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Qin Ping： Take the ＂Only Way＂ and Promote Reform and Opening-up

　　This year marks the 45th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up. The torrent of reform is surging forward, and the achievements of the reform will shine through the ages. Beginning on December 16th, the three-episode political film "Great Reform" was broadcast. On September 2, 2023, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader pointed out in a video speech delivered at the 2023 China International Fair for Trade in Services Global Service Trade Summit that this year marks the 45th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up. China will persist in promoting high-level opening up, comprehensively promote Chinese-style modernization with high-quality development, and provide new opportunities for countries to open up and cooperate.

　　Draw a picture of history and write a hymn of struggle. This year is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, and it is also the 45th anniversary of reform and opening up and the 10th anniversary of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is epoch-making, opening a new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee is also epoch-making, realizing the transformation from partial exploration and breaking through the ice to system integration and comprehensive deepening, and creating a new situation of China’s reform and opening up. Over the past 45 years, from the beginning of the new era to the beginning of the new century, from a new starting point to the beginning of the new era, our party has led the people to paint a magnificent and magnificent historical picture and write a song of praise for the struggle that is earth-shaking and magnificent.

　　Play passionate music to show firm determination. By the end of 2020, a total of 2,485 reform programs have been launched in all aspects, and the reform objectives and tasks proposed by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee have been completed on schedule. Since 2017, it has maintained its position as the largest country in goods trade for six consecutive years. In 2022, the international market share of exports has further increased to 14.7%, ranking first in the world for 14 consecutive years; The "Belt and Road" cooperation extends from the Eurasian continent to Africa and Latin America, and more than 150 countries and more than 30 international organizations have signed the "Belt and Road" cooperation document; In the past 10 years, the proportion of China’s total economic output in the world economy has increased from 12.3% to over 18%, and its annual average contribution rate to world economic growth has exceeded 30%… … Unprecedented reform measures and hard-won opening achievements show the bright future of Chinese modernization.

　　Profound history shows that it is a guide to scientific action. Practice has fully proved that reform and opening up is an important magic weapon for China to catch up with the times in great strides and a key measure to determine the fate of contemporary China. Reform and opening up is the most distinctive feature of contemporary China and the most distinctive banner of our Party in the new historical period. Reform and opening up is the only way to uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with great political courage and strong responsibility, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has comprehensively deepened reform, opened wider to the outside world, and promoted historic achievements and changes in the cause of the party and the country. The whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in China are working hard and bravely, striving to take the "only way" of reform and opening up and constantly writing a new historical chapter in reform and opening up.

　　Promote common development and enhance human well-being. Over the past 45 years, continuous opening-up has not only developed itself, but also continuously injected momentum into global economic development. China’s economy has strong resilience, sufficient potential and wide room for manoeuvre. The fundamentals of long-term improvement have not changed and will not change. China will still provide strong kinetic energy for the world economy and provide broader market opportunities for all countries. At present, the world is at a critical stage of implementing the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, but the recovery of the world economy is weak, economic globalization is facing a countercurrent, and people’s expectations for development are even more ardent. As the world’s second largest economy, the second largest consumer market and the largest commodity trading country, China’s high-quality development cannot be separated from high-level opening-up, and China’s continuous expansion and opening-up will surely bring more development opportunities for itself and the world.

Popularize the national common language with high quality.

　　Can you understand my "language"? Photo courtesy of vision china

　　In-depth study and implementation of the spirit monograph and education article of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth CPC Central Committee

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Hundred Years’ Struggle adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Resolution) summarizes the great achievements made by the Party and the state in the new era from 13 aspects, and points out in the part of "social construction" that "the education and teaching of the national common language and characters should be fully implemented". The important conclusion of the Resolution fully shows that the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core attaches great importance to language and writing education. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has made many important instructions on strengthening the national common language, which has pointed out the direction and provided fundamental follow-up for the high-quality popularization of the national common language in the new era.

　　Why popularize the national common language with high quality?

　　It is of great historical, practical and strategic significance to popularize the national common language with high quality.

　　It is of historical significance to popularize the national common language with high quality. In 2021, it is the intersection of two hundred-year goals. In the first century, the Communist Party of China (CPC), as an advocate, promoter, leader and practitioner of the development of language and writing, promoted profound changes in China’s language and writing life and led the great changes in China’s language and writing in the past century. During the period of new-democratic revolution, our party actively launched education and literacy campaigns in revolutionary base areas and liberated areas, and at the same time proposed to learn languages from the people. These efforts ended the history of the separation of spoken and written languages in China for more than 2,000 years, broke down the class barriers of spoken and written languages, played a great role in publicizing and educating the masses and uniting the masses, and made extensive and in-depth exploration and accumulation for the policies and practices of spoken and written languages of the Party after the founding of New China. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, the CPC Central Committee grasped China’s basic national conditions, language situation and the needs of economic and social development, and deployed and promoted three major tasks: simplifying Chinese characters, popularizing Putonghua, and formulating and implementing the Chinese Pinyin scheme, which improved the scientific and cultural quality of hundreds of millions of people and eliminated language communication obstacles, laying a solid foundation for promoting economic and social development. In the new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, our party has promoted the development of language and writing with the times, pioneering and innovating around the goal of promoting the standardization, informationization and legalization of language and writing. The state promotes the inclusion of Putonghua, which is commonly used in the whole country, in the Constitution, the promulgation and implementation of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Language and Characters, and vigorously promotes the information construction of language and characters, etc.It has played a role in boosting and safeguarding the reform, opening up and socialist modernization. During this period, the work of popularizing the national common language was mainly based on quantity, and it was also a process of gradually improving quality. Since Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has attached great importance to the work of language and writing, unswervingly popularized the national common language and writing, and achieved the historic goal of basically popularizing the national common language and writing throughout the country. During this period, the focus of popularizing the national common language changed from quantity to both quantity and quality. In the second century, in order to achieve the grand goal of building a socialist modern power in an all-round way, we must take high-quality popularization as the primary and core task at present on the basis of consolidating the number of popularization.

　　It is of practical significance to popularize the national common language with high quality. At present, we are faced with "two spaces", namely, real space and virtual space composed of information technologies such as network, artificial intelligence and network digitalization. In the real world, the basic popularization of the national common language has been realized in the first hundred years. However, in the virtual (network) space, the popularization of national common language is still unbalanced and insufficient, especially the innovation of language information technology can not fully meet the needs of information development, which directly affects the efficiency and effect of human-computer interaction. Therefore, only by popularizing the national common language with high quality can we adapt to the arrival of the intelligent age, the needs and development of the intelligent society.

　　It is of strategic significance to popularize the national common language with high quality. Language and writing work should serve both domestic and international situations. Only by popularizing the national common language and writing with high quality can we better build the consciousness of the Chinese nation community; Popularizing Putonghua with high quality and standardizing Chinese characters can lay a solid foundation for teenagers to grow into talents and button their first buttons in life. At the same time, to build a community of human destiny, we need to deepen cultural exchanges and cooperation with other countries and have a high level of national common language and writing.

　　How to do a good job in popularizing the national common language with high quality

　　To do a good job in popularizing the national common language and writing with high quality, we must adhere to the guidance of the supreme leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, take the new development concept as the guide, and always run through the theme of high-quality development to create a new pattern of popularizing the national common language and writing with high quality.

　　Carry out the concept of innovation and development. Innovation is the inexhaustible motive force and source of high-quality development, and the national common language and writing work also needs continuous innovation to achieve high-quality development. Many innovations can be seen in the Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Language and Writing Work in the New Era (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions) issued by the General Office of the State Council. For example, the Opinions firmly established the dominant position of the national common language and provided policy support for the popularization of the national common language in ethnic areas; Innovation puts forward the policy of popularizing in the new era, "focusing on key points, popularizing in an all-round way, consolidating and improving"; Put forward to study and formulate the national language development plan, and make unified planning and deployment of the national common language and writing work; Clearly put forward to promote the innovation and development of language information technology, and broaden the field for high-quality popularization of national common language.

　　In addition, innovation and development have also opened up a new situation in the work of national common language and writing. For example, by popularizing Putonghua and standardizing Chinese characters with high quality, the level and quality of language services for rural revitalization strategy, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, free trade pilot zone and "One Belt, One Road" initiative will be improved.

　　Carry out the concept of coordinated development. High-quality development itself is the result of coordinated development. At present, the popularization of the national common language is still unbalanced and insufficient, and it is urgent to coordinate the development of all ethnic groups, regions, fields and industries and popularize the national common language with high quality. To coordinate the development of all ethnic groups and regions, it is necessary to increase the promotion of the national common language and characters in ethnic areas and comprehensively strengthen the education and teaching of the national common language and characters in schools at all levels and in ethnic areas. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the popularization level of the national common language in rural areas, consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, and implement the plan of popularizing and helping rural revitalization. It is also necessary to strengthen assistance and support to areas with low Putonghua popularization rate and weak popularization foundation.

　　The coordinated development of the national common language is also a manifestation of high-quality development. In the process of coordination, all parties will learn from each other’s nutrition, so as to promote the popularization and development of Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters with vitality and vitality, and promote the continuous and high-quality development of the national common language and writing cause.

　　Implement the concept of green development. The civilization and health of language ecology is the pursuit of high-quality development. To popularize the national common language with high quality, it is necessary to create a good language ecological environment and make it develop in a harmonious, civilized, safe and healthy way. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and interpretation of the legal system and norms of the national common language and writing, strengthen the supervision and management of the use of language and writing, and resolutely curb the vulgar and violent spread of online language to create a clear cyberspace.

　　At the same time, green development should consolidate the rule of law foundation of language and writing work. It is necessary to guide local governments to improve relevant local laws and regulations according to the provisions of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Language and Characters, and incorporate the standardization requirements of language and characters into relevant industry regulations, rules and standards.

　　Carry out the concept of open development. Serving the national strategy and persisting in open development put forward high-quality requirements for the popularization of the national common language. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that language is the best key to understanding a country. We should open up to history, actively promote the inheritance and development of Chinese excellent language and culture, and inherit and carry forward Chinese excellent traditional culture with language as the carrier. Open to different regions and deepen language and cultural exchanges and cooperation with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Open to the international community, strengthen exchanges and cooperation with language and writing institutions of relevant countries and international organizations, strengthen international Chinese education, and strengthen brand building such as international Chinese proficiency test, international Chinese teacher scholarship, Chinese Bridge and new Sinology.

　　Implement the concept of shared development. Let the people share the fruits of development is the purpose of high-quality development. The national common language is the basis and condition for the broad masses of people to share information and the achievements of national reform and development. To popularize the national common language with high quality, we must implement and embody the people-centered development thought and meet the diverse language needs of the people.

　　Shared development requires us to speed up the standardization and informatization construction of sign language and Braille, so that people with disabilities can share the fruits of high-quality development of the national common language. Shared development requires us to inherit and carry forward the excellent Chinese culture with the language as the carrier, and provide high-quality national common language works of art for the people. In addition, shared development also requires us to provide better language services for international friends coming to China.

　　How to ensure high quality and popularize the national common language and characters?

　　To popularize the national common language with high quality, we must uphold the leadership of the Party, the supremacy of the people, strengthen the construction of the rule of law, take schools as the basic position of education, and persist in consolidating, improving and developing in an all-round way.

　　We must uphold the leadership of the party. By improving the management system of "Party Committee leadership, government leading, Language Committee overall planning, departmental support and social participation", we will compact the main responsibilities of governments at all levels, strengthen the overall management responsibilities of language and writing departments at all levels, give play to the responsibilities of language Committee members in this field, and innovate the participation mechanism of social forces. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of the language and writing work team.

　　We must uphold the people first. Adhering to the people-centered principle and making the achievements of popularization benefit the people is the fundamental purpose of popularizing the national common language with high quality. When implementing the new development concept, we should fully consider the actual needs of the people. It is necessary to focus on ethnic areas and rural areas, popularize the national common language with high quality, and meet the language and cultural needs of the people.

　　It is necessary to strengthen the rule of law. The purpose of the construction of the rule of law is to make the national language work have laws to follow, to protect citizens’ right to learn and use the national common language, to promote the standardization, standardization and healthy development of the national common language, and to ensure the main position of the national common language. The construction of the rule of law also includes the construction of the system and mechanism of the national common language and writing work, and the modernization of the language and writing work governance system and governance capacity. To lay a solid foundation for the rule of law in language and writing work, it is necessary to implement the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Language and Writing. Promote the improvement of the legal system of language and writing, formulate relevant supporting regulations, and strengthen management according to law.

　　We should persist in taking the school as the basic position of education. It is necessary to strengthen the work of language and writing in schools, and regard the full implementation of the national common language and writing as the legal requirement for the use of words as the basic language of education and teaching. It is necessary to comprehensively strengthen the education and teaching of the national common language in schools of all levels and types in ethnic minority areas, strengthen the training of the national common language for rural primary and secondary school teachers and migrant workers, and strengthen the international Chinese education and teaching.

　　We must persist in consolidating, improving and developing in an all-round way. Based on China’s basic national conditions, language situation and the new development stage of language and writing, we should not only grasp the main industries, but also grasp the weak links; We should not only ensure quantity, but also pay attention to quality; It is necessary to highlight the key points and fill in the shortcomings. We must persist in striving for progress in stability, improving quality and increasing efficiency, and ensure high-quality popularization of the national common language.

　　Entering the new journey of the second century of struggle, the development of national language and writing work has entered a new stage. We must adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, unswervingly implement the new development concept, take the promotion of the high-quality development of the national common language as the theme, and take the high-quality popularization of the national common language as the core task, so as to comprehensively improve the popularization level and quality of the national common language and provide strong support for building a socialist modern power in an all-round way.

　　(The author is an advisory member of the State Language Committee)

Our heirloom spirit of earthquake relief

　　In the early morning of July 28, 1976, a strong earthquake of magnitude 7.8 occurred in Tangshan, Hebei Province, and a century-old industrial city was instantly razed to the ground.

　　On July 28th, 2016, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Tangshan, he emphasized that although the earthquake 40 years ago destroyed a city, it did not destroy the strong will of Tangshan people and the national army and civilians.

　　With the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the support and help of the broad masses of soldiers and civilians throughout the country, the people of Tangshan devoted themselves to earthquake relief and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction with tenacious fighting spirit, and wrote an epic poem in the history of Chinese national struggle, which cast an earthquake-resistant spirit of forgetting public interests, sharing weal and woe, perseverance and courage.

　　Green hills, the Minjiang River Pentium. In the southwest corner of Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan, Sichuan, the earthquake site of Xuankou Middle School is quiet and solemn. The hour hand and minute hand on the commemorative dial are always fixed at 14: 28 on May 12, 2008.

　　The Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province is an extremely tragic earthquake disaster in the earthquake history of China and even the world, which has caused great losses to people’s lives and property. The earthquake shifted mountains and rivers, but failed to shake the spiritual coordinates of the Chinese nation.

　　△ On May 15th, 2008, rescuers rescued the trapped people in Wenchuan County.

　　At the moment of life and death, teachers protect students with flesh and blood; The aftershock struck again, and the fire fighters who were forced to evacuate knelt down and cried, "Please let me save another one" … … In the face of sudden disasters, countless PLA soldiers, firefighters, medical personnel and volunteers from all over the country went to the disaster area not far from Wan Li, and some even gave their precious lives. In the face of disaster, the unyielding people broke out the cry of "Come on Wenchuan, Come on China" … …

　　"I believe that there is no hurdle that cannot be crossed!" After the earthquake, Yang Yungang and his wife run a "Bo ‘ai" restaurant, and when there are many tourists, they "earn more than 20,000 yuan every day".

　　Before the Spring Festival in 2018, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Wenchuan County to visit and express condolences to the local people. In front of Yang Yungang’s restaurant, the supreme leader fried crispy meat and ground tofu pudding with everyone, and said with a smile, "It’s very hard to practice your arm strength. It’s really more and more exciting."

　　Inspired and inspired by the spirit of earthquake relief, the people of Wenchuan are indomitable and brave, and everyone’s life is like this mill bean flower. The more energetic it is, the happier it will be.

　　△ In Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, villager Yang Yungang works in his own restaurant.

　　"Fighting against natural disasters is an eternal topic for human survival and development." The supreme leader pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to the principle of "prevention first, combining prevention with rescue", establish and improve various prevention and control management systems, and comprehensively enhance comprehensive disaster prevention capabilities.

　　In April 2018, the Emergency Management Department was established, and by 2019, an emergency management organization system with China characteristics in the new era has been initially formed.

　　By May 2020, the meteorological forecast and early warning of geological disasters in China has covered 30 provinces and 1660 counties, and gradually formed a distinctive system model of geological disaster prevention and mitigation.

　　The people of China, who have come from the disaster, are more aware of self-improvement, mutual help and respect for nature and science.

　　How difficult it is to prosper the country and make it strong. Looking back, we experienced many natural disasters, but the people of China never flinched. As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized: "The Chinese nation has experienced many hardships in history, but it has never been crushed. Instead, it has become more and more frustrated, constantly growing in hardships and rising from hardships."

　　Vigorously carry forward the spirit of earthquake relief and overcome the difficulties and obstacles on the road ahead, we will certainly be able to create a Chinese dream worthy of the times, history and people’s achievements and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Producer: Wang Shanshan Ou Zhang

　　Producer Xing Xing Lai Wu Xuan

　　Editor-in-Chief Ning Lili

　　Editor Liu Xinyan

　　Visual sense Jiang yuhang

　　Proofread Zhang Yanan.

Nuclear Watch ｜ The United States proposes to freeze its nuclear arsenal. Is there any hope for the renewal of the US-Russia strategic arms control treaty？

Recently, some media reported that the United States and Russia reached an agreement in principle to freeze their respective nuclear warhead inventories, and the United States also hopes to set an upper limit on the number of nuclear warheads. However, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Ryabkov responded on 14th that Russia could not accept the US position on freezing nuclear arsenals. What is the purpose of the United States to set a ceiling on the number of nuclear warheads? What impact will this move have on the future fate of the new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty?

American intercontinental missiles are equipped with nuclear warheads.

During the Cold War, there was a nuclear arms control with a ceiling.

It is no stranger to voluntarily freeze the size of nuclear arsenals and set a ceiling. This kind of move occurred during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. The first stage of negotiations on the limitation of offensive strategic weapons (SALT-I) between the United States and the Soviet Union contained the content of limiting the upper limit of their respective strategic weapons. For example, the United States has 1,054 intercontinental ballistic missiles (when SALT-I negotiations were concluded), and the Soviet Union has 1,398 intercontinental ballistic missiles, which are limited to 1,618. There are 600 submarine-launched ballistic missiles in the United States, limited to the upper limit of 710, while the Soviet Union has 950, and the upper limit is 950. There are 37 strategic missile nuclear submarines in the United States, and the upper limit is limited to 44, while the Soviet Union has 63. Instead, it is necessary to cut one and limit it to 62. The United States and the Soviet Union did not impose restrictions on strategic bombers. At the same time, the negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union at this stage also restricted and restrained strategic defensive weapons, and the ABM Treaty signed during the SALT-I negotiations made some positive contributions to maintaining strategic stability between the United States and the Soviet Union.

However, SALT-I is not a disarmament agreement in a positive sense. The United States and the Soviet Union aim at limiting each other’s arms expansion, with emphasis on control and restriction. As far as the United States is concerned, the achievement of SALT-I provides space for the United States to spare time and energy to improve the quality level of strategic deterrence. For example, the existing Trident missile and B-1 bomber in the United States are all developed during the relaxation period after the conclusion of SALT-I by the United States and the Soviet Union. As far as the Soviet Union is concerned, the number of nuclear weapons in the Soviet Union in the late 1960s was basically equal to that in the United States, and the use of the salt-I relaxation period can also improve the quality of nuclear weapons for the Soviet Union and accumulate capital for future confrontation with the United States.

Russian "Jarls" road mobile intercontinental missile.

During the three years from 1977 to 1979, the United States and the Soviet Union continued to negotiate the second stage of strategic offensive arms limitation (SALT-II). The main purpose of SALT-II was to implement the temporary agreement and related temporary constraints reached in SALT-I negotiations before, and form a real strategic arms limitation treaty. The negotiation result was that the United States and the Soviet Union signed the Treaty on Strategic Offensive Arms Limitation. As can be seen from the name, the arms control agreement reached by the United States and the Soviet Union at this stage is still based on restrictions, rather than real disarmament and reduction.

For example, according to the content of the treaty, when the United States and the Soviet Union negotiated, the United States owned 2,142 strategic projection weapons, including land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles, sea-based submarine-launched ballistic missiles and strategic bombers, and the Soviet Union owned 2,318, and the United States and the Soviet Union were unified and limited to 2,250. The emergence of multi-warhead technology was the focus of technical attention between the United States and the Soviet Union in that period. The land-based multi-warhead missiles and sea-based multi-warhead missiles of the United States and the Soviet Union have also been restricted. At the time of negotiation, the United States had 1,046 land-based and sea-based submarine-launched missiles capable of carrying multiple warheads, and the Soviet Union had 588 land-based and sea-based submarine-launched missiles capable of carrying multiple warheads, which was limited to 1,200 according to the treaty. The technological capabilities of the United States and the Soviet Union, including the number of nuclear weapons, reached a peak in the Cold War before and during the SALT-II negotiations. The two countries were aware of the restrictions on strategic offensive weapons, but this restriction set an upper limit. Specifically, both SALT-I and SALT-II set an upper limit on the number of strategic offensive weapons of the other side, such as multi-warhead missiles. The upper limit set by SALT-II gave the Soviet Union room to continue to develop and increase multi-warhead missiles.

Russia has accelerated the modernization of nuclear weapons in recent years. The picture shows the newly developed "sarmat" liquid intercontinental missile.

What are the considerations for the United States to set a nuclear ceiling?

There are certain historical reasons for the SALT-I and SALT-II negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. For example, the United States was mired in the Vietnam War in the 1960s and 1970s, and its domestic economy was dragged down to some extent. In order to confront the United States in the Cold War, the Soviet Union neglected the livelihood economy, and the problems of the livelihood economy emerged in the early 1970s. In 1971, the ninth five-year plan for the Soviet economy formulated at the 24th Congress of the CPSU was not completed, and the production efficiency of consumer goods for the people’s livelihood was low. The domestic economic situation of the United States and the Soviet Union is not optimistic, and the two countries need to reduce the negative impact of the arms race on the economy. In addition, the technical level of strategic weapons of the two countries has been continuously broken, and both countries have strategic intentions to restrict the development of their opponents. However, the strength of the two countries is equal, and it is difficult to reach a mutually acceptable reduction agreement in a short time. Therefore, under the circumstances that it is difficult to achieve arms reduction in a short time and the prospect is uncertain, setting an upper limit and voluntarily freezing can not only achieve some restrictions on the other side, but also leave room for the development and operation of armaments. Restricting nuclear armaments has become the main manifestation of nuclear arms control behavior in the pre-cold war period between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Salt-I and Salt-II didn’t help to reduce armaments, but to a certain extent put a brake on the strategic arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. The confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union still drives them to expand their strategic arms capabilities. It was not until the middle and late 1980s that the nuclear arms control between the United States and the Soviet Union began to transform into real reduction.

Now the United States and Russia are discussing freezing the number of nuclear warheads, and the United States proposes to set the upper limit of nuclear warheads, which is actually similar to the consideration of the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. On the one hand, both the United States and Russia have increased their investment in the development of strategic weapons in recent years. A series of new types of strategic weapons have been put into use in Russia, and the United States is also upgrading the modernization level of its nuclear arsenal and implementing nuclear expansion. The continuous withdrawal and breach of the contract by the United States has also undermined the strategic stable relationship between the United States and Russia. The prospect of the new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty is worrying. Since it is difficult to reach an effective consensus on further reductions in the future, trying to freeze and set a ceiling is a move to build minimum mutual trust and ease the tension in strategic competition between the United States and Russia.

American B-61 nuclear bomb.

In addition, the US election is approaching. If the Trump administration throws out the idea of limiting and freezing the number of nuclear weapons at this time, it does not rule out that it is a consideration to alleviate its overly radical unilateralist security policy in the past four years and improve the image of Trump’s arms control saboteur. It is less than a month before the US election. If Trump wins the re-election, the upper limit of the number of nuclear weapons between the United States and Russia envisaged by the United States will actually provide flexible space for the United States to upgrade its nuclear arsenal and adjust the number of different nuclear weapons in the future. This is quite similar to the fact that although the United States and the Soviet Union conducted nuclear arms control in the middle period before the Cold War, the number of nuclear weapons became more and more controlled, and the nuclear weapons and equipment became more and more advanced. The United States intended to set a ceiling, which was tantamount to providing development space for the US nuclear arms expansion in disguise.

With the approach of the general election, the policy ideas of the two presidential candidates in the United States have gradually become clear, and Trump and Biden have different attitudes towards arms control. Trump, as always, emphasized "withdrawing from the treaty" for nuclear arms expansion, while Biden said that if elected, he would extend the new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, reconsider returning to the Iranian nuclear deal in full compliance, shrink the Trump administration’s nuclear arms expansion plans, such as developing new nuclear warheads and new nuclear vehicles, and carefully consider the role of nuclear weapons. No matter who dies in the final US election, whether Trump continues to spoil the game or Biden makes up for it, the negative impact of the Trump administration’s destruction of international social security and stable relations between major powers in the past four years will be difficult to eliminate in a short time.

(The author is a postdoctoral fellow at Tsinghua University Institute of Social Sciences, studying arms control and national security.)

Never retreat until the flood recedes! Veterans rushed to Jiangxi to fight floods.

CCTV News:There are two veterans in the flood fighting team in Furong Dun Town, pengze county City, Jiangxi Province. One is from Shenyang, Liaoning Province, and the other is from Zunyi, Guizhou Province. They had all retired from the army at home, but when they saw the news of the flood in Jiangxi, they came to Jiangxi for flood fighting.

Wang Xiyuan, 69, from Shenyang, Liaoning Province, has more than 20 years of military career. Wang Fei, 34, is also a retired soldier from Zunyi, Guizhou. After watching the news of floods in Jiangxi on TV, the two men made a decision — — Come to Jiangxi to support flood fighting.

Wang Xiyuan, a 69-year-old veteran with more than 20 years of military career.

Wang Fei, a 34-year-old retired soldier.

After they met in Hukou County, Jiangxi Province, they learned that the flood in Pengze was very serious, so they took a bus to Furong Dun Town in Pengze. The night they first arrived, they encountered a piping emergency.

Furong Dun Town is one of the worst-hit places in Pengze this time. They have been guarding the levee with local cadres and masses to participate in emergency rescue, plugging and strengthening the dam.

Now, although the local flood control situation has eased, they have not left. When the reporter asked about their next plan, they all said that the flood would not retreat and they would never retreat.

Movie Channel May 4th Film List ｜ Play the Song of Youth and Contribute to Youth.

Special feature of 1905 film network "China youth are young people with lofty ideals and ambitions! China youth are young people with deep feelings for home and country! China youth are young people with great creativity! Regardless of the past, present and future, China youth has always been the vanguard force to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation! "

Today is the 103rd May 4th Youth Day. This year, we also celebrate the centenary of the founding of the Communist Youth League of China.

On this special day, the film channel will broadcast four films filled with the youth of their parents.Let’s go back to that era and look for those inspiring shining footprints.

Song of youth

At 9: 40am on May 4th, the film channel broadcasted the dazzling revolutionary literary classic Song of Youth in China’s film history, revisiting the revolutionary wave that stirred up in the 1930s.

The color film Song of Youth, produced in 1959, is adapted from the novel of the same name by Yang Mo, a female writer who has been translated into more than 20 languages and has attracted much attention at home and abroad.

With the historical period from "September 18th" to "December 9th" as the background and the student movement as the main line, the film tells the story of young intellectuals in China, represented by young woman Lin Daojing, who made unremitting exploration, went through many twists and turns and finally embarked on the revolutionary road in order to resist Japanese imperialist aggression and save the motherland in distress.

This surging film of the times is not only touching in story, but also unique in filming.

In the use of lens language, Song of Youth, contrary to the habit of using relatively static screen lenses in the 1950s, boldly and appropriately used a lot of push-pull and zoom lenses to express the majestic momentum of the revolution more vividly.

At the same time, "Song of Youth" used a lot of revolutionary songs that were deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Popular songs such as "On the Songhua River", "Song of Saving the Nation" and "Flowers in May" pushed the mood of watching movies to one climax after another, and deeply sympathized with the feelings and revolutionary enthusiasm of Chinese sons and daughters.

They burned the mottled old shadows of youth for the revolutionary cause, and now they are vaguely moving.

Forever a teenager

　"Teenagers are not afraid of long years, and they are still teenagers after a hundred years of wind and rain." May 4th.At 15: 15, the movie "Forever Teenagers" is set in the Anti-Japanese War era in the 1920s, focusing on five ideal students, and tells the story of young college students with ideals struggling for their beliefs in the constant social changes in the early days of the founding of the Party in communist party.

In order to present a true sense of time and life, the creative team successively traveled to nine provinces and cities such as Jiangsu, Guangdong, Fujian, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Shandong, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, etc., and reproduced historical scenes such as the birth of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the workers’ movement in the early days of the founding of the Party, the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Northern Expedition, the failure of the Great Revolution, and the establishment of revolutionary armed forces of workers and peasants to the maximum extent.

The director said: "In the movie, a group of ordinary students chose the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the ideological trend and laid the foundation stone for the new China Building. I’ve been thinking about it and want to present such a story. I am going to digest a lot of historical materials, look for moving points in Qian Qian’s thousands of stories and historical events, and mix them with processing and creation. "

This group of college students is a group of people who dared to act in those days: Wen Ting is full of iron, Feng Jianxing is full of wisdom, the leopard is awkward, the old warrior is mature and calm, and the soybean milk is brave and fearless … …

Although they have different personalities, their fiery youth and burning passion are the same under the special historical background. No matter how tortuous the revolutionary road is, they still stick to their original intentions and embrace regretless youth.

The Sacrifice

The great spirit of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea forged in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea is precious spiritual wealth, which will inspire the people of China and the Chinese nation to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and all powerful enemies.

The Sacrifice, which was broadcast at 17: 30 on May 4th, focused on the engineering soldiers outside the frontal battlefield in jincheng battle in 1953, and tried to truly present that little-known history.

There are not many movies describing the theme of engineers. The Sacrifice looked back at the "pioneer of the army" behind the bridge of heroes, which could not be broken and bombed, in order to ensure logistics supply and transportation and defend the traffic fortress.

"We didn’t get bayonets in this battle, and we didn’t kill the enemy ourselves, but we know the meaning of our work: we ensured the victory of the battle." Zhang Zhenzhi, the "engineering hero", was the actual commander who repaired and protected the Yanli Bridge in Jingangchuan.

"Why is the battle flag picturesque, and the hero’s blood dyed it red? Why is the spring always there, and the hero’s life blooms?"

They launched a life-and-death relay for defending the country and defending the country, and used their lives to open up an "exploding steel transportation line", which provided a strong reliance for the frontal battlefield and exchanged peace and development for generations.

The Sacrifice has opened up a big picture from a small viewpoint, which shows us the brave and lovely young people in China outside the front line and their great spirit of "not afraid of sacrifice, defeating the strong with the weak".

The Pioneer

At 19: 50 on May 4th, The Pioneer walked into the life of Li Dazhao, a "great Marxist", which brought us back to the awakening era of being born to death.

The May 4th Movement in 1919, the Covenant of "South Chen Bei Lee" and the strike of Kailuan Minmetals Alliance … …

The film takes the 38 hours before Li Dazhao died heroically as the breakthrough point. In flashbacks, several important moments that Li Dazhao explored hard for the road of China are constantly flashed back, which uniquely weaves his life of leading a group of revolutionaries to actively run and fight for national salvation.

With a romantic lens, The Pioneer presented the audience with not only a magnificent history under a wide-angle lens, but also the mission and dream of the revolutionaries a hundred years ago.

"I wish my dear youth, born in youth and died in youth, born in youth and died in youth. Go ahead without considering the future, turn your back on darkness and turn to light, advance civilization for the world and create happiness for mankind. With my youth, I will create a family of youth, a country of youth, a nation of youth, a human being of youth, a planet of youth and a universe of youth, so that I can enjoy my endless life. "

Li Dazhao’s article "Youth" published in "New Youth" in 1916 was about the young people who fought for the revolution and himself.

It is their revolutionary pride that makes us believe that victory will surely come.

Looking back on the century-old history, countless young people have turned their flesh and blood into the cornerstone of progress, and struggled on the road of building a new China with firm faith and no regrets.

Nowadays, the young people of our new era are also inspired by their parents’ century-old struggle history, and write a beautiful chapter of the new era with the passion of youth.

On May 4th, the film channel will continuously broadcast the revolutionary historical film Song of Youth and Forever a Teenager, which shows the high-spirited youth of my father, The Pioneer, The Sacrifice.

Let’s go with our dreams in Do not forget your initiative mind!

Meet the Olympics! In addition to the competition, these foods must not be missed →

Taste Chinese and French food and enjoy the Olympic feast. As the Paris Olympic Games is in full swing, a taste bud feast across national boundaries and a "symphony chapter" integrating Chinese and Western cultures are playing enthusiastically. At 19:30 on August 3, 2024, a large-scale Sino-French food culture exchange program "Peak Food Carving — — The third issue of the Sino-French Chef King Competition, Hidden in Gankun, will be broadcast on CCTV-2, so stay tuned!

For Chinese,

Visceral cooking is undoubtedly the most important thing in food culture.

An important chapter with rich colors

In France, visceral dishes

Also occupies an important position.

Showing its unique diet art

for thousands of years

A delicacy elaborately prepared with internal organs as ingredients.

In the years of spice tumbling and fireworks transpiration

Release the unique flavor to the fullest.

Lively and fragrant on the plates of China and France

"The Peak Food Carving — — Sino-French chef competition "The third program is based on

"Hidden Gankun" as the theme

Invited four new chefs from China and France.

In "Classic Deduction" and "Fusion Challenge"

Give full play to each other’s strengths in the two links

Show exquisite techniques and outstanding creativity

Explore more possibilities of delicacies.

↓ ↓ ↓

This program has a strong lineup of American food experts.

French President’s "Personal Food Representative"

French food ambassador

Guillaume Gomez joined heavily

Zhou Xiaoyan, Vice President of China Cuisine Association.

French Michelin three-star chef Glenn Weil

Professor Li Bo of Nanjing Normal University

Bai Ying, the host of Central Radio and Television Station.

Gao Bo, host of Central Radio and Television Station.

Common composition

They will start from their respective fields of expertise.

Discussion on "Animal Viscera" between China and France

Cooking skills and the essence of food culture

Bring a show to the audience

Double feast of knowledge and taste

↓ ↓ ↓

"women don’t let men"

In this issue, the new kitchen king is on the competitive stage.

Two handsome figures are particularly dazzling.

One is from Shanghai local cuisine.

Qin Zhuonan, a non-legacy chef

With perfect skill, she

Committed to carrying forward the cultural tradition of local cuisine.

The other is Zhou Bingjie, a rookie of Sichuan cuisine after 1990.

She majored in French and was interested in culinary arts.

Have original opinions and rich imagination.

And, of course, from France

Kerry, the chef who has traveled to major international events many times.

And known as

Tao Furong, an "artistic player in French cuisine"

In this peak competition,

How will they perform their stunts?

Let the internal organs of animals glow with extraordinary brilliance?

Let’s wait together!

↓ ↓ ↓

[Classic Deduction]

(herring bald lung)

If you haven’t tasted this delicacy.

You may find it hard to imagine.

Fish has such a gorgeous way to eat!

The name of the dish "Bald Lung" has nothing to do with the lung.

But with"Pure fish liver"Delicious delicacies deduced.

Dishes are a great test of the chef’s skills.

The whole process runs through the word "fine"

Select 10 herring livers to make a plate.

From live fish to liver, to frying and thickening.

Keep improving every step of the way.

Just for the perfect presentation of the moment when the pot is out.

The spoon and soup are lightly lifted, and the fish liver is saturated with rich marinade.

Tender, smooth and refreshing, oily but not greasy, with a long aftertaste.

Today, this dish

Because of its complicated manufacturing process, it is almost lost.

But it carries a hundred years of ingenuity and traditional skills.

Forever spread in the world, shining.

▽

(Gan Gao Tang)

Can you imagine?

This exquisite little butterfly in front of me

It’s made of pig liver!

This dish is one of the famous clear soups in Sichuan cuisine.

It is also the famous "set table soup"

The production process is comparable to "porcelain live"!

It needs many processes such as beating, boiling soup and taking liver sauce.

Strive for a crystal clear effect of pig liver.

Then it is carefully made into a butterfly shape with a mold.

Color, fragrance, taste and shape are all beautiful!

Finally, pour a spoonful of pure clear soup.

A bowl of beautiful and refined liver cream soup made a stunning appearance ~

Have a taste.

The texture of pig liver is as delicate and smooth as Mu Si.

Take a sip and melt between your lips and teeth.

Like a butterfly dancing lightly on the tip of the tongue

Bring a touch of fresh breath like spring.

▽

(Fat liver pigeon roll)

Choose the top fat liver with rich fat.

Wrapped in a layer of tender pigeon meat rich in protein.

After frying and cooking

The skin is golden and crisp, and the inside is soft and delicate.

Open across the board, the mellow foie gras and pigeon meat.

Delicious moment intertwined, fragrance overflowing.

In the 1980s.

Shandong Linqu took the lead in introducing France’s Lande Goose.

Opened a new chapter in China foie gras cuisine.

Later, this improved variety was introduced to Huoqiu County, Anhui Province.

Vigorously develop foie gras industry

Make Lund goose in this land.

Take root and sprout, rejuvenate

Today, among the foie gras exported by China to the world,

About half of them are produced in Huoqiu County, Lu ‘an City, Anhui Province.

Exchanges between China and France in foie gras industry

It also made foie gras step by step.

Ordinary people’s dining table

▽

(Caen tripe)

A fusion of tripe, trotters and potatoes.

French cuisine with carrots

Its uniqueness lies in not adding a drop of water.

Stew only with stock and cider juice.

Together to achieve the extraordinary fragrance of tripe.

This dish originated in Caen, Normandy, France.

History can be traced back to the 11th century.

Used to be a delicacy on William Ⅰ the Conqueror’s desk.

In the 15th century, it was a symbol of peace.

Shine brilliantly at the banquet celebrating the end of the Hundred Years’ War.

Since then, it has become a food business card of Normandy.

2024 Paris Olympic Games

The China delegation is in Deauville, a coastal town in Normandy.

Carry out adaptive training

Caen tripe as a gourmet bridge connecting the friendship between the two countries.

Once again witness the glorious moment of peace and exchange.

↓ ↓ ↓

[Integration Challenge]

(Sino-French Integration Carnival)

When the traditional craft of pork sausage rolls braised pork

Encounter French-style black truffle potato balls

Chinese and French food cultures collide and merge here.

What kind of wonderful flavor is it?

Let the members of the tasting group call "delicious"!

(gorgeous fireworks)

Chinese hot kidney flower and French brandy juice are ingeniously blended.

Serve with fresh lobster meat and rare morels.

Cross-border collision of land and water ingredients

The skills are fully displayed in the fire.

Like gorgeous fireworks in the night sky.

Every bite is a taste and visual enjoyment.

……

From Classic Cuisine to Fusion Cuisine

Every dish carries a load.

The massiness of history and the blending of culture

As the Olympic spirit pursues Excellence and peace.

Sino-French food culture is also constant.

In the communication and collision, it blooms more brightly!

At 19:30 on August 3, let’s lock in the CCTV financial channel "Peak Food — — Chinese and French Chef King Competition, experience this delicious and cultural journey across national boundaries, feel the unique charm of Sino-French cultural blending, and let taste buds and hearts indulge in this peak feast together!

Liu Genshan, Chairman of Shanghai Maosheng Group, was investigated for alleged fraud of 4.3 billion yuan (Figure).

Topic: picture channel

Zhao Jing, a reporter from the headquarters of Maosheng International Group Co., Ltd., located at No.1051 Xinzha Road, Shanghai

Liu Genshan, Chairman of Maosheng International Group

　　Liu Genshan, the former "king of highways" in Shanghai and the 51-year-old chairman of Maosheng International Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Maosheng Group"), is suspected of defrauding huge sums of money and is being investigated by relevant state departments.

　　According to a person familiar with the Shanghai real estate industry, Liu Genshan was investigated at the beginning of this year for allegedly defrauding huge sums of money. It is said that the amount of fraud is as high as 4.3 billion yuan.

　　According to another person familiar with the matter, Liu Genshan was taken away by the relevant authorities about a week ago. According to relevant sources, Liu Genshan’s arrest is even more implicated in Zhejiang.

　　Liu Genshan, who was born in Shanghai, was familiar with Zhang Rongkun, president of Fuxi Group, and Zhang Rongkun was later called the "king of highways" in Shanghai. On the morning of June 22nd this year, the Higher People’s Court of Jilin Province made a final judgment and sentenced Zhang Rongkun to 19 years’ imprisonment.

　　Report letter leads to financial crisis.

　　2004 was the heyday of Liu Genshan, who ranked 36th in the Hurun China Rich List in 2004, with assets of 2.1 billion yuan. Liu Genshan, who is also the chairman of Shanghai Maosheng Group and the chairman of the board of directors of Hong Kong listed company Maosheng Holdings Limited, was once named as "the richest man in China".

　　It is worth noting that it was at the beginning of the following year that the contents of a tip-off letter sent to the Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption were made public, which made the fund problem of Liu Genshan’s company widely concerned by all parties.

　　According to the tip-off, Shanghai Maosheng transferred a large amount of loan funds of nearly RMB 3 billion to overseas countries through illegal means such as underground banks, and some of the funds acquired Asean Resources, a Hong Kong listed company that had been suspended, and renamed it Maosheng Holdings.

　　The tip-off letter said that Shanghai Maosheng’s practice of transferring project funds led to the suspension of its loan construction projects in the mainland, such as two expressway projects in Shanghai and Ningbo, due to lack of funds.

　　As evidence, Liu Genshan invested in three expressways in Zhejiang: Ningbo Ring Expressway, Beilun Port Expressway and Yongjin Expressway.

　　Among them, in the 2004 Zhejiang Expressway Maintenance Inspection Report, Beilun Port Expressway Maintenance became a negative model and was criticized by name. Ningbo Transportation Bureau confirmed in April 2005 that Maosheng withdrew its capital from Ningbo Ring Expressway project in the second half of 2004.

　　On the evening of September 10th, 2005, Liu Genshan said in an interview at Maosheng Business Center, Xinzha Road, Shanghai, "Chongqing’s family affairs have been settled, and nearly 1 billion assets have been returned to me. Maosheng Holdings will purchase domestic highway assets in a big way in the next step."

　　"Road to Life" operation mode

　　Since the end of 2005, Liu Genshan has suddenly faded out of the public eye. Up to now, through the Shanghai 114 telephone inquiry, we can’t find the public telephone number of Maosheng Group. On the evening of July 7th, a police car was parked in the courtyard of Maosheng Business Center Building, No.1051 Xinzha Road, Shanghai, the office of Maosheng Group.

　　Time goes back more than 20 years. Liu Genshan and its Maosheng Group have invested in many industries for more than 20 years, including infrastructure, real estate, trade, shipping, entertainment and finance. In 1999, Liu Genshan got the first expressway project-Jialiu Expressway, and embarked on the journey of making money as a "king of highways". In the following years, Maosheng invested in seven expressways in a row.

　　According to the public information in 2003, all the seven highways invested by Liu Genshan adopted the operation mode of "living by road". Shanghai Jialiu Project is a project company jointly established by Shanghai Maosheng Group and Shanghai Urban Construction. The registered capital of the company is only 100 million yuan, of which 51% is contributed by Shanghai Urban Construction (Group) Company and 49% by Shanghai Maosheng Enterprise Development (Group) Co., Ltd., with an investment of less than 50 million yuan. The total investment of the project is 450 million yuan.

　　The second Shanghai-Qingping Highway is composed of Shanghai Maosheng Group, Shanghai Urban Construction and Shanghai Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., with 67%, 25% and 8% respectively, with a total capital of 620 million yuan and a total investment of 3.5 billion yuan. Maosheng invested 420 million yuan.

　　The third road, Shanghai Tongsan Expressway, started almost at the same time as Shanghai Qingping Highway, and was also jointly established by Shanghai Construction Engineering (47.75%), Shanghai Urban Construction (26.25%) and Shanghai Maosheng Group (26%). The company’s capital is 960 million yuan, the total investment is 2.88 billion yuan, and Maosheng invested 250 million yuan.

　　Subsequently, the investment level of Shanghai Maosheng was enlarged. Article 4 Shanghai South Ring Expressway registered capital of 800 million yuan, which was wholly owned by Maosheng Group. The total investment is 3.618 billion yuan.

　　Article 5 Ningbo Ring Expressway Co., Ltd. was jointly established by Shanghai Maosheng and Ningbo Communications Investment and Development Company. The company invested 1.2 billion yuan in the first phase, with Shanghai Maosheng Group as the controlling shareholder and 80% of the company’s equity. The total investment of the project is 3.65 billion yuan, and the second phase of Ningbo Ring Road (Beilun to Camel section) needs to invest 5.1 billion yuan, totaling 8.75 billion yuan. Maosheng needs a total investment of 2.5 billion yuan.

　　Article 6 Yongjin Expressway is jointly funded by Shanghai Maosheng Group and Shaoxing Traffic Investment Co., Ltd.. The company’s capital is 840 million yuan, of which Maosheng, as the controlling shareholder, owns 70% of the company’s shares with a total investment of 2.8 billion yuan. Maosheng invested nearly 600 million yuan.

　　The seventh road, Ningbo Beilun Port, was acquired. It was revealed that the acquisition cost was nearly 2.5 billion yuan.

　　There are luxuriant executives who sum up the trilogy of Liu Genshan’s investment highway: the first step is to seek highway resources and make strategic planning; The second step is to make a decision immediately, win the road with real potential, and decide not to go through a complicated procedure of voting by shareholders of listed companies; The third step, after the highway is completed, according to the specific situation of the capital market, put it into the listed company.

Key words of the Third Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee

Manage the economic environment and rectify the economic order.

The Third Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee agreed with the Political Bureau of the Central Committee’s guiding principles, policies and measures for managing the economic environment, rectifying the economic order and comprehensively deepening the reform. The plenary session decided that under the premise of adhering to the general direction of reform and opening up, the focus of reform and construction in 1989 and 1990 should be put on managing the economic environment and rectifying the economic order. Governing the economic environment is mainly to reduce the total social demand and curb inflation. Rectifying the economic order is to rectify all kinds of chaotic phenomena in the current economic life, especially in the circulation field. The plenary session demanded that resolute and effective measures should be taken in these two aspects.

Clean up the "triangle debt"

"Triangle debt" generally refers to the phenomenon of serial arrears of payment between enterprises, which has appeared in the process of China’s economic reform and development. In the middle and late 1980s, when China’s economy was overheated, when the economic situation changed, due to the weak market, the backlog of finished products and the lack of liquidity in the production of enterprises, the phenomenon of mutual arrears of payment between enterprises was very serious, which affected the normal production of enterprises.

On August 31st, 1991, the State Council held a national working conference on cleaning up "triangular debts". The meeting pointed out that "triangular debt" has become a serious obstacle to the normal operation of the national economy, and it is imperative to fundamentally solve the problem of "triangular debt". The State Council decided to clean up the "triangle debt" as a breakthrough to enliven large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and manage the economic order.

Science and technology are the primary productive forces

"Science and technology are the primary productive forces" is an important assertion put forward by Deng Xiaoping. Deng Xiaoping has always attached importance to the role of science and technology in social and economic development. As early as September 26, 1975, when listening to the work report of China Academy of Sciences, in view of the actual situation at that time, he clearly pointed out: "Science and technology are called productive forces, and scientific and technological personnel are laborers!" At the opening ceremony of the National Science Conference held in March, 1978, Deng Xiaoping pointed out: Science and technology are productive forces, which has always been a Marxist view. With the development of modern science and technology, the relationship between science and production is getting closer and closer. As a productive force, science and technology are playing an increasingly important role.

On September 5, 1988, when Deng Xiaoping met with Czechoslovakia President Hu Sake, he put forward an important conclusion that "science and technology are the primary productive forces". On September 12 of the same year, when listening to the work report of relevant leading comrades of the Central Committee, he pointed out: attention should be paid to education and science and technology. We should fully understand the importance of science and technology. Science and technology are the primary productive forces, and intellectuals are part of the working class. At the beginning of 1992, during his visit to the South, Deng Xiaoping once again emphasized that science and technology are the primary productive forces. A breakthrough in the high-tech field has promoted the development of a number of industries.

Deng Xiaoping’s important thought that "science and technology are the primary productive forces" has played a very important role in promoting the scientific and cultural level of the whole nation and vigorously developing science and technology.

Deng Xiaoping’s speech on inspecting the south.

From January 18th to February 21st, 1992, Deng Xiaoping made a series of important speeches during his inspection in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shanghai, which people used to call "Southern Speech". Deng Xiaoping reiterated the necessity and importance of deepening reform and accelerating development in view of the major problems that troubled people’s thoughts at that time, and from the reality of China and the height of the times, he profoundly summarized the experience and lessons of reform and opening up for more than ten years. In his speech, Deng Xiaoping clearly put forward the standard of "three benefits", emphasizing that "planned economy does not mean socialism, and capitalism also has plans; The market economy is not equal to capitalism, and socialism also has a market. "

Deng Xiaoping’s "Southern Speech" greatly emancipated people’s minds, strengthened people’s socialist beliefs, and greatly promoted the process of China’s reform and opening up.

Is the era of DIY deadly weapons coming？ The US government allows the release of 3D printing gun drawings.

　　CCTV News:3D printing, this is already a familiar technology.

　　Whether it is building a house, making clothes, designing creative dishes, or applying in other fields, 3D printing products are gradually entering and changing our lives.

　　However, have you ever imagined printing guns in 3D?

　　In June this year, the US government unexpectedly decided to allow gun-holding organizations "distributed defense" to publish drawings of 3D printing guns online from August 1st.

　　This decision immediately caused great controversy, and people were asking, has the era of lethal weapon DIY arrived?

　　This is a 3D printing gun based on the AR-15 rifle.

　　This kind of gun has appeared in many shootings in the United States.

　　According to the latest decision of the U.S. government, from August 1 this year, everyone can download drawings from a website called "distributed defense" and print out such a gun.

　　Cody Wilson, the founder of the gun-holding organization "Distributed Defense", is also the initiator of the 3D printing gun. He claimed to be an anarchist and believed that everyone should have the right to get guns.

　　On December 14th, 2012, a shooting incident occurred at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Connecticut, USA, which killed 28 people, including gunmen, including 20 children. The case shocked the whole country.

　　After the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School, then President Obama promulgated 23 administrative measures to strengthen gun control, including strengthening background checks on gun buyers, prohibiting the sale of offensive guns and high-capacity magazines.

　　These measures were strongly resisted by the "gun-owning faction", who launched a series of demonstrations.

　　Cody Wilson also spoke out against Obama’s gun control measures, threatening to use 3D printing technology to end the dispute over gun control.

　　On May 5, 2013, Wilson showed the first pistol "Liberator" that he used a 3D printer to the outside world, and posted the drawings and documents of pistol production on the Internet.

　　The way to get the "liberator" is very simple. You don’t need background check, age certificate or gun license. You just need to download a computer-aided design drawing file of the pistol, a 3D printer and a thermoplastic ABS plastic used to make Lego bricks, and wait patiently for 12 hours or a day to make this pistol yourself.

　　Forbes magazine reported that after Wilson uploaded the drawings of the Liberator pistol, the number of downloads had exceeded 100,000 times in just two days, but most of the downloads were not from the United States, but from abroad.

　　The "liberator" made Wilson famous overnight and attracted a lot of media attention.

　　Two British "Daily Mail" reporters spent 1,700 pounds to buy a 3D printer and printed out 16 pistol parts. Because they used synthetic materials, the X-ray machine could not detect pistols. The reporters successfully passed the security check at London Railway Station and took these parts to the train.

　　After that, they assembled pistols in the bathroom of the carriage and took pictures with guns in the aisle of the carriage. During the whole process, no one came to stop them.

　　Several Australian policemen heard of Wilson’s invention and decided to try to make it themselves to see how powerful the 3D printed pistol was.

　　It took them only 27 hours to make all the parts of the pistol, and it took them 1 minute to assemble and start testing.

　　When the police pulled the traction rope tied to the trigger of the pistol, the disturbing result happened.

　　The bullet made a hole in this thick gelatin, but due to the huge recoil, the pistol split instantly while shooting.

　　The results of many tests show that owning such a 3D printed pistol is difficult to track, which may hurt others and threaten yourself.

　　To this end, some politicians and anti-gun groups in the United States have called for the adoption of new laws and regulations to make it a criminal offence to print guns and weapons privately. People are more worried that terrorists may use this technology to make weapons quietly.

　　On May 8, 2013, Wilson received a letter from the the State Council Defense Trade Control Bureau, accusing him of putting the printed drawings of guns on the website so that people outside the United States could download them, which violated the relevant laws and regulations on arms export in the Regulations on International Arms Trade and ordered him to immediately delete the gun-making drawings on the website.

　　Wilson obeyed and removed the drawings, but he claimed that he did not violate the law, because in the United States, it is legal for citizens to make their own guns for personal use.

　　Two years later, in 2015, the "decentralized defense" he founded filed a lawsuit against the US federal government.

　　After three years of judicial contest, the two sides reached a settlement in June this year.

　　The Trump administration allowed the organization to publish 3D printing gun drawings online from August 1st.

　　However, the organization put the drawing online on July 27th five days in advance, and within three days, more than 1,000 people downloaded it.

　　On July 30th, eight American states and Washington, D.C. collectively sued the federal government, demanding a nationwide temporary injunction to prevent 3D printing gun drawings from appearing on the Internet.

　　On July 31st, Robert Lasnik, a federal judge in Seattle, Washington, approved a motion, agreeing to issue a nationwide temporary injunction to stop the online sharing plan of 3D printed gun-making drawings, and announced that a hearing on the case would be held on August 10th.

　　On the same day, Trump also made an ambiguous statement on this matter: I am investigating the 3D plastic guns sold to the public. At present, I have talked about this matter with the National Rifle Association of the United States. It seems that it does not make much sense!

　　Due to historical reasons, Americans’ disputes about gun ownership often revolve around the issue of individual rights.

　　However, the emergence and legalization of 3D printing guns has brought about thinking even beyond the controversy about the legalization of guns.

　　Because the change of science and technology actually challenges the state’s control over weapons, this decentralized manufacturing and production may pose an unprecedented challenge to government authority and social order.