detect violations and data fraud, involving a total of 38 vehicles and over 5 million vehicles. Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has conducted on-site inspections on the headquarters of five car companies, namely Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Suzuki and Yamaha Engine, in accordance with the Road Transport Vehicle Law, in order to further investigate and confirm the facts of violation and falsification. At present, the above five car companies have admitted that there are violations and data fraud in the process of vehicle performance testing in order to obtain government vehicle certification.

A number of well-known Japanese car companies have collectively fallen into the "fake door" incident, especially Toyota, the industry leader, which has aroused widespread concern in Japanese public opinion. The outside world can’t help asking, where is the "Made in Japan" in the past?

Many well-known car companies admit fraud.

The five car companies involved in the fraud are various, and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan has conducted on-site inspections, and relevant punishment measures are already in the pipeline.

According to Japanese media reports, on the 3rd of this month, Toyota publicly admitted that in order to obtain the government certification required for vehicle mass production license, there were a variety of illegal and fraudulent behaviors in the process of vehicle performance testing, including tampering with data and false declaration. For example, when the engine output power of Lexus RX was tested in 2015, the computer control parameters were tampered with in order to make the results up to standard.

Toyota’s illegal fraud involves four models that have been discontinued and three models that are in production, with a total of 1.7 million vehicles from 2014 to April this year. After the incident was exposed, Toyota suspended the production of two production lines in Miyagi Prefecture and Iwate Prefecture on the 6th, with an annual output of 130,000 vehicles.

On the same day, Honda, Mazda and other four car companies also admitted to implementing various types of illegal fraud in mass production certification and testing. Among them, Mazda Company carried out some violations such as changing the control software when testing the engine output power in the certification test of five models; Suzuki company made a false record of the brake test results of one model; Yamaha engine has some problems in the test of three models, such as the noise test environment is not compliant; Honda’s violation test involves the most models, reaching 22 models.

The reason why many car companies concentrated on illegal fraud was exposed was that Toyota Loom and Daihatsu, a subsidiary of Toyota, exposed violations last year. In March last year, Toyota Loom was exposed that its engines for automobiles and construction machinery violated the rules in the certification and testing process, and the mass production certification was cancelled. In December last year, Daihatsu was found that all its models (28 models in total) in production and development were in violation of regulations during the certification and testing process, which led to the complete suspension of production of Daihatsu and triggered the Japanese administrative department to put forward self-inspection requirements for the entire automobile industry.

A week after the above-mentioned five car companies publicly admitted fraud, as of the 11th, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan had conducted on-site inspections on the headquarters of the above-mentioned five car companies to further investigate and confirm the facts of illegal fraud. Some Japanese media analysts pointed out that in the future, depending on the survey results, the possibility of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism taking administrative sanctions against the above-mentioned enterprises and requesting the implementation of recalls will not be ruled out.

"Made in Japan" is in deep crisis of reputation.

The reason why Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has carried out on-site inspections on car companies is that it is worried that "Made in Japan" will fall into a credibility crisis and hopes to maintain the international image of Japan’s automobile manufacturing industry.

According to Japanese media reports, Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism believes that Toyota’s illegal fraud is not only inconsistent with Japanese domestic standards, but also violates relevant international standards, and is not allowed even overseas. Some media even spoke bluntly, worrying about the spillover of this incident and affecting the reputation of "Made in Japan".

Japan’s "Yomiuri Shimbun" reported that Toyota’s violations in certification and testing not only violated Japanese national standards, but also violated the standards of 62 countries including Britain, Germany and South Korea, and may have an impact on Toyota’s mass production in North America.

Lin Fangzheng, Chief Cabinet Secretary of Japan, recently admitted that this incident not only shook the foundation of Japan’s automobile certification system, but also damaged the credibility of Japan’s automobile industry. The New York Times pointed out that for a long time, people thought that Japanese products had good quality, but this idea may have begun to change in the case of successive counterfeiting cases.

In fact, since Mitsubishi Motors tampered with the fuel economy test data in 2016, Japan has exposed the problem of illegal fraud in the automobile manufacturing industry almost every year, and companies such as Suzuki, Nissan, Subaru, Mazda and Yamaha engines have been investigated one after another. In 2021, Toyota, a leading Japanese car company, exposed the long-standing problem of illegal car inspection, and 10 responsible persons were transferred to the prosecution. In 2022, Hino Motors of Japan was confirmed to have the problem of engine performance test data fraud at least since 2003.

It is not limited to the automobile manufacturing industry. In recent years, from the use of inferior ammonium nitrate in Takada airbags to the tampering of product data in Kobe Steel, from Toray Co., Ltd. to the falsification of tire reinforcing agent quality data, to the falsification of Mitsubishi electric wire industry data, from Kawasaki Heavy Industries and mitsubishi electric quality inspection fraud, to Kobayashi Pharmaceutical’s problem with monascus causing health incidents, quality problems in other Japanese manufacturing industries are also common.

The causes behind the vicious circle are complicated.

As the pillar of Japan’s manufacturing industry, the automobile manufacturing industry provides employment for 5.5 million people, and its output value accounts for 20% of the total manufacturing output value. Whether it can effectively solve the reasons behind the quality problems in the future and restore the reputation of "Made in Japan" is very important to Japan’s economy.

After the incident, the car companies involved said that they would take improvement measures to avoid similar problems from happening again. At the shareholders’ meeting held on the 11th, Hiroichi Ito, president of Toyota Loom, said that he would push forward the reform in organizational structure and corporate atmosphere. However, some shareholders believe that if the problem of too tight construction period and too heavy production tasks is not alleviated, even the reform can not prevent the recurrence of the problem.

There are also voices crying out for Japanese car companies, arguing that Japan’s car certification system has problems such as outdated standards, formalism and lack of supervision. However, with the intensification of international competition, Japanese enterprises are generally faced with problems such as rising costs and falling profit margins. Under such circumstances, their spare capacity to maintain high quality standards is increasingly stretched.

Japanese media pointed out that in the fourth quarter of last year, Japan’s GDP growth rate barely turned positive, but in the first quarter of this year, Japan’s GDP fell by 0.5% month-on-month. Some analysts believe that the suspension of production of Daihatsu did have an impact on the Japanese economy. In response to the collective illegal fraud incident of Japanese car companies, Hiroshi Nakanishi, the chief analyst of Japan’s Sino-Western Automobile Industry Research Company, believes that the scale of production reduction of Toyota and Mazda is likely to reach 20,000 to 30,000 vehicles within two months; Sakai Caisuke, a senior economist at Mizuho Research and Technology Company, said that the pace of Japan’s economic recovery may slow down from May to June.

Some analysts pointed out that a vicious circle has been formed at present: quality scandals continue, enterprises have to stop production and rectify, and the entire automobile supply and marketing industry chain has been deeply affected, leading to poor economic data and even dragging down the Japanese economy; However, Japan’s weak economic recovery and declining international reputation have a longer-term negative impact on the development of Japanese enterprises. (Suning)

COVID-19 vaccination, you should know this.

At the China International Fair for Trade in Services in 2020, the domestic COVID-19 vaccine made its first stunning appearance as the "main coffee", which was widely concerned by public opinion. With the increasing popularity of vaccines in COVID-19, the discussion about vaccines in COVID-19 has led to rumors such as "high-priced vaccines", "ineffective vaccines" and "unsafe vaccines". In this regard, I really smashed the false rumors and decrypted the COVID-19 vaccine on the China Internet joint rumor platform. Let’s take a look.

1. After Covid-19 mutates, the vaccine will be invalid?

Because Covid-19 infected people can still be reinfected after recovery, there are rumors that Covid-19 mutates too fast, so it is difficult for the vaccine to cover the mutated Covid-19, and it will not be effective.

On September 7th, 2020, COVID-19 inactivated vaccine was presented at the Trade Fair. (Source: vision china)

Chen Wei, a national honorary title winner of "People’s Hero", an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Institute of Military Medicine of Academy of Military Sciences, responded that up to now, the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine developed in China can completely cover the mutated Covid-19.

In addition, according to the data, several subtypes are indeed mutating in Covid-19 at present, but its main gene sequence and protein level have not changed fundamentally, so it is no problem for COVID-19 inactivated vaccine to deal with these mutated viruses in the next few years.

Really: the virus mutation is not terrible, and the vaccine works.

Second, the price of vaccines in COVID-19 is too high for ordinary people to afford?

On September 5th, the staff displayed the specific immunoglobulin at the biological booth of Sinopharm Group China in the public health and epidemic prevention area of the International Trade Fair. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Yuwei photo

Regarding the pricing of vaccines in COVID-19, Zheng Zhongwei, director of the Science and Technology Development Center of the National Health and Wellness Commission and head of the vaccine research and development special class working group of the the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, said that COVID-19 vaccines belong to public health products, and their pricing will not be based on the contradiction between supply and demand in the market, but on the cost.

Yin Weidong, chairman, president and CEO of Kexing Bio, also said that the price of vaccine will fluctuate due to different purchasers and different purchasing scales, but the final price will be at the level of 100 yuan, which will not exceed 1,000 yuan.

Zhenzhen: COVID-19 vaccine will be on the market, and vaccination and epidemic prevention can be expected.

Three, COVID-19 vaccine will have side effects, unsafe?

Not long ago, a false news that "Putin’s daughter died because of the side effects of injecting COVID-19 vaccine" spread wildly on the Internet, which shows that the safety and side effects of COVID-19 vaccine have always been the focus of attention.

Comics: Vaccine and Coronavirus (Source: vision china)

In response to public doubts and concerns, Academician Chen Wei pointed out that the results of the first phase clinical trial of recombinant COVID-19 vaccine showed that all 108 people vaccinated produced antibodies. Phase I and phase II clinical trials have proved the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine, and phase III clinical trials will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine on a larger scale.

It is worth noting that China officially started the emergency use of COVID-19 vaccine on July 22nd, and Beijing is the first city to start the emergency use of vaccine. At present, there is no obvious adverse reaction and no one infected with the vaccine.

Zhenzhen: The vaccine is safe and secure. Don’t let rumors disturb the prevention and control.

4. Will vaccination affect the results of nucleic acid testing?

Some netizens are worried that vaccination will have an impact on nucleic acid detection. In this regard, Zhou Song, General Counsel of China Biology of Sinopharm Group, made it clear that it would not, because the nucleic acid test detects antigens, and people produce protective antibodies after being vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine, so the nucleic acid test will not be affected.

Really: the antigen and antibody are clearly divided, so don’t worry about vaccination.

Ten Questions and Ten Answers about Zhenzhen Popular Science

1. What is the vaccination method? Intramuscular injection.

2. What is the vaccine type in COVID-19? Inactivated vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, adenovirus vector vaccine, attenuated influenza virus vector vaccine.

3. What is the vaccine protection period? About 1-3 years.

4. When will the vaccine be available? Inactivated vaccine will be available at the end of December at the earliest.

5. How long does it take to produce antibodies after vaccination? After 28 days of vaccination with two doses of vaccine according to the standard immunization program, high titer antibody enough to resist Covid-19 can be produced.

6. What is the vaccination frequency? According to the virus infection.

7. Which groups of people are given priority in vaccination? Employees in key sectors and high-risk groups, including the elderly and people with basic diseases.

8. Can women during lactation and pregnancy be vaccinated? It is recommended to suspend vaccination.

9. Does everyone need to be vaccinated? No.

10. What is the mass production of vaccine? In the future, the annual production capacity will reach 80 to 1 billion doses.

(Source: Xinhua News Agency, CCTV Finance, Voice of China, Central Radio and Television Station, etc.)

Source: China Internet Joint Rumor Platform

Original title: "What you should know about COVID-19 vaccine"

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Comments on the management of Tongbao’s board of directors in the first half of 2023

() The business review of the Board of Directors in the first half of 2023 is as follows:

　　I. Main businesses of the Company during the reporting period

(a) the company’s main business and products

The company is the leading supplier of intelligent transportation platform solutions for expressways, trunk roads and urban transportation in China. The company’s main business includes three aspects: first, the smart traffic electronic toll collection business based on ETC, including ETC issuance and sales, electronic toll collection service business, etc., focusing on expanding the construction and operation of expressway and urban traffic toll collection and management systems; Secondly, the business of intelligent transportation operation management system based on cloud technology mainly includes system software development, comprehensive solutions and system technical services of intelligent transportation operation management; Third, the derivative business of smart transportation is mainly to build ecological scenes with "ETC+" as the core, integrate the life of vehicles such as refueling, road economy and car maintenance, and develop the ETC ecosystem business.

During the reporting period, there were no major changes in the company’s main business.

1. Intelligent transportation electronic toll collection service

The company’s smart traffic electronic toll collection business is mainly based on ETC, including ETC distribution and sales, electronic toll collection services, etc., focusing on the construction and operation of expressway and urban traffic toll collection and management systems.

ETC distribution business: The company increased the promotion of ETC distribution in offline outlets and cooperation channels, that is, online platforms, optimized the ETC product system, and greatly increased the circulation. During the reporting period, the company newly developed 908,000 ETC users, an increase of 88.77% over the same period of last year. By the end of June 2023, the number of ETC users of the company had reached 23.058 million, covering 30 provinces and cities across the country.

The company has accelerated its business layout, and has established business cooperation relations with 14 OEMs including Changan Automobile, Geely Automobile, Tesla, Weilai, Kia of yueda and Jaguar Land Rover. During the reporting period, the company added SMART elf car and Lotus car front-loading projects, which have been successfully launched. In addition, the company and () innovatively researched and developed ETC smart automobile glass, and realized ETC front-loading in the field of automobile production supply chain, laying a good foundation for the sustainable growth of ETC distribution in the future. At present, Changan Automobile Auchan and Fujian Benz brands have been realized. Users can be locked in advance through the ETC pre-installation mode, which will further enhance the national market share of ETC users.

Electronic toll service: With the popularization of ETC, the further improvement of payment rate and the development of new car pre-installation mode, ETC payment has gradually penetrated from expressway to car-related scenes such as parking, refueling and ferry ETC. At present, the ferry ETC payment business has reached cooperation intentions with 22 auto ferry operation platforms in Anhui, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guangdong and other provinces. As a pilot unit of digital RMB for enterprises in Jiangsu province, the company took the lead in realizing the application of digital RMB payment in the province’s expressways and user travel services, and has now realized the digital RMB payment function of ETC service outlets, Tongbao APP and MTC lanes of some toll stations in the province. During the reporting period, the recovery of expressway toll flow increased significantly, which led to the rapid growth of the company’s electronic toll settlement amount, reaching 23.6 billion yuan in the first half of 2023, an increase of 32.02% over the same period of last year.

2. Smart traffic operation management system business

The company’s intelligent transportation operation management system business relies on cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things and other technologies to develop and maintain intelligent transportation systems, effectively supporting comprehensive transportation operation decision management and services, and focusing on three major business scenarios of intelligent transportation command and dispatch, operational services and integrated management. It has formed three major service themes of "smooth travel, high quality and smart speed" and six product systems of "dispatching, charging, maintenance, service, integrated management and digital intelligence", which have the leading level in China. Its main customers are government agencies related to transportation management, road and bridge enterprises and institutions, traffic police and other law enforcement units.

At present, the company has accelerated the digital transformation of intelligent transportation and deepened the integrated technology path of "cloud-network-edge-end", and has formed a number of intelligent transportation application products and comprehensive solutions with high technical content, strong profitability, scale and sustainability. In February, 2023, the company’s independent innovative products "AI video analysis cloud control platform", "ETC electronic fence", "cloud charging-robot" and "tunnel digital twin technology" appeared at the "Digital Traffic Control" innovative product launch conference in 2023. At present, the company’s scientific and technological products mainly include: dispatching cloud and other series of cloud control platform products, state-owned cloud, SD-WAN intelligent networking technical services, high-speed brain, AI video analysis cloud control platform, free cloud charging solution, charging robot, tunnel digital twin technology and cloud+high-speed intelligent service platform, etc. The relevant products are as follows:

(1) Scheduling Cloud

"Dispatching Cloud" is a real-time interactive cloud service platform based on the concept of "internet plus Traffic", with travelers as the center, relying on rich advanced technologies and services on the cloud, and built around the emergency handling of expressways, with full coverage of processes, all-round management and full participation of the society. At present, it has achieved large-scale commercial operation, and has been used in expressways and some trunk highways in Jiangsu Province, and extended to Guizhou, Henan, Hebei, Guangxi, Hunan and other provinces. In the first half of 2023, the project newly expanded some high-speed management units outside the province, as well as some industry customers such as traffic emergency management units in prefecture-level cities and county-level cities in the province. In the first half of the year, the business achieved an operating income of 36,948,800 yuan, an increase of 47.57% over the same period of last year.

(2) Toll Cloud

The "toll cloud" is an independent innovation technology such as license plate "cloud recognition", () processing and fault-tolerant path restoration, which intelligently analyzes multi-dimensional captured data, identifies, locates, tracks and warns "specific vehicles", and builds a toll auxiliary system with accurate accounting, online billing and real-time escape, providing strong support for toll inspection.

(3) State-owned assets cloud

The "state-owned assets cloud" platform promotes the deep integration of informatization and state-owned assets supervision business around the "three majors and one big" decision-making, property right registration and transformation, foreign investment, financing guarantee and performance evaluation, and realizes the digital transformation of state-owned assets supervision business from decentralization to centralization, supervision information from isolation to sharing, management quality and efficiency from plane to three-dimensional, and supervision process from afterwards to real-time. During the reporting period, the project won the bid for the "Digital State-owned Assets" supervision platform project of Yancheng State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, achieving a breakthrough in state-owned assets projects at the prefecture level. Up to now, the platform has been applied in Jiangsu State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Yancheng State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, China Communications Construction Co., Ltd. and other provincial state-owned enterprises such as (), Eastern Airport and Suliang Group.

(4) Internal control cloud

"Internal Control Cloud" is a reusable and customizable full-process digital management software service product for customers. This product uses the concept of flattening and great collaboration to finely manage and control the internal office processes in real time, and changes manual supervision into process supervision and data supervision. Through this product, the processes of information disclosure, document handover, supervision, procurement, salary, contract, meeting, payment, business trip, car use and duty are visualized and managed in a streamlined way, thus realizing the digitalization of organizational structure and process coordination, and greatly improving the office efficiency and management benefits of customers. At present, it has been widely used in expressway operation and management units such as Jiangsu and Shanxi.

(5) Conservation of clouds

"Maintenance Cloud" takes routine road inspection and maintenance as its core function, and realizes closed-loop road maintenance business management integrating maintenance plan, task assignment, inspection, disease reporting, construction measurement, assessment and statistical analysis, which promotes the transformation of experience management into a programmed and standardized management mode and further improves the efficiency and quality of maintenance management. This product has been applied in Guizhou Expressway and Xuzhou national and provincial trunk highways. Relying on the maintenance cloud, the reporting efficiency of expressway diseases under the jurisdiction of Guizhou Expressway Group increased by 3 times, the inspection efficiency increased by 4 times, and the accuracy of disease identification reached over 92%. In the first half of the year, the business achieved an operating income of 5,004,000 yuan, an increase of 65.61% over the same period of last year.

(6)SD-WAN intelligent networking technical services

"SD-WAN Intelligent Networking Technology Service" adopts two-way Internet broadband access, and undertakes the functions of safe and stable data transmission of various services from local to cloud. It solves the problems of long construction period, high cost, insufficient network accessibility and difficult data aggregation of traditional networks, greatly reduces the management difficulty, improves the network quality, ensures the stable bearing of expressway toll collection, communication and other services, and realizes cost reduction and efficiency increase. "SD-WAN networking technology" has achieved full coverage of 46 road sections, 95 pairs of service areas, 430 toll stations and 3,500 lanes in Jiangsu road network, supporting data transmission of more than 30 digital services.

(7) high-speed brain

Through the deep integration and exploration of blockchain technology and transportation industry, "High-speed Brain" has established an autonomous and controllable digital infrastructure, expanded and built a credible data space and value network oriented to the transportation industry ecology, realized the collection, gathering and sharing of multi-factor scenes, full business processes and pan-high-speed ecology, solved the problems of incomplete data gathering, unreliable sharing and transmission, difficult support for business collaboration and difficult establishment of digital ecology, and made overall consideration of the road smooth work by digital means to effectively realize high-speed. In the first half of the year, the above projects have not yet generated income, and it is expected that business income will be generated in the second half of the year.

(8)AI video analysis cloud control platform

"AI video analysis cloud control platform" is based on multi-source heterogeneous data fusion processing, AI video image algorithm evaluation and analysis, rule engine machine governance, business adaptability deep learning optimization and other technical links, and applies the self-developed "AI square" to construct the event monitoring early warning data that forms automation, visualization and fits the traffic application scene after intelligent identification, data fusion, algorithm analysis, multiple governance and training and learning. The platform can detect traffic accidents, abnormal parking, foreign body scattering, vehicle congestion, vehicle retrograde and other abnormal conditions in real time, and give an alarm prompt in real time. After application, it can greatly improve the highway traffic capacity and the ability to deal with accidents and incidents quickly. The test results show that compared with the traditional event discovery method, the intelligent early warning can be carried out 20 minutes in advance on average through the cloud control platform. The cloud control platform has been applied in East Expressway, Suhuaiyan Expressway and Nanjing-Hangzhou Expressway, and it is expected to be put into use in the second half of the year and generate business income.

(9) Free Cloud Charging Solution

The construction of "Free Cloud Charging Solution" focuses on "charging robot" and provides an overall solution for highway "free cloud charging", which improves the overall adaptability of toll station functions and reduces the construction cost, and realizes the full decoupling, data integration and online business of the charging system, and realizes the functions of accurate online charging, intelligent real-time audit, synchronous settlement verification and efficient special handling based on cloud big data. At present, a comprehensive charging system software with functions of charging, check-in and auditing has been formed, as well as family hardware products that are highly adapted to it, such as charging robot, digital economy big screen, fog lamp integrated equipment, grating vehicle type recognition integrated machine, integrated intelligent hurdle machine, ETC antenna and controller and license plate recognition camera. At present, the solution has been applied in 14 toll stations, such as (), Ningjingyan Expressway, Yanjiang Expressway, Suhuaiyan Expressway, Lianxu Expressway, Nanjing-Hangzhou Expressway and East Expressway, and 50 toll robots and 344 other family-owned equipment in toll lanes have been deployed. The production environment test shows that the solution can greatly improve the efficiency of expressway toll collection. It is estimated that each toll lane can save 2-3 toll collectors and greatly reduce the cost of expressway operation and management. It is expected that the free cloud charging solution will be widely applied in Jiangsu road network in the second half of the year.

(10) Tunnel digital twin technology

Based on the two management objectives of "safety" and "smoothness" of tunnels, "tunnel digital twin technology" sets up a "virtual and real bridge" for the integrated operation and management of roads and tunnels, and creates a "Jiangsu model" for the intelligent management of tunnels. This technology can not only realize the real-time presentation of all dynamic and static elements, but also directly operate the feedback on the twin page, which makes the tunnel management more intelligent, effectively solves the operational problems of the largest underwater tunnel in China, such as high requirements for real-time online operation monitoring, difficult emergency rescue, difficult equipment management and control, high requirements for preventive and active management and control, and greatly improves the tunnel operation efficiency. This technology has been demonstrated in Taihu Tunnel, the longest underwater tunnel in China, and has been applied in Yangzhou City Tunnel Group and Tongzi Tunnel in Guizhou.

(11) Cloud+high-speed intelligent service platform

"Cloud+high-speed intelligent service platform" is a digital high-speed traffic police business cloud platform built around the service management and law enforcement of high-speed traffic police under the trend of "one network for all roads", adhering to the concept of "multi-party joint management, resource joint use and service joint work". The platform can realize the sharing of bad weather data, from passive disposal afterwards to active prevention in advance and active response in the event, which can effectively promote the high-quality development of Jiangsu high-speed traffic safety management and travel service guarantee. The platform has been applied in Jiangsu Provincial Traffic Police Corps.

3. Smart Transportation Derivative Business

The derivative business of smart transportation is mainly the ETC ecosystem business related to car life. Relying on the advantages of the number of ETC users and the volume of data, we will build ecological scenes with "ETC+" as the core, integrate user services such as high-speed traffic, parking, refueling, road economy and car maintenance, innovate business models, create derivative services of ETC ecosystem, and provide customers with integrated car life services.

During the reporting period, the company actively promoted the construction of ETC ecosystem and innovated the business model of smart transportation derivative business. Adhering to ETC’s strategy of "getting off the road and entering the city", ETC’s smart parking business pioneered the overall solution of "electronic fence" technology in China, effectively solving the problem of "leakage" in traditional parking mode, which has been built and operated in more than 20 cities and counties such as Suqian City, Wuxi City, Taizhou City, Nanjing Gaochun City and Suzhou Taicang City. In the first half of the year, 863 new parking lots were signed up and 767 were put into operation. By June 2023, ETC’s smart parking business had been put into operation. Carry out actions to improve the efficiency of ETC polymerization refueling process and optimize the refueling experience of refueling workers and customers. During the reporting period, the transaction volume of polymerization payment refueling was 787 million yuan, an increase of 41% compared with the second half of 2022; Focusing on the consumer demand of car-related consumer products and car owners’ daily necessities, the company built a "1+1 +2" business service matrix of "Tongbaoxiaodian+TongbaoTik Tok Live+2 Mobile Consumer Terminals" to build an exclusive business service platform for ETC users and provide personalized and customized consumer services; Providing supply chain collaborative services such as customer acquisition channels, product operation strategy optimization and risk management measures for banks, factoring companies, truck transportation platforms and other cooperative institutions, the business has grown rapidly. In the first half of the year, the derivative business of smart transportation achieved an operating income of 13,055,800 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 138.01%.

(II) The industry in which the company is located during the reporting period.

1, the company’s industry

The company’s main business belongs to the field of intelligent transportation business. It mainly provides software development, overall solutions and technical services by analyzing the information system requirements and system design of customers’ business needs, and develops intelligent transportation electronic toll collection business, intelligent transportation operation management system business and intelligent transportation derivative business.

2, the industry development and development trend

Intelligent transportation is an important area of new infrastructure. In recent years, the state has successively issued a large number of policies and measures to support the development of intelligent transportation, and the intelligent transportation industry is in a period of rapid development. The national transportation power strategy, the new infrastructure policy and the Tenth Five-Year Plan have continuously promoted the digital transformation of the transportation industry. From top-level design to supporting implementation, the policy dividend of the smart transportation industry has been continuously released, and the two-wheel drive of policy demand has boosted the smart transportation industry to usher in a sustained and prosperous development, accompanied by deep excavation of data capabilities, which has driven the industry’s efficiency to continue to improve. The recent core policies of the smart transportation industry include the digital economy policy, the new infrastructure policy, the traffic power policy at the national level, and the relevant policies of the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other relevant ministries and commissions in transportation planning, traffic safety and order management, and intelligent network connection.

The intelligent transportation industry has been growing for a long time. Due to the unbalanced level of economic development and technological development in different regions of China, the investment and construction of intelligent transportation management system in China are uneven in various regions, and the intelligent transportation business also presents certain regional characteristics. According to the forecast of Yiou think tank, the smart transportation market in China will reach 10.6 trillion yuan by 2030, with a broad growth space. It is expected that the technologies related to intelligent transportation will continue to mature in the future, and the intelligent layout of vehicles, roads and clouds will continue to improve, and the market will show a steady growth trend. Policy promotion, customer demand and technological progress have accelerated the transformation of the transportation industry from informationization to digitalization, and data has gradually become one of the core production factors. The characteristics of interconnection and data element empowerment have prompted the intelligent transportation industry to move towards "cloud-network-edge-end" integrated technology integration and life-cycle value operation. The market share of Smart Exchange began to concentrate on the head enterprises with data and algorithm capabilities and in-depth understanding of the industry.

In the field of electronic toll collection for smart transportation, electronic toll collection for expressways in China started relatively late, and began to be implemented on a pilot basis in 2005. In recent years, the General Office of the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Transport have successively issued policies to encourage and support the development and application of ETC, and the industry has achieved rapid development. At present, ETC is the most important toll collection method for toll roads in China. With the continuous improvement of the national network toll collection mechanism, the continuous expansion of application scenarios and the continuous improvement of technical level, the application of ETC is moving towards the 2.0 stage. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Public Security, by the end of June 2023, there were 328 million cars in China and 16.2 million new energy vehicles. In the first half of 2023, there were 16.88 million newly registered motor vehicles nationwide, a year-on-year increase of 1.9%; According to the relevant data released by china automobile dealers association, in the first half of 2023, the national second-hand car transaction volume was 8.77 million. Overall, there is still much room for development in this subdivision.

3, the company’s industry status

After years of development, the company has actively expanded the national market by virtue of its industry-leading technical advantages, product advantages and operational advantages, and has now become a leading supplier of intelligent transportation platform solutions for expressways, trunk roads and urban transportation.

(1) The first listed company in the industry and the national benchmark for the reform of state-owned enterprises.

In September, 2022, the company was successfully listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange, becoming the first listed company in the ETC distribution service industry in China, laying a solid foundation for making better use of the capital market to promote the high-quality development of enterprises. The company is a national "science and technology reform demonstration enterprise", Jiangsu "small double hundred" comprehensive reform enterprise and Jiangsu mixed ownership reform enterprise, making full use of the reform policy and capital market advantages, and has established a sound corporate governance structure and market-oriented operation mechanism. After being evaluated as "excellent" enterprises by the State Council State-owned Enterprise Reform Office for two consecutive years in 2020 and 2021, the achievements of reform practice were evaluated as "benchmark" enterprises (20/159) in 2022, which became a model for the reform of state-owned enterprises.

(2) The total number of 2)ETC issuing users ranks among the top three in China.

The company is the only ETC distribution service organization in Jiangsu Province, taking the lead in realizing Internet distribution in the industry and realizing the nationwide distribution of distribution business. By the end of June 2023, the company had developed about 23.058 million ETC users nationwide, ranking the top three in the country in terms of total users. The company now has a strong level of software technology, and has established a relatively perfect user service system and channel operation system.

(3) The scale of "ETC+" businesses such as parking lots has grown rapidly.

As the only main implementation unit of the provincial demonstration area of ETC smart parking in China, the company is based in Jiangsu and has a nationwide layout, deepening the integration and development of high-speed dynamic smart transportation and urban static smart transportation, adhering to the ETC strategy of "going down to the city", and initiating the overall solution of "electronic fence" technology for ETC smart parking business in China, and promoting the application of ETC charging system in large transportation hubs, as well as smart parking lots in different scenes such as hospitals, universities, commercial complexes, tourist attractions and residential properties. In the field of smart transportation derivative business, the company has built a comprehensive ecosystem of smart transportation and continuously innovated its business model, which has great potential for future development.

(4) The business of intelligent transportation operation management system is in the leading position in the industry.

In the field of intelligent transportation operation and management, the company is in a leading position in the industry, closely following the management and service requirements of the transportation industry, and has successively developed a series of cloud control products, taking the lead in realizing the "cloud" of business in the industry, promoting the national leading level of Jiangsu’s high-speed intelligence, and has been applied in highway networks in 20 provinces across the country such as Guizhou, Hebei and Henan, realizing the national market layout of business. The cloud series products developed by the company based on the cloud network convergence architecture have realized the convergence and sharing of data resources and effective collaboration of business applications, enhanced the emergency command and decision-making ability of traffic operation management, improved the efficiency and safety level of road network operation management, and provided all-round and accompanying information services for the public, constantly promoting the intelligent and digital transformation of expressway industry.

Second, the core competitiveness analysis

(A) technical advantages

1. Establish a "self-centered, self-controllable, open, integrated, flexible and efficient" R&D system to create the source of key core technologies.

The company is committed to the innovation and development in the field of digital transportation, constantly improving its scientific research capabilities, establishing a scientific research and development system that is "self-centered, self-controllable, open, integrated, flexible and efficient", focusing on three business scenarios of intelligent transportation command and dispatch, operation service and comprehensive management, and has successively launched a number of scientific and technological innovations that "lead the direction of the industry, promote transportation reform and subvert the traditional model". Many scientific and technological innovations are at an advanced level in the industry and have formed a "smooth line" By June 2023, the company had acquired 291 intellectual property rights, including 23 invention patents, 73 utility model and appearance patents and 195 software copyrights. During the reporting period, the company obtained the "AAA Credit Enterprise" certification, completed the ISO27001 information security management system certification, and passed the ISO9001 quality management system, ISO20000 information technology service management system and CMMI five-level software capability maturity management system certification. The company led the preparation of the group standard "Jiangsu ETC Smart Parking Construction Specification", which has passed the outline review of Jiangsu Comprehensive Transportation Society; Leading the preparation of the local standard "ETC Smart Cloud Parking Management Construction Specification", which has passed the pre-examination of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Transportation.

2. Build a "1+1+1+N" intelligent ecological alliance and build an ecological system of digital transportation scientific research cooperation.

The company has built a "1+1+1+N" intelligent transportation ecological alliance and continuously expanded the "circle of friends" for scientific research cooperation. Strengthen exchanges and cooperation with authoritative scientific research institutions, solve all kinds of "stuck neck" technical problems, and achieve important scientific research and technology research. Strengthen cooperation with well-known colleges and universities, and carry out academic, theoretical and practical multi-dimensional systematic research on key projects. Sign a talent training plan with the software laboratory of Nanjing University, carry out talent introduction and training, and build a software testing and data application laboratory; Cooperate with Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications to carry out research on traffic knowledge maps and other fields. Strengthen cooperation with well-known industrial Internet enterprises, realize cross-industry, cross-field and inter-departmental collaborative development mechanism, and jointly build an ecosystem of digital transportation scientific research cooperation. Cooperate with (), Huawei, Tencent Cloud, Shangtang Technology, Qingyun Technology and China Communications Hyde to set up six laboratories, namely, toll station digital twin joint laboratory, 5G edge equipment joint laboratory, industry application center joint laboratory, high-definition video cloud application joint laboratory, smart view joint laboratory and road and meteorological digital early warning joint laboratory. The company has become a strategic partner with () and ZTE to promote the innovative development of the transportation industry in terms of new technologies, new models and new applications.

3, build new infrastructure, rich achievements in scientific and technological innovation.

In line with the strategic deployment of the national "new infrastructure" and the requirements of the times, we will further improve the new digital transportation infrastructure technology architecture based on "cloud control", "smart network" as the transmission mode, "smart edge" as the calculation carrier, "smart end" as the IOT unit, and "cloud-network-edge-end" as a whole, so as to promote the digital transformation and intelligent upgrade of expressway network, and promote the automatic driving. The company is recognized as a national high-tech enterprise, a top 10 digital transportation enterprise in Jiangsu Province, a key software enterprise encouraged by the state, a leading enterprise in the high-quality development of modern service industry in Jiangsu Province, an engineering technology research center in Jiangsu Province, an engineering technology research center for smart high-speed travel service and operation in Jiangsu Province, an engineering technology research center for smart transportation cloud services in Jiangsu Province, and a Samsung Shangyun enterprise in Jiangsu Province. The core technology product "Dispatching Cloud" was selected as "Excellent Case of Digital Transformation of State-owned Enterprises in China"; "Digital Innovative Application of Highway Collaborative Command and Dispatching Cloud Service Platform" was selected as a typical case of digital transformation of listed companies in China; "SD-WAN Full Coverage Networking" was selected as an excellent case of "Cloud Computing Standards and Open Source Promotion Conference" and included in "Top Ten Symbolic Projects of Smart Jiangsu"; "Cloud-network-edge-end" digital new infrastructure project and "ETC ecological operation platform" project won the second prize of China traffic investment and financing innovation; "Jiangsu High-speed Brain" was selected as a pilot demonstration project for the development of big data industry in Jiangsu Province; "Jiangsu Expressway’s Integrated Digital Governance and Intelligent Decision-making Platform for Building, Managing and Supporting Services" is included."Smart Jiangsu Key Project" and "Top Ten Symbolic Projects of Smart Jiangsu", and won the "2023 China Expressway Informatization Annual Selection-Best Product" award from China Highway Society; "Eye on the Road-Video AI Intelligent Platform" was selected as an innovative product of artificial intelligence integration in Jiangsu Province in 2022; The project "Research and Demonstration on Key Technologies of Expressway Cloud Audit Management" was selected as the second prize of Science and Technology Award of Jiangsu Comprehensive Transportation Society.

(B) Market application advantages

In the field of intelligent transportation segmentation, the company has always been deeply involved in the Jiangsu market, and actively expanded the national market by virtue of industry-leading technological advantages, product advantages and operational advantages. By the end of June 2023, the company had developed about 23.058 million ETC users nationwide, covering 30 provinces and cities across the country, with the total number of users ranking among the top in the country. With "ETC+" as the core, a comprehensive intelligent transportation ecosystem in vertical areas such as ETC+ highway, parking, refueling, supply chain service and road economy has been built.

In the business field of intelligent transportation operation management system, based on the advantages of independent technology, after years of operation, the company has rich experience in project implementation and achieved a lot of excellent project results. The company actively implements the development strategy of digital economy, develops and promotes digital technology products, and has formed mature business models and products, which have been extended to 20 provinces across the country, providing intelligent solutions for the "new infrastructure" of national transportation. Rich product market application experience provides a strong competitive advantage for the company to expand its business and further develop in the future.

(C) Strategic synergy advantages

The company makes full use of the advantages of resources, scenes and business in Jiangsu Road Network to create a "test field" and "incubation area" for innovation and creation, promote the incubation and transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements in the internal market, form mature experiences and models, export them to the national market, and create a smooth internal and external dual-cycle industrial development system; Establish capital and business cooperation relations with China UnionPay, (), Nantong Transportation Group and Tencent, and exert strategic synergy with the advantages of resources, technology and scenarios of each shareholder; Establish good and close cooperative relations with more than ten financial institutions such as Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Bank of China and China Construction Bank, further promote the integrated development of consumption scenarios and financial services, and enhance the depth and breadth of the company’s services in the field of "transportation+"; Vigorously carry out scientific and technological innovation exchanges and strategic cooperation, and establish strategic partnerships with well-known enterprises such as China Telecom, Huawei, Hikvision, ZTE, Tencent Cloud, Shangtang Technology, Qingyun Technology and China Communications Hyde to promote the innovative development of the transportation industry in new technologies, new models and new applications; Strengthen cooperation with well-known universities such as Nanjing University, Southeast University and Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, and jointly set up a "think tank brain" with scientists, industry experts and college professors to carry out academic, theoretical and practical multi-dimensional systematic research on key projects and form a reproducible, producible and exportable guiding scientific research plan.

(D) Management advantages

Through years of reform and development, the company has established a complete and effective management system and mechanism, the governance structure is more perfect, the decision-making mechanism is more efficient, the market-oriented selection and employment mechanism is more flexible, the market-oriented incentive and restraint mechanism is more perfect, and the kinetic energy of scientific and technological innovation is effectively stimulated. At present, the company has a professional, mature and stable core team with rich industry experience, technical experience and management experience, which can seamlessly connect the whole process of customer demand, product design, R&D and maintenance services, and has excellent business execution and product realization capabilities. The company’s R&D team has always followed the forefront of industry and technology development, followed the direction of industry development, and constantly learned from industry development, integrating advanced product development and design ideas into the company’s products, providing solid support for the company’s development.

In the reform of state-owned enterprises, the company has become a benchmark for the reform of state-owned enterprises, and the reform practice of "Demonstration Action of Scientific Reform" has been selected as an excellent case of the State Council SASAC; The three-year action case of state-owned enterprise reform was selected as a typical case of Jiangsu SASAC. The company was once again selected as one of the national "scientific reform enterprises" and launched a new round of scientific reform action (2022-2025), which will make full use of the new round of reform policies and opportunities, continue to deepen the reform of the system and mechanism, further stimulate the vitality of enterprise development and promote the high-quality development of enterprises.

Iii. Risks faced by the Company and Countermeasures

1. Risk of policy change

With the sustained and rapid development of China’s economy, the demand for residents’ life and travel is increasing day by day, and the smart transportation industry has developed rapidly. Since the State Council’s "Government Work Report" in 2019 proposed that the provincial toll stations of national expressways should be basically abolished within two years to realize fast toll collection without stopping, the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Transport have successively issued a series of policies to encourage the related construction of non-stop toll collection, creating a good environment for the rapid and healthy development of enterprises in the industry.

Although the medium-and long-term planning of the country has clearly focused on the development of the intelligent transportation industry, and the supporting policy of the country for non-stop charging has a strong practical basis and social needs for a long time, if the government’s supporting policies for intelligent transportation related fields, especially ETC technical routes, are adjusted or the pace of implementation is uncertain in the future, the company’s operating performance will be affected to some extent.

In view of the above risks, the company will pay close attention to policy changes, strengthen strategic layout, optimize business structure, increase R&D investment and scientific and technological innovation, actively expand new commercial application fields and business models, enhance the company’s anti-risk ability and sustainable development ability, and maintain its leading position in the industry.

2. Industry competition intensifies risks.

As one of the important fields of intelligent transportation, ETC industry is becoming more and more market-oriented, and the market competition pattern is in a stage of rapid change. At present, the company is the only authorized ETC issuer in Jiangsu Province. Although it has established a perfect online distribution channel and can realize nationwide ETC issuance, it has not yet established an offline ETC issuance service network outside Jiangsu Province. Due to factors such as local car owners’ habit of choosing to handle ETC business in their permanent residence, there is still great competitive pressure for the company to handle ETC issuance business outside Jiangsu Province. If there are major changes in the future industry policies, industry norms and market competition pattern, the company’s ETC issuance and sales market share is at risk of being seized by competitors.

In the field of intelligent transportation business, although the company took the lead in developing a series of products such as cloud control platforms in the industry, which have the first-Mover advantages in products and services and have a high market share, on the one hand, there are companies engaged in similar businesses in all provinces, which have certain market resources and regional service advantages in the local area. In the future, with the improvement of technology and service capabilities of such companies, the company will face greater market competition when further exploring the national business market; On the other hand, the relatively high profit margin of the smart transportation industry also attracts other enterprises to enter the industry through infiltration, merger and reorganization, industrial transformation, etc., and there is a risk of intensified competition in the industry in the future.

In view of the above risks, the company will seize the strategic opportunity of digital economy countries, strengthen industry research and market insight, use the deep understanding of smart transportation industry and business, improve the accuracy of understanding user needs and the foresight of market trends, give play to the advantages of technological innovation, enrich product development matrix, and provide customers with all-round solutions; Improve the marketing promotion system, vigorously expand the national product market, expand brand influence, consolidate and increase market share, and enhance market comprehensive competitiveness; Strengthen industry exchanges and technical cooperation, actively build a diversified ecosystem of partners, and build a "moat" with continuous R&D and innovation capabilities.

3, technology update risk

The development of intelligent transportation industry needs to effectively integrate advanced information technology, data communication and transmission technology, electronic sensing technology, electronic control technology and computer processing technology on the basis of perfect infrastructure, so as to establish a real-time, accurate and efficient intelligent transportation operation and management system that plays a role in a wide range and in all directions. This industry has the characteristics of fast technology update. If the company can’t accurately grasp the technology development trend of the industry and follow up the direction of technology research and development in the future, or the speed of product research and development can’t match the demand of the industry and competent departments for technology update, the company’s market competitiveness and sustainable development will be adversely affected.

In view of the above risks, the company will pay close attention to the dynamic development of technologies in emerging fields, dynamically optimize and adjust the technology planning and research and development direction of new technologies according to the changes in market demand and technology development, strictly manage the research and development and application process, and strengthen the collaborative development workflow of technologies and products; At the same time, the company will continue to increase investment in R&D, strengthen the construction of technical personnel, introduce outstanding technical personnel and integrate internal R&D forces, improve the incentive mechanism for R&D personnel, actively promote the transformation of technological R&D achievements, maintain the overall leading edge of technical teams, and consolidate the leading position in the industry in major business-related technologies.

China speeds up legislation to break the chronic diseases of drugs, vaccines and ＂medical troubles＂

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 27th Title: Eliminate the pain of medication, the worry of vaccine and the trouble of "medical trouble" — — China speeds up medical and health legislation to "prescribe medicine" for chronic medical problems.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Tian Xiaohang

　　The problem vaccine cases are shocking. Fake drugs and high-priced drugs make patients look forward to "medicine", and frequent "medical troubles" hurt "doctors" and "patients". In order to get rid of these persistent medical problems, the draft law on basic medical care and health promotion, which was submitted to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for the second review a few days ago, puts forward that the personal safety and personal dignity of medical and health personnel should not be violated, a whole-course drug traceability system should be established, and a planned vaccination system &hellip should be implemented; … Safeguarding the rights and interests of doctors and patients with the rigid constraints of law.

　　Crack down on "medical trouble": the practice place of medical and health institutions is a public place.

　　On September 22nd, three obstetricians and gynecologists in Peking University First Hospital, including He Yingdong, were beaten by the patients’ families while on duty, and the problem of "medical trouble" was once again pushed to the forefront of public opinion.

　　According to the White Paper on Physicians’ Practice in China released by the Chinese Medical Doctor Association in early 2018, only 34% of physicians have never personally experienced violent medical injuries. In recent years, from "medical trouble being punished" to multi-department joint punishment, the state has frequently cracked down on "medical trouble", but it is still difficult to eliminate the phenomenon of violent injury to doctors.

　　The second draft of the draft law on basic medical care and health promotion proposes that the personal safety and personal dignity of medical and health personnel are inviolable and their legitimate rights and interests are protected by law. The practice place of medical and health institutions is a public place providing medical and health services, and no organization or individual may disturb its order.

　　"In order to maintain the normal medical order and the professional rights and interests of medical and health personnel, and ensure that patients have a good medical environment and medical rights, it is necessary and urgent to clarify the legal attributes of medical and health institutions." Deng Yong, an associate professor in the Department of Law of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, believes that defining the practice places of medical and health institutions as public places is conducive to the better connection between the law and the punishment law for public security administration, and the public security organs can enforce the law more effectively to crack down on "medical troubles" according to law.

　　To reduce violent injuries to doctors, in addition to protecting the rights and interests of medical and health personnel, it is necessary to reduce the contradiction between doctors and patients in a multi-pronged manner to prevent problems before they occur.

　　Protect the rights and interests of patients. The second draft of the draft puts forward that citizens have the right to informed consent on matters related to illness, diagnosis and treatment plan, medical risks, medical expenses and so on when receiving medical and health services. Citizens have the right to voluntarily participate in clinical trials of drugs and medical devices and other experimental medical research according to law and enjoy informed consent.

　　Strengthen the management of medical institutions. The second draft of the draft proposes that the state should establish a medical dispute prevention and handling mechanism to properly handle medical disputes and maintain medical order. Medical and health industry organizations and medical and health institutions shall strengthen the education of medical ethics for medical and health personnel. Medical and health personnel shall not take advantage of their positions to ask for, illegally accept property or seek other illegitimate interests.

　　"It is necessary to really get rid of profit-seeking factors such as taking medicine to support doctors, over-medical treatment, over-examination and setting income-generating indicators for hospitals, so that public medical care can return to public welfare." Deng Yong said that the fundamental solution to the problem of "medical troubles" depends on continuously deepening the reform of the medical and health system, effectively solving the problems of difficulty and high cost of medical treatment, and improving the salary and treatment of medical and health personnel and patients’ medical experience.

　　Let the masses use the rest assured drugs: establish the whole process traceability system of drugs

　　Selling more than 30 kinds of fake anticancer drugs to 30 provinces in China, a box of drugs can make a maximum profit of 10 thousand yuan, and the amount involved exceeds 10 million yuan … … A huge case of manufacturing and selling counterfeit drugs in Shenzhen exposed the defects in the field of drug quality and safety supervision in China.

　　In order to let the people use the rest assured drugs, the second draft of the Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion Law has a special chapter, which makes detailed provisions on the related issues of "drug supply guarantee".

　　It is clear from the second draft that the state will improve the supply capacity of essential drugs, strengthen the quality and safety supervision of essential drugs, and ensure the fair, accessible and rational use of essential drugs. The state improves the drug supply guarantee system, establishes a coordination mechanism for drug guarantee, and coordinates the research and development, production, circulation, use, evaluation and supervision of drugs to ensure the safety, effectiveness and accessibility of drug use by citizens.

　　Enterprises produce "medicine for conscience" and pharmacies don’t sell "medicine for black heart", so people can use "medicine for rest assured". The risk of drug quality and safety exists in the whole life cycle of drug research and development, production, circulation, management and use. To this end, the second draft of the draft proposes that the state should strengthen the management of drugs and establish a whole-course traceability system for drugs to ensure the quality and safety of drugs.

　　"The whole process of traceability can realize that the source of drugs can be traced, the destination can be traced, and the responsibility can be investigated." Yan Jianzhou, a project researcher at the National Drug Policy and Pharmaceutical Industry Economic Research Center of China Pharmaceutical University, said that in the event of drug quality and safety problems, the whole traceability system can also control the scope of influence, recall related products, find out the reasons in time, and protect the rights and interests of the people.

　　The phenomenon of winning the bid at ultra-low price in the bidding of essential drugs also brings hidden dangers to the quality of drugs. Experts generally believe that this kind of behavior seriously affects the normal supply of clinical drugs and has a greater degree of social harm. Therefore, we should increase the punishment and increase the illegal cost.

　　To this end, the second draft of the draft clearly States that the state strengthens the supervision and management of centralized drug procurement, and bidders participating in drug procurement bidding shall not bid at a price lower than the cost. The second draft review also strengthened the legal responsibility of bidders who participated in drug procurement bidding at a price below the cost in violation of the law.

　　In recent years, there are frequent local and structural shortages of clinically necessary drugs such as protamine and mitomycin. How to eliminate the pain of "waiting for medicine to save lives"

　　The second draft of the draft proposes that the state publishes the list of essential drugs, and dynamically adjusts the list of essential drugs according to the clinical application practice of drugs, changes in drug standards, and the new listing of drugs.

　　"Dynamic adjustment can make the newly approved drugs with significantly improved efficacy and reasonable price enter the catalogue in time to ensure the accessibility of patients." Yan Jianzhou said that drugs whose clinical effects no longer have comparative advantages or have quality and safety problems can also be transferred out of the catalogue in time through dynamic adjustment, so that the safety of patients’ medication is guaranteed.

　　Resolving vaccine anxiety: the state implements a planned vaccination system.

　　Changchun Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. illegally produced rabies vaccine and other vaccine cases, which exposed loopholes and potential risks in the supervision of vaccine production and use, and caused continuous concern of public opinion.

　　In order to dispel the public’s doubts and worries, the second draft of the Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion Law proposed that the state implements a planned vaccination system, and citizens have the right and obligation to receive the national immunization program vaccine according to law. Vaccines used for vaccination should be produced in strict accordance with good manufacturing practice, meet the national drug standards, and ensure safety and effectiveness.

　　The second draft of the draft also proposed that the state should implement a vaccination certificate system for children. When children enter nursery schools, nursery institutions and schools shall examine vaccination certificates, and if they find that they have not been inoculated according to the national immunization plan, they shall report according to law, and cooperate with relevant units to urge their guardians to replant in time after children enter nursery schools and schools.

　　Deng Yong believes that raising some contents of vaccine-related administrative regulations and rules into law can realize the scientificity, completeness and rationality of legislation; Defining the responsibilities of all parties in the process of vaccine use in law will also help to avoid the occurrence of vaccine fraud and adverse reactions.

　　The reporter learned that the revised draft of the Drug Administration Law, which was submitted to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for deliberation for the first time a few days ago, also listed separate provisions to strengthen the supervision of vaccines and other special drugs. For example, in the process of vaccine development, production, circulation and vaccination, information technology should be used to collect and retain traceability information. The holder of the marketing license of the vaccine shall be insured in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

　　Vaccines are involved in many places in the revised draft of the Drug Administration Law. For example, vaccines, blood products, narcotic drugs, psychotropic drugs, and toxic drugs for medical use may not be commissioned for production, except in cases where the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council stipulates that the production can be commissioned. The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department shall focus on supervision and inspection of biological products such as vaccines. In addition, the revised draft comprehensively increases penalties, and clarifies that six types of illegal acts, such as the production and sale of vaccines belonging to counterfeit drugs and inferior drugs, will be severely punished within the statutory scope.

Central Bank： No compulsory collection of consumer financial information in disguise.

　　On December 27th, the People’s Bank of China publicly solicited opinions on the Implementation Measures of the People’s Bank of China for the Protection of Financial Consumers’ Rights and Interests (Draft for Comment). The "Implementation Measures" specifically regulate the behavior norms of financial institutions, the protection of consumers’ financial information, and the settlement of financial consumption disputes.

　　What should financial institutions do?

　　Protection of consumers’ rights and interests should be included in the assessment.

　　The "Implementation Measures" require that financial institutions should formulate the overall plan and specific work measures for the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests in their own institutions. Establish a full-time department or designate a lead department to protect the rights and interests of financial consumers, clarify the responsibilities of departments and personnel, and ensure that they have enough manpower and material resources to work independently.

　　Financial institutions shall carry out special training on the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests at least once a year.

　　When financial institutions carry out evaluation, they should take the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests as an important content, rationally allocate the proportion and weight of relevant indicators, comprehensively consider business compliance, customer satisfaction, timely complaint handling rate and qualified rate, and not simply take the number of complaints as the evaluation index.

　　Relevant information shall be kept for at least three years after the termination of business relationship.

　　The "Implementation Measures" stipulate that when financial institutions disclose information on financial products and services, they should use a way that is conducive to the reception and understanding of financial consumers. The rules for the collection and use of consumer financial information should be made public, and the purpose, method and scope of the collection and use of consumer financial information should be clearly stated. For important information related to the immediate interests of financial consumers, such as interest rates, fees, benefits and risks, key technical terms should be explained according to the complexity and risk level of financial products and services, and financial consumers should be confirmed to have received complete information in an appropriate way.

　　When explaining important contents and disclosing risks to financial consumers, financial institutions shall keep relevant materials in accordance with laws, regulations and regulatory provisions, and the retention time shall not be less than three years from the date of termination of business relations. Where laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, such provisions shall prevail. The retained materials include but are not limited to: product or service agreement confirmed by financial consumers, and risk warning letter confirmed by financial consumers; Record audio and video recordings or system logs and other related data messages that explain important contents to financial consumers.

　　What can’t financial institutions do?

　　Shall not handle business on behalf of financial consumers without authorization.

　　The Implementation Measures require that financial institutions should assess the suitability of financial products and services to financial consumers according to their characteristics, reasonably classify the risk levels of financial products and services and the risk tolerance levels of financial consumers, and provide appropriate financial products and services to appropriate financial consumers.

　　Financial institutions shall ensure the property safety of financial consumers when purchasing and using financial products and services according to law, and shall not illegally misappropriate or occupy financial consumers’ funds and other financial assets.

　　At the same time, we should respect the real wishes of financial consumers to buy financial products or services, and we should not arbitrarily act as agents for financial consumers to handle business, modify financial consumers’ business instructions, or force tying other products or services.

　　There must be no format clause.

　　Unfair and unreasonable regulations for consumers

　　Many consumers usually sign the format clauses of financial institutions without reading them clearly. In order to prevent the infringement of consumers’ legitimate rights and interests, the Implementation Measures require that when financial institutions provide financial products or services to financial consumers, they should draw financial consumers’ attention to the contents of financial products or services that are of great interest to financial consumers, such as the quantity, interest rate, expenses, time limit and method of performance, precautions and risk warning, and explain them according to the requirements of financial consumers. If the standard terms are in electronic form, they should be identifiable and easy to obtain.

　　At the same time, financial institutions shall not make provisions with the following five contents in the form of standard clauses, notices, statements, notices, etc.: (1) Reducing or exempting financial institutions from the liability for compensation for financial consumers’ property losses; (2) stipulating that financial consumers shall bear liquidated damages or damages exceeding the statutory limit; (3) Exclude or restrict the right of financial consumers to inquire, delete or modify their financial information according to law; (4) excluding or restricting the right of financial consumers to choose financial products or services provided by other financial institutions; (5) Other unfair and unreasonable provisions for financial consumers.

　　The "Implementation Measures" require that financial institutions should promptly revise or clean up the format clauses and service agreement texts that infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of financial consumers.

　　Promoting non-guaranteed products should not mislead people into believing that profits are guaranteed.

　　The "Implementation Measures" require that financial institutions should be responsible for the authenticity of marketing propaganda content. The actual obligations of financial institutions shall not be lower than the standards promised to financial consumers in the form of advertisements, materials or explanations in marketing and publicity activities.

　　Financial institutions shall not engage in the following five acts when conducting marketing and publicity activities: (1) false, fraudulent, concealed or misleading propaganda; (2) Exaggerated propaganda on performance or product income; (3) misleading financial consumers into thinking that the financial management department has provided a guarantee for the financial product or service by using the procedures of auditing or filing the financial product or service by the financial management department; (4) The marketing propaganda contents of non-guaranteed investment financial products mislead financial consumers into believing that the principal can be guaranteed to be safe or profitable; (five) other acts in violation of laws, regulations and regulatory provisions related to the protection of the rights and interests of financial consumers.

　　Shall not be forced to collect consumer financial information in disguise.

　　The Implementation Measures has a special chapter to regulate the protection of consumers’ financial information, including consumers’ personal identity information, property information, account information, credit information, financial transaction information and other information related to the purchase and use of financial products or services by specific consumers.

　　According to the "Implementation Measures", financial institutions should follow the principles of legality, legitimacy and necessity in collecting and using consumer financial information, with the express consent of financial consumers. Financial institutions shall not collect consumer financial information unrelated to their business, nor shall they collect information in an improper way, nor shall they collect consumer financial information in a disguised form.

　　Financial institutions shall not take the consent of financial consumers to the use of financial information for external provision as a prerequisite for establishing business relations with financial consumers, unless the nature of the business relationship requires prior consent.

　　Where a financial institution obtains the consent of consumers for the collection and use of financial information through standard clauses, it shall specify the purpose, method, content and scope of use of the collection in the clauses, and remind financial consumers of the possible consequences of the consent in a conspicuous way as easily as possible.

　　At the same time, financial institutions shall use consumer financial information in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations and the purposes agreed by both parties, and shall not use it beyond the scope.

　　Can’t "throw the pot" to the outsourcing service provider

　　The "Implementation Measures" stipulate that the obligation of financial institutions to protect consumers’ financial information security will not be transferred or reduced because of their cooperation with outsourcing service providers.

　　Financial institutions shall fully review and evaluate the ability of outsourcing service providers to protect consumers’ financial information, clarify the responsibilities and confidentiality obligations of outsourcing service providers to protect consumers’ financial information in relevant agreements, and take necessary measures to supervise outsourcing service providers to perform the above responsibilities and obligations. After the termination of the cooperative relationship, the financial institution shall supervise the outsourcing service provider to destroy the consumer financial information obtained from the financial institution in time.

　　Encourage financial institutions to transfer their financial information to other financial institutions designated by financial consumers on the premise of technical feasibility.

　　What if something goes wrong?

　　The "Implementation Measures" clarify that if there is a financial consumption dispute between financial consumers and financial institutions, they should first complain to the financial institutions. If a financial consumer does not accept the handling of complaints made by a financial institution, he may make a complaint through the branch of the People’s Bank of China where the financial institution has its domicile or where the business behavior takes place.

　　After receiving complaints from financial consumers, the branches of the People’s Bank of China can answer whether to accept them on the spot, and should answer them on the spot; If you can’t answer on the spot, you should make a decision on whether to accept it within 7 working days from the date of receiving the complaint; If the complainant needs to make corrections to the complaint application, he shall make a decision on whether to accept it within 7 working days from the date of completion of the correction. For complaints that are not accepted, the complainant shall be informed of the reasons for not accepting them. For the complaints received, the complaint shall be transferred to the complained financial institution for handling or to the financial consumer dispute mediation organization to provide mediation services within 5 working days from the date of receiving the decision.

　　The financial institution shall reply to the complainant within 15 working days from the date of receiving the complaint forwarded by the branch of the People’s Bank of China. If the situation is complicated, the handling period may be extended, and the complainant shall be informed of the reasons for the extension, but the longest handling period shall not exceed two months. (Reporter Cheng Wei)

Botou, Hebei Province： A comprehensive elimination of online shopping products of companies with a cluster epidemic in Jinzhou

　　According to the "Botou CDC" news, recently, a cluster epidemic occurred in Haohui Trading Co., Ltd., Xiaoqiao Town, Jinzhou City. In order to effectively control and reduce the spread risk of COVID-19 epidemic and effectively protect people’s health and life safety, relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　1. The residents who have purchased related products online from Jinzhou Haohui Trading Co., Ltd. since October 18th are requested to fully disinfect and sterilize the received packages, and seal the packages. Those who come into contact with the packages should take the initiative to report to their towns (streets, development zones) and work units, and cooperate with the screening, testing, control and other work. Anyone who fails to report truthfully, causing the spread risk of COVID-19 epidemic or other serious consequences, will be investigated for responsibility according to law.

　　Two, the city residents don’t have to leave the local, try to reduce the flow of people.

3. If you find that there are people around you who have not taken the initiative to report, please actively call the epidemic prevention and control office to report.

Barrier-free environment construction： Let more people live with love.

　　Recently, popular movies such as "Catch the Doll" and "Under the Alien" have been released. In addition to the version for the general audience, barrier-free versions have also been released. People with visual impairment can also go to the cinema to watch movies synchronously and enjoy the story by listening to special commentary tracks.

　　On July 30th, Zhao Guang, deputy director of the Social Law Office of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Law Commission, was pleased that more and more people participated in the barrier-free environment construction at the media training seminar on "Integration into the Future" organized by China Women’s Newspaper (Network Information Communication Center of All-China Women’s Federation) and UNICEF China Office in Nanning, Guangxi. He said that since the implementation of the Law on the Construction of Barrier-free Environment in People’s Republic of China (PRC) in September 2023, people have paid more and more attention to the construction of barrier-free environment. The appearance of a large number of barrier-free films has enabled visually impaired people to enjoy the fun of watching movies equally, and many scenic spots have also opened barrier-free travel routes to facilitate the disabled and all those in need.

　　People with disabilities are not the only ones who need barrier-free environment.

　　Li Shirui, an official of the Children’s Protection Program of UNICEF China Office, introduced "accessibility" at the meeting: "Simply put, it is to eliminate obstacles that affect people’s equal and full participation in social life, such as adding subtitles to film and television works, graphic recognition function in mobile phones, vibration reminder function in silent mode, setting up barrier-free toilets, barrier-free parking spaces, etc."

　　According to the data of China Disabled Persons’ Federation, there are more than 85 million disabled people in China. Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that there are more than 290 million elderly people aged 60 and over in China, accounting for 21.1% of the total population. "Many people’s disabilities are formed after old age. With the aging of the population, the demand for barrier-free environment construction for the disabled and the elderly in China is increasing." Li Yurui said.

　　Li Shirui added that not only people with disabilities need barrier-free environment, but everyone will be the demander and beneficiary of barrier-free environment. When a person travels with a heavy suitcase, barrier-free ramps and elevators will bring convenience to him; when you receive an important voice message in a scene where it is not convenient to listen to voice, the voice-to-text function can provide barrier-free support.

　　"In fact, everyone will have a disability experience in his life. Studies have shown that in countries with an average life expectancy of more than 70 years, everyone lives in a disabled state for an average of about 8 years or 11.5% of his life. " Li Shirui said, "Each of us is the beneficiary of barrier-free environment construction."

　　It’s not just blind roads and barrier-free toilets.

　　From "disability" to "disability" and then to "disability", this is a change in the appellation of disabled people in society, which embodies people’s concept innovation and social civilization progress. At the same time, the society’s understanding of "accessibility" is gradually deepening.

　　Sun Jiling, an associate professor at Nanjing Teachers College of Special Education, introduced that the concept of accessibility in China has undergone four significant changes: the design concept has shifted from barrier-free design focusing on the needs of the disabled to universal design for the largest number; the beneficiary group has expanded from the disabled to all members of society; the goal orientation has shifted from eliminating environmental obstacles to improving people’s functions and abilities and ensuring equal rights and legitimate rights and interests; and the construction scope has expanded from the physical environment to a comprehensive environment, including information, products and services.

　　Li Shirui shared a workshop on climate change held by UNICEF in Ningxia earlier. In order to facilitate visually impaired children to understand the concept that global climate change leads to iceberg melting and sea level rising, the staff put the building blocks representing land and the ice cubes representing glaciers into the pool. As the ice melts and the water level in the pool rises, visually impaired children feel the changes by touching and measuring with their hands, and feel the altitude difference of different places by touching the convex 3D map, so as to better understand the concepts related to climate change.

　　"It is not just how many kilometers of blind roads are built and how many barrier-free toilets are set up. The construction of barrier-free environment should adhere to the system concept and comprehensively optimize the environment such as architecture, transportation, information exchange and services." Sun Jiling said that information channels such as government affairs, banks, study exams, mobile phones, and the Internet need to be barrier-free, as do cultural fields such as education, books, movies, TV dramas, and tourism, so that all members of society can share a better life equally.

　　In Sun Jiling’s view, barrier-free environment construction is not a burden and cost, but an investment, which can promote economic growth, social integration and people’s all-round development. "Since everyone needs a barrier-free environment, building according to the standard as soon as possible will avoid unnecessary costs of subsequent renovation. In addition, a barrier-free environment will also increase the labor participation rate and social participation of people with disabilities and drive the development of related industries. " Sun Jiling said.

　　Integration, not isolation

　　"I found a bug hiding on a leaf. A small leaf can block the scorching sun for beetles. What can I do for others?" A 13-year-old disabled child took a photo of a bug enjoying the cool under a leaf in the photo exhibition of children and adolescents with the theme of "integration of the disabled" co-sponsored by China Association for the Promotion of the Press for the Disabled, UNICEF and China Association of Volunteers for the Disabled. In the accompanying article, the child wrote this passage.

　　"Disabled people have the same love for life and the need to realize their own values and social values as non-disabled people. We should not treat people with disabilities with prejudice, and each of us is an equal member of society. " Li Shirui said that in an equal, integrated and shared social environment, everyone can participate in social life equally and fully and realize their potential.

　　From fear, exclusion and even discrimination to acceptance, understanding and integration, society is making continuous progress. In recent years, China has actively legislated, implemented various policies, participated in international cooperation, promoted integrated education, and provided a barrier-free learning environment for disabled children; Marrakesh Treaty came into force for China, making it easier for people with visual impairment and other print reading disabilities to read published works …

　　In 2022, the Law on Barrier-free Environment Construction in People’s Republic of China (PRC) was included in the legislative plan that year, drafted that year, and submitted for deliberation that year. In June 2023, the law was finally passed by a high vote after three trials and voting.

　　Zhao Guang said: "Such a fast speed is rare, which fully shows that the state and society attach great importance to and support the construction of barrier-free environment."

　　"Barrier-free environment construction is closely related to each of us. Formulating the law on the construction of barrier-free environment and strengthening the construction of barrier-free environment are not only conducive to better ensuring the equal and full participation of the disabled and the elderly in social production and life, safeguarding their personal dignity and improving their quality of life, but also conducive to promoting all members of society to share the fruits of economic and social development. This is an inevitable requirement for practicing the people-centered development thinking, which fully demonstrates the responsibility of the state and the warmth of society. " Zhao Guang said. (Reporter Xie Yang Intern Jiang Chang)