分类： bb

On September 27th, on the day of World River Day, the press conference of "Taking the Pulse of the Yangtze River" and "Yangtze River Vitality Report 2020" (hereinafter referred to as "Report") co-sponsored by WWF and The Paper was held in Shanghai.

In this activity, WWF, together with the Institute of Hydrobiology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Nanjing Institute of Geography and Lakes of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Yangtze River Academy of Water Conservancy Commission, the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Education Department of Tongji University, the School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower of Wuhan University, and the Suzhou Institute of Environmental Innovation of Tsinghua, jointly released the Yangtze River Vitality Report 2020.

It is understood that WWF and the above eight research institutes started the project in 2018. The purpose is to provide a systematic and objective report on the health diagnosis of the Yangtze River, provide policy advice for strengthening the ecological environment protection of the Yangtze River basin and implementing the green development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, provide policy suggestions for the protection and management of the Yangtze River ecosystem, and stimulate and promote different stakeholders to actively participate in the Yangtze River protection.

Kyle Rambotti, Global Director-General of WWF, said in the preface that as the first complete basin-level index in the world, the Yangtze River Vitality Index is also an innovation, and its concept connotation and evaluation method are expected to be further promoted worldwide. After all, for the major rivers in the world, we can’t reverse the trend of freshwater ecosystem loss and biodiversity decline until we better understand their vitality.

As the core of the report, Kyle Rambotti said that a complete basin-level index in the world is the Yangtze River vitality index, which sorts out many indicators and selects representative, indicative, concise, traceable and sustainable indicators to comprehensively reflect the health status of the Yangtze River freshwater ecosystem from three dimensions: hydrology, water environment and water ecology. The main conclusion of the index evaluation is that the overall health status of the Yangtze River is B-, and it shows regional differences with human activities.

The Paper, as the strategic cooperation media of the project, sent reporters to interview the relevant experts of the research group on the hydrology, water environment and water ecology of the Yangtze River before the report was released, so as to comprehensively interpret the report on the vitality of the Yangtze River.

Hydrological article

Hydrological index should be considered comprehensively.

The report points out that as an important characteristic of freshwater ecosystem, the change of hydrological situation determines the water quality, habitat and biological life history process of rivers. At the same time, the amount of river sediment transport and the change of sediment erosion and deposition significantly affect the biogeochemical cycle, water quality, river-lake relationship and the development of estuary delta, which is of great significance to the function of river ecosystem. The indexes for evaluating hydrological situation in the report mainly include hydrological process indicators and connectivity indicators.

Jin Chen, the leader of the research group of the report and a professor at the School of Water Resources and Hydropower of Wuhan University, told The Paper that the hydrological index is mainly aimed at natural rivers, that is, compared with the era without large reservoirs (before 1980), the higher the index, the closer it is to the natural hydrological process.

He said that at present, the main stream and tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (except Chishui River) are not pure natural rivers. Therefore, the hydrological index is not high, which is mainly aimed at natural ecosystems such as fish. For densely populated China, it is necessary to build a reservoir. It cannot be simply said that a high hydrological index is better, and a low hydrological index is not good. "Both human beings and nature need water resources. The high or low hydrological index reflects the difference between human beings and nature in water resources distribution. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the needs of human development and nature protection and make rational distribution and regulation."

Global warming and the development of urban agglomeration affect the hydrological situation.

Besides being influenced by the connectivity between reservoirs and rivers and lakes, climate change also shapes the hydrological situation of the Yangtze River, which is mainly reflected in precipitation and flood events. Li Xin, a member of the research group and a doctor from the National University of Singapore, told The Paper that the report analyzed the impacts of ENSO (El Nio-Southern Oscillation, El Ni? o/La Ni? a and Southern Oscillation) events and global warming on the extreme precipitation index and hydrological core index by correlation analysis.

The results show that ENSO events have a significant impact on the extreme precipitation indexes in the source, upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin. Specifically, La Nina events in ENSO events will generally increase the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation in the source, upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin, which may lead to an increase in flood risk in the Yangtze River basin. Global warming has a significant impact on the index of extreme precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin, which will generally increase the intensity and frequency of annual precipitation and extreme precipitation events in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and may also increase the flood risk in the Yangtze River basin.

Li Xin also stressed that the impacts of global warming and ENSO events on hydrological core indexes in different water resources areas show spatial differences, which indicates that hydrological processes have complex responses to global climate change. He believes that "this requires us to further strengthen the impact assessment of climate change on the regional hydrological cycle process, and constantly improve the ability of the Yangtze River basin to scientifically respond to climate change under the background of" Great Protection of the Yangtze River ".

According to the analysis of the report, the rapid development of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches may lead to frequent floods and an increase in the average flow during the flood season. In this regard, Li Xin explained that "the urbanization process has turned many permeable surfaces into impermeable surfaces, resulting in reduced infiltration, increased surface runoff components and increased peak urban flood discharge".

Nature-based solutions may ease the flood control situation in the Yangtze River.

According to the above analysis of the two experts, it can be seen that climate change, land use and other factors all affect the hydrological situation of the Yangtze River, making the flood control situation in the Yangtze River basin more complicated. This summer, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River once again experienced the test of a big flood. How to alleviate the complicated and severe situation, the report proposes that the solution based on nature should be one of the important means in the future when necessary engineering measures are adopted. Jiang Luguang, one of the technical leaders of the research group and an associate researcher at the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, explained this scheme in detail.

The World Conservation Union (IUCN) defines "nature-based solution" (NBS) as "an action to efficiently and adaptively respond to social challenges and bring benefits to human welfare and biodiversity through the protection, sustainable management and restoration of natural or artificial ecosystems". Jiang Luguang believes that this is completely consistent with China’s ecological civilization concept of respecting nature, adapting to nature and protecting nature. He told The Paper that there are many concrete manifestations of nature-based solutions, such as ecological restoration, adaptive strategies of ecosystems, and green infrastructure.

Taking the flood situation of Poyang Lake in flood season this year as an example, Jiang Luguang introduced the function of "returning farmland to lake" project to adapt to the natural rhythm of the Yangtze River and promote the harmony between people and water. In the flood season of 2020, some hydrological stations in Poyang Lake experienced the highest flood level in history, and the project of returning farmland to Poyang Lake fully played the role of flood storage and detention for the first time. Returning farmland to lake dikes can store about 2 billion cubic meters of flood water, reducing the water level of the lake by 25-30 cm in flood season, and greatly alleviating the flood control pressure of key dikes (protecting towns or tens of thousands of acres of fertile land).

In addition, the ongoing sponge city construction is also a good "nature-based solution". Sponge city advocates giving priority to the use of natural drainage system and low-impact development facilities in urban development and construction to realize natural accumulation, natural infiltration, natural purification and sustainable water circulation of rainwater, which can not only make full use of the natural restoration ability of water ecosystem, but also be an important means to solve the problem of urban waterlogging. For the Yangtze River basin, sponge city can reduce the adverse effects of drastic changes in the underlying surface of the basin on the runoff and runoff.

Water environment chapter

The water environment index in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is low.

Freshwater ecosystem is the main receiving place of nutrients and organic matter exported by terrestrial ecosystem. The quality of water environment determines whether freshwater ecosystem can provide clean water resources, and nutritional status plays an important role in shaping biological composition and community structure in freshwater ecosystem. The water environment index of the Yangtze River vitality index is mainly aimed at evaluating the main pollutant indexes.

The report pointed out that the main pollutants affecting the water environment index include industrial wastewater, domestic sewage and agricultural cultivation. When calculating the water environment index, the main basis is the water quality index.

Xu Yanxue of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment explained this. "We selected the water quality monitoring sections of major rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River Basin, and calculated three indicators representing water nutrition and organic pollutants, namely ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and permanganate index, and obtained the water environment index of each region (main river reach, main tributaries, four lakes, etc.) and evaluated it. The higher the water environment index, the lighter the water pollution and the better the water quality; The lower the water environment index, the higher the water pollution and the worse the water quality.

Xu Yanxue told The Paper that, after calculation, the overall water environment quality of the Yangtze River basin is at the national middle-upper level. However, from the main stream of the Yangtze River, the water environment index in the middle and lower reaches is relatively low, which is B-.

"The social and economic development in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is rapid, with concentrated industrial enterprises and active production activities. The typical pollutants discharged into the environment by these enterprises are total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and organic matter. The permanganate index reflects the concentration of organic matter in water. Although each enterprise has relevant emission standards to limit the amount of pollutants entering the environment, the total amount of emissions will be relatively high. At the same time, the amount of pollutants produced by agriculture and life and the amount of pollutants brought in by the upper reaches of the Yangtze River will be superimposed, resulting in total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and permanganate in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

At present, the regulatory system can not accurately locate pollution sources.

According to the analysis of the report, the high concentration of pollutants will lead to the decrease of dissolved oxygen in the water body and affect the growth of aquatic organisms. At the same time, the high concentration of total phosphorus will affect the concentration of total phosphorus in the downstream lake water body, leading to the eutrophication of the lake. The Paper noted that the report made a separate analysis of the vitality indices of the four major lakes in the Yangtze River Basin, namely Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake, among which the water environment of the four lakes was the key point.

Taking Taihu Lake as an example, the report explains the water environment crisis faced by the lake and its solutions. Since the cyanobacteria crisis in Taihu Lake in 2007, the state and local governments have done a lot of work on pollutant emission reduction and lake pollution control, and achieved remarkable results, but they still failed to return to the concentration level of nutrient elements in the 1970s and 1980s. Under unfavorable meteorological conditions such as high fever and southeast wind, cyanobacteria still broke out in Taihu Lake in recent years, which still failed to change the nature of algal lakes.

The Paper interviewed Yang Hongwei, deputy chief engineer of Suzhou Institute of Environmental Innovation in Tsinghua, about why Taihu Lake has not achieved remarkable results so far. He first affirmed the governance direction of eutrophic lakes. He believes that from the international experience of lake eutrophication control, the management of eutrophic lakes is a long-term project, and the time scale of 10 years is not enough to fundamentally change the essence of lake eutrophication. Judging from the current measures and effects of water pollution control in Taihu Lake, we have achieved remarkable results, especially the concentration of total phosphorus and total nitrogen has decreased significantly, and the frequency and severity of cyanobacteria outbreaks have also decreased significantly, so there is no deviation in our control direction.

However, he also admitted that although there is no deviation in the direction of governance, the regulatory system still needs to develop towards precision. "The current monitoring system can’t meet the requirements of smaller-scale grid supervision, can’t accurately locate pollution sources, and it is difficult to achieve accurate pollution control. This is also a new requirement for the regulatory system in the next step of precise lake governance."

We should continue to pay attention to the types and toxicity of emerging pollutants in water.

The Paper noted that the report specifically mentioned the emerging pollutants in the Yangtze River. Yang Hongwei told The Paper that emerging pollutants generally refer to substances that have not been related to environmental management policies, regulations or emission control standards, but may be included in the control object according to the assessment of their detection frequency and potential health risks. These substances are not necessarily new chemicals, but usually pollutants that have been in the environment for a long time, but have been discovered in the near future because of their low concentration, their existence and potential harm and the development of detection technology.

At present, emerging pollutants detected in the water environment mainly include endocrine disruptors, drugs, personal care products and other trace organic pollutants. Usually, the detection concentration in the water environment is at the level of ng/L. At this concentration level, it generally does not have acute toxicity, and it mainly produces chronic toxicity to organisms in the Yangtze River and further to human body, which is not enough to achieve long-term toxic concentration. However, it has potential endocrine disrupting properties, teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, mutation and resistance gene changes and other chronic toxicity, so we should continue to pay attention to the types, concentrations, sources, migration and transformation, toxicity of emerging pollutants in water, so as to grasp the hazards of emerging pollutants in water in time and provide reference for the formulation of corresponding environmental management policies and regulations.

Water ecology article

The middle reaches of the Yangtze River are frequently disturbed by various human activities, and the water ecology is the worst.

The water ecological index mainly evaluates the richness, diversity, community structure and habitat of aquatic organisms in the main stream of the Yangtze River and four lakes (Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake). Water ecology is a "living" part of vitality, and its index directly reflects whether the Yangtze River still has vitality and how much vitality it has.

Chen Yushun, the technical director of the evaluation of the water ecological status of the main stream of the Yangtze River, a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the water ecology of the main stream of the Yangtze River is generally at the B- level. That is to say, on the whole, the water ecology of the Yangtze River has been at an unhealthy level, which shows that the Yangtze River is really ill. Among them, the water ecological index in the middle reaches is the worst.

It is embodied in the decrease of fish species, natural fishery catch and early fish resources. Chen Yushun said, "The number of fish species in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has decreased by 36 from 97 in the past, the number of endemic fish species has decreased by 16 from 38 in the past, the number of threatened fish species has decreased by 11 from 16, the number of finless porpoises has decreased from 902 in the past to 193 now, the natural fishery catch has decreased from more than 400,000 tons in the past to 80,000 tons now, and the early fish resources have decreased from 6.7 billion in the past to 9 now.

Chen Yushun further explained this. "Due to the hydropower development in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and its tributaries, and the interference of human activities such as fishing, shipping, sand mining and industrial and agricultural development in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the middle reaches are greatly affected by the superposition. Such as the change of hydrological situation, the decrease of sediment, the utilization of beaches, the reproduction of aquatic organisms such as fish, the degradation and loss of key habitats for growth, and the serious lack of bait resources. Coupled with the direct and indirect effects of overfishing, the above indicators in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are very low, which in turn affects the comprehensive index of water ecology in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

In order to ensure the effect of fishing ban, ecological monitoring should be strengthened

According to Chen Yushun’s description, the biological resources of the Yangtze River are declining and the biodiversity is declining, so it is urgent to "ban fishing in the Yangtze River for ten years". In order to effectively alleviate this crisis, the state has issued a series of relevant documents and notices to make arrangements for a total ban on fishing.

On July 15, 2020, Yu Kangzhen, Vice Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, said at the policy briefing held by the State Council Office that on January 1 this year, 332 aquatic life reserves in the Yangtze River Basin had been completely banned on schedule, and the fishing ban in key waters in the Yangtze River Basin would be implemented for 10 years from January 1, 2021.

For the 10-year cycle, Chen Yushun explained to The Paper that 10 years is a relative value, and fish can complete a certain breeding cycle, which should also be a tentative period. During this period, most aquatic organisms can have a relatively long period of proliferation and population recovery. However, in these 10 years, it is also necessary to adjust other stress factors, carry out habitat restoration and restore biological resources at the same time.

In order to effectively monitor the effect of the ban on fishing, Chen Yushun suggested that the relevant departments should open up a green channel for scientific investigation when carrying out a comprehensive ban on fishing, so as to ensure the availability of scientific research vessels and the simplicity of handling fish fishing licenses. In this way, scientists and fishery resource managers can really work in the same direction to jointly promote the ecological protection of the Yangtze River.

The ecology of the four lakes in the Yangtze River is not optimistic as a whole.

According to the report, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake are the four largest freshwater lakes in the Yangtze River Basin, among which Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake directly connect with the Yangtze River. These four shallow-water and fresh-water lakes play a huge ecosystem service function in terms of water regulation, material supply, providing biological habitat, maintaining biodiversity and keeping clean water sources, and play an extremely important role in protecting the water ecological health of the Yangtze River basin and maintaining the vitality of the Yangtze River.

Junfeng Gao, the technical director of the ecological assessment of Sihu Lake, a researcher and doctoral supervisor of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, told The Paper that according to the assessment results, the current water ecological indexes of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake are B-, Taihu Lake is C- and Chaohu Lake is D. That is, the water ecological health of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake is in an upper-middle state, Taihu Lake is in an upper-middle state, and Chaohu Lake is in a lower-middle state. On the whole, the water ecological state of the four lakes is not optimistic, and the problems in Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake are particularly serious.

Poyang Lake should be put in the first place in the differential treatment of the four lakes

As for how to harness the ecology of the Four Lakes, Junfeng Gao thinks that the protection and harness countermeasures are different because of the great differences in the natural geographical conditions, the influence degree of human activities and the water ecological problems faced by the Four Lakes.

He pointed out that the Dongting Lake basin should maintain the river-lake connectivity and the original hydrological rhythm of Tongjiang Lake, control the amount of pollutants entering the lake in the basin, strengthen the collection and treatment of urban domestic sewage, and control the agricultural non-point source pollution discharge. Poyang Lake basin should pay attention to the protection of biological species population and diversity, strengthen the protection of its habitat, and strictly supervise and manage nature reserves.

For Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake, where the problem is particularly serious, it is also necessary to treat them differently. Junfeng Gao said that the Taihu Lake Basin should strengthen pollutant discharge control, control the total phosphorus flux into the lake, and strengthen the prevention and control of cyanobacteria bloom in the lake water. Chaohu Lake Basin should control the pollution of Nanfeihe River, Shiwuli River and Paihe River, strengthen the construction of urban environmental infrastructure in Hefei, improve the sewage collection rate and strengthen the level of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Strengthen the prevention and control of cyanobacteria bloom in the lake area and establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for cyanobacteria bloom in Chaohu Lake.

Among the four lakes, Junfeng Gao particularly emphasized the management of Poyang Lake. He said that Poyang Lake is the largest of the four lakes and is closely related to the main stream of the Yangtze River. Poyang Lake has rich ecosystem types, huge ecosystem service capacity, rich habitat types and biodiversity, and unique hydrological rhythm, which provides rich food and good food availability for various migratory birds. Its water ecological health quality has the most obvious effect on enhancing the vitality of the Yangtze River, so it is also the most important lake among the four lakes. The protection and restoration of Poyang Lake water ecology should be placed in the first place of the four lakes.　

　　Venture capital, seed funds actively lay out emerging industries and future industries, and "stock loan and debt guarantee" has strengthened the linkage to solve the financing bottleneck of technology enterprises … Nowadays, financial products continue to innovate, and fiscal and tax support continues to increase. In the past, start-up technology enterprises that faced financing problems because of small scale, light assets and difficult valuation have received more help. A few days ago, the reporter walked into a number of technology-based enterprises and felt the enthusiasm for innovation.

　　Help the early, the small and the excellent, and the fund will take good care of the project growth.

　　At the end of August, the "Quantum Vision" project in cooperation with Anhui Science and Technology Museum was successfully delivered. Hu Wei, executive director of Hefei Hanhai Quantum Technology Co., Ltd., breathed a sigh of relief: "Thanks to the help of the seed fund, we have the confidence to take this project."

　　Two years ago, Hu Weicheng, a researcher at China University of Science and Technology, established Hanhai Quantum according to the policy that universities give scientific researchers the ownership of scientific and technological achievements. In the early days of the establishment of this technology-based enterprise, the dilemma of lack of funds, equipment and space once left the founding team at a loss.

　　In May last year, in the roadshow of the achievement project of Hefei Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Special Class, Hu Wei showed the company’s technology, which successfully attracted the attention of Dean Wong, the leader of the second group of Hefei Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Special Class. As the deputy general manager of Hefei Kechuang Group, the operation manager of Hefei seed fund, Dean Wong made a preliminary agreement with the scientific research team of Hanhai Quantum Company to invest 2 million yuan in seed fund after confirming the innovation and practicability of the project.

　　The blessing of seed fund not only helped Hu Wei enterprises tide over the difficulties, but also incited other capitals to join. "The enterprise has just been established with no profit and financing difficulties. After getting the seed fund, it not only solves the current financial problem, but also makes our follow-up financing much easier. " Hu Wei told reporters that they are currently negotiating with Hefei Industrial Investment Promotion High-tech Venture Capital Fund Partnership, and will soon get another investment of 3 million yuan.

　　In 2022, Hefei set up a seed fund with a total scale of 500 million yuan to provide financial support for "original innovation, source innovation and integrated innovation". "Different from other funds, seed fund investment projects are in an earlier stage, like’ sowing’." Dean Wong said that the operation process should be evaluated according to the whole life cycle of the fund, and the maximum loss of the fund should not exceed 50%. Up to now, Hefei Seed Fund has reviewed 108 projects, of which 97 projects have passed the establishment meeting, and the approved investment amount exceeds 160 million yuan.

　　Since the beginning of this year, aiming at strategic emerging industries such as high-end equipment manufacturing, integrated circuits, biomedicine and big health, Hefei Seed Fund has signed 29 loan projects, totaling 53.5 million yuan, achieving full coverage of key industries. Today, the city has built a "fund jungle" of "government-guided parent fund+seed/angel/science and technology innovation fund+market-oriented fund", which has injected impetus into the high-quality development of local industries.

　　"Science and technology enterprises in the seed stage and initial stage have great development potential, but they also have problems such as high commercial risks and low credit level, and it is often difficult to obtain funds from traditional financing channels. As a professional organization, angel investment, seed fund and other investments are of great significance to start-ups, which can provide necessary financial support for enterprises to carry out R&D and marketing activities, and also standardize corporate governance and improve project success rate through business guidance. " Tian Lihui, dean of the Institute of Financial Development of Nankai University, said.

　　In the 6th (2023) China Medical Device Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition, Qingdao Jianxin Medical Technology Co., Ltd. was awarded the special project of the National Key R&D Plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology, and was selected as the first batch of projects to be invested in the "Fruitful Gold" of Qingdao … After just one year of establishment, Qingdao Jianxin Medical Technology Co., Ltd. achieved rapid development.

　　In 2022, Feng Qingyu founded Jianxin Medical. With ideas and technology, he and his team came to Qingdao High-tech Zone Road Show in Shandong Province. "At first, we just wanted to have a platform to promote our products. I didn’t expect to be valued by the high-tech zone and get continuous financial support." Feng Qingyu said.

　　In recent years, Qingdao has devoted itself to building a global venture capital center, promulgated the Management Measures of Qingdao New and Old Kinetic Energy Conversion Guidance Fund and the policy of "Qingdao Venture Capital Ten Articles", optimized the government guidance fund policy system with the government guidance fund as a link, and activated the endogenous motivation of venture capital institutions to invest in Qingdao projects through a series of combination punches such as improving policy incentives and building a capital public platform.

　　"With the investment of government investment funds, the interest of various financial institutions in us has greatly increased, financing has been much smoother, and more scientific research results have been promoted." Feng Qingyu told reporters that they not only received 30 million yuan of government investment fund, but also 10 million yuan of credit support from Qingdao High-tech Sub-branch of Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, completed tens of millions of yuan of A round financing, and received 5 million yuan of investment from Qingdao "Fruit Gold".

　　"At present, local funds have developed rapidly, forming a professional and diversified development trend, actively promoting the development of strategic emerging industries and promoting R&D and innovation of high-quality enterprises." Tian Lihui said.

　　It is understood that the National Guiding Fund for the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements established by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Science and Technology has set up a total of 36 sub-funds, which has driven social capital investment to exceed 100 billion yuan at the project level, with an amplification ratio of 1: 18. Among the invested enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises account for more than 90%, and 36 enterprises have been listed in science and technology innovation board.

　　Tian Lihui believes that in order to better support the development of angel investment, seed funds and industrial funds, the government needs to continue to play a good guiding role and provide necessary support and encouragement policies. At the same time, by setting up guiding funds, providing tax incentives and relaxing investment restrictions, we will encourage and guide more social capital to enter related fields, strive to train professionals and establish cooperation mechanisms to jointly promote scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading.

　　"Don’t look at bricks to see patents", credit product innovation promotes the transformation of scientific and technological achievements

　　Not long ago, Shandong Huajian Testing Co., Ltd. received a national patent certificate, and its research and development of "Staphylococcus aureus detection equipment" was recognized. This is the fourth patent certificate received by Shandong Huajian within three months.

　　"The company has developed so well, thanks to the help of Linyi High-tech Zone." Wei Kepeng, deputy general manager of Shandong Huajian, said that at the end of last year, the company introduced a group of scientific research talents to focus on related technologies and needed to purchase equipment such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography.

　　"The purchase of equipment is nearly 4 million yuan, which is not a small expense for a start-up like us." Wei Kepeng said frankly, "Small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises have no heavy assets to mortgage, which does not meet the traditional loan conditions."

　　When the development of the enterprise is in a bottleneck, the staff of the Science and Technology Innovation Office of Linyi High-tech Zone made a door-to-door investigation, which brought good news.

　　According to the staff, Linyi High-tech Zone implemented the "Science and Technology Innovation Financial Environment" optimization and promotion action, introduced the enterprise innovation points system, scored according to the enterprise innovation development indicators, and took the enterprise innovation points as a reference, made accurate policies in different categories and at different levels, and carried out credit evaluation and credit enhancement for small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises. At present, it has established cooperation mechanisms with a number of financial institutions to accelerate the development of special technology and finance products for "innovative points loans". Linyi High-tech Zone has also established service mechanisms such as financing risk compensation, loan discount and guarantee subsidy for small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in the initial stage, and built a platform for cooperation between government, banks and enterprises.

　　After listening to the policy, Wei Kepeng repeatedly praised it. Finally, after evaluation, Shandong Huajian scored a high score in innovation points, and successfully won a loan of 5 million yuan from Linyi High-tech Sub-branch of China Construction Bank.

　　"In the past three years, Linyi High-tech Zone has comprehensively utilized various means such as scientific and technological equity investment, loans for transforming scientific and technological achievements, intellectual property pledge financing, and credit loans for small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, and has helped more than 20 small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in the region to obtain various financing loans of more than 300 million yuan." Hu Deli, director of the Science and Technology Innovation Office of Linyi High-tech Zone, introduced.

　　Up to now, more than 100 national high-tech zones and more than 30 provincial high-tech zones have comprehensively promoted the enterprise innovation points system, and more than 100,000 enterprises have been included in the points evaluation. In 2022, integral enterprises received nearly 120 billion yuan in credit.

　　"Looking at patents without looking at bricks", anchoring the scientific and technological characteristics of enterprises to carry out institutional innovation, has activated a pool of spring water in technology and finance.

　　In Hefei, Anhui Province, in order to alleviate the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises, the High-tech Zone, together with four pilot banks, such as Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and Huishang Bank, launched the "loan-investment batch linkage" business, and recommended the technology enterprises that the state-owned holding fund has invested and intends to invest in batches. Since the pilot, 456 enterprises have been recommended, with a total credit of 730 million yuan and a total loan of 573 million yuan. According to the relevant person in charge of the Finance Bureau of Hefei High-tech Zone, now, relying on the platform of "regional economic brain", the local government has developed a series of application tools such as co-creation vouchers, market exchange, financial supermarkets and policy links for enterprises to provide more convenience.

　　In Zhejiang, CITIC Bank launched the "Kechuang e-loan", a credit product of less than 10 million yuan, which was applied and approved online without mortgage; For enterprises with strong scientific and technological attributes, capital operation and listing expectations, credit loans of up to 30 million yuan will be given by adopting the credit card approval model; For the core talents in the management team of science and technology enterprises, a "talent loan" product with talents as the mainstay and supplemented by business and financial judgment will be launched, with a maximum amount of 30 million yuan.

　　In Shanghai, Industrial Bank improved its financial service system based on the industrial park, gave full play to the advantages of "firm+investment bank", and provided financial support for small science and technology enterprises in the supply chain and industrial chain. By the end of 2022, there were 26,906 customers in the Industrial Bank Shanghai Branch, an increase of 4,450, accounting for 61%.

　　Tian Lihui believes that supporting the innovation and development of start-ups requires continuous innovation of financial products and services. In the future, we should continue to improve technology and finance, supply chain finance, financing guarantee, loan insurance and other different types of products and services to meet the needs of different types of enterprises and provide more abundant financing channels for start-ups.

　　Fiscal and tax support and supporting services are in place to reduce the burden for innovation and entrepreneurship.

　　Simplify the registration procedures, provide preferential rent, extend the contract period, give entrepreneurship subsidies, technological innovation subsidies, talent introduction subsidies, and introduce a series of preferential tax policies … All measures are taken to reduce the burden on start-ups and support the development of innovation and entrepreneurship.

　　Support talent introduction and technical research, and all kinds of subsidies are multi-pronged.

　　According to Yong Zhi, general manager of Hefei Zhuohua Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., the rapid growth of the company is inseparable from financial support.

　　"In the early days of the company’s establishment, it was necessary to spend money everywhere to decorate factories, purchase equipment and attract talents. At that time, the pressure of purchasing raw materials was great, and the capital turnover was particularly difficult. Fortunately, as a national high-tech enterprise, it can enjoy financial subsidies. The city gave a subsidy of 130,000 yuan to the research and development expenses of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises, and a subsidy of 400,000 yuan to high-tech enterprises. These two funds helped us a lot. " Yong Zhi said.

　　The talent apartment provided in the area also solved the housing problem of Wei Ankun, the company’s R&D director. After graduation, he stayed in Hefei and moved into a talent apartment. The monthly rent was only in 500 yuan.

　　In order to effectively meet the development needs of start-ups, Hefei High-tech Zone has specially issued "Several Policies and Measures for Building a World-leading Science and Technology Park to Further Support Scientific and Technological Innovation", and issued 16 specific support policies in supporting the construction of high-level innovation platforms, supporting the introduction of high-level talent teams, and promoting the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

　　Tax incentives to encourage the development of entrepreneurial platforms and venture capital enterprises.

　　"Our company mainly provides incubation services for technology enterprises. As of August this year, we enjoyed tax concessions including value-added tax, property tax and land use tax of more than 750,000 yuan." The Science and Technology Park built and operated by Yinxing Investment Group Co., Ltd. has a national-level technology business incubator, a municipal-level creative space and a district-level technology business accelerator. Jiang Yuyan, the company’s financial director, said, "The operation and maintenance costs of the incubator are high, and the preferential tax and fee policies have been implemented in time to reduce the operating pressure of enterprises and support us to better serve innovative enterprises. At present, the company has invested in more than 10 start-ups and 85 small and medium-sized enterprises. "

　　Recently, the finance and taxation department issued an announcement to continue to implement the tax policies related to science and technology business incubators, university science parks and Zhongchuang Space. Property tax and urban land use tax shall be exempted for national and provincial science and technology business incubators, university science parks and national record creation spaces, as well as for real estate and land provided to incubatees for free or through leasing; The income from providing incubation services to incubating objects shall be exempted from VAT.

　　"Actively establishing incubators and accelerator platforms can provide office space, financial support, legal advice, talent introduction and other services for start-ups, and form a professional environment to help start-ups develop and grow better." Tian Lihui believes that the financial system that supports the innovation and development of start-ups should be diversified and multi-level. It is necessary to develop various investment institutions such as angel investment, venture capital and private equity. At the same time, it is necessary for the government, financial institutions and other parties to deepen cooperation and provide start-ups with all-round services and assistance.

　　Reporter Wang Guan You Yi Wang Pei

The second phase of the 121st Canton Fair opened in Guangzhou yesterday. Unlike in previous years, when exhibitors competed for foreign orders in the exhibition hall, a team holding the banner of "Before relying on foreigners, now relying on Netease YEATION-10 billion procurement funds waiting for you" was particularly eye-catching yesterday.

"I have generally only seen exhibitors advertise to grab orders, but buyers have never seen anything that attracts exhibitors’ attention." A domestic buyer who has participated in the Canton Fair for five consecutive years said so.

At present, China’s foreign trade shows obvious signs of stabilization, but many foreign trade enterprises are still struggling to cope with uncertainties such as rising cost factors. As a representative of domestic ODM e-commerce, Netease YEATION made a high-profile "anti-grab" China manufacturers at the Canton Fair. On the one hand, Netease YEATION, which focuses on quality products, explored its own needs for high-quality supplier resources; On the other hand, with the obvious trend of domestic consumption upgrading, foreign trade enterprises that had advantages in production quality have a better market opportunity to explore the domestic market.

Foreign trade is picking upBut enterprisesStill havenip/chill in the air

According to the data released by the General Administration of Customs on April 13th, in the first quarter of 2017, China’s import and export of goods reached 6.2 trillion yuan, up 21.8% year-on-year. This is the year-on-year growth of China’s total import and export value for three consecutive quarters since the second half of last year.

However, Lu Wenbo, general manager of Guangzhou Puxin International Trade Co., Ltd., an exhibitor of Canton Fair, is still unhappy. Lu Wenbo’s company is mainly engaged in exporting refrigerators and air-conditioning compressors. Last year, with the depreciation of RMB and the recovery of emerging market countries in the United States and Southeast Asia, the company’s turnover increased to a certain extent, but its profits were compressed. "But because the price of steel doubled last year, and packaging materials such as plastics also rose sharply, the production cost rose, and we had to give up some profit margins to maintain our competitiveness."

Xu Bing, spokesman of Canton Fair and deputy director of China Foreign Trade Center, also reminded that since the beginning of this year, China’s foreign trade has continued the good momentum of stabilization and improvement since last year, and new development momentum is accumulating. However, the current world economic recovery is weak, the market demand has not been fundamentally improved, and "anti-globalization" has obviously risen. China’s domestic comprehensive factor costs are rising, and the traditional advantages of foreign trade are weakening. The foreign trade situation is still complicated and grim, and it still needs hard work to consolidate the stable and good momentum of foreign trade.

According to the report "Trade Statistics and Outlook" released by the World Trade Organization (WTO), the growth rate of global trade is expected to expand to 2.4% this year, and the uncertainty of major economies’ policies will curb trade activities. Higher inflation rate will lead to higher interest rates, and tighter fiscal policies and trade barriers will slow down trade growth in the next two years.

Exit turnOpportunities for domestic sales opportunities

When the reporter visited the museum, he learned that in order to share the potential risks brought by foreign trade uncertainties, some foreign trade enterprises not only choose emerging markets, but also actively promote the domestic market with great potential.

In fact, it is nothing new to talk about "exporting to domestic sales" at the Canton Fair. As early as 2009, when experiencing the global economic crisis, opening up the domestic market was an important topic for foreign trade enterprises. In that year, the Canton Fair even set up a domestic procurement center for the first time to invite domestic buyers to help foreign trade enterprises "save the market".

Exhibitor Yang Chongyi’s company is mainly engaged in the production of thermos cups for export. In addition to OEM for overseas brands, the company has launched its own brand since 2003, and the sales channels are very mature. Except for the layout of physical supermarkets, Tmall and JD.COM have opened flagship stores, but what makes Yang Chongyi a little helpless is that products with almost the same materials and quality can hardly sell at a good price as long as they are China brands and China designs.

Some exhibitors believe that with the general trend of domestic consumption upgrading, the ranks of the middle class are getting bigger. This group demands itself with high standards, and consumption preferences are beginning to be related to quality of life, emotional factors, personalization and sense of design. It is more appropriate to talk about "export to domestic sales" now.

"It can be said that the manufacturers at the Canton Fair have been doing OEM work for foreign countries, so their production capacity is very strong. Many of them have their own R&D centers and are very familiar with the needs of consumers in China. The Canton Fair has gathered the top domestic manufacturers. " Some domestic buyers said that although the foreign trade situation has stabilized, after this wave of economic crisis, many foreign trade factories have realized that they can’t rely solely on foreign markets. In addition, after the domestic consumption upgrade, Chinese people are more willing to pay for the quality of goods, and the "export goods" with high quality and price can also have a market in China.

Yang Feng Jianmin, an exhibitor, is the deputy general manager of a scissors manufacturing enterprise in Yangjiang. In the past, this enterprise was 100% an export order and contracted for a German brand. Two years ago, Feng Jianmin and his company participated in the Canton Fair, with the intention of expanding more overseas business. Surprisingly, it opened up domestic sales channels by mistake.

"At the Spring Fair last year, the head of Netease YEATION visited the Canton Fair to find high-quality domestic suppliers, and just came to our booth. After learning that we were OEM scissors for a famous German brand, we hit it off and started cooperation. Before that, we never took orders for domestic sales."

At present, the company has launched two scissors products in Netease YEATION, with the price ranging from 10 yuan to 20 yuan. With the same technology and materials, the price of scissors products manufactured by the company for German brands has reached more than RMB in 200 yuan. With high cost performance, the sales of two scissors products are very hot, and the current sales volume has reached more than 30,000.

Netease YEATION Supply Chain Strategyleave first

However, the reporter also learned at the Canton Fair that although the prospect of "domestic consumption upgrading" is bright, some foreign trade-oriented enterprises with relatively weak capital can only try hard to meet the domestic market because of the different transaction methods, trading rules and settlement methods between domestic trade and foreign trade.

According to industry insiders who have been engaged in foreign trade for many years, the transaction process of foreign trade-oriented enterprises in the past was very simple. After receiving the order-proofing and confirming to the customer-auxiliary materials for production-production of bulk goods-inspection and shipment-payment was received. However, in the domestic market, when the brand cooperates with the supplier, it adopts the "361" payment method, that is, it is paid in stages according to 30% advance payment, 60% withdrawal payment and 10% quality guarantee. When the brand pays the remaining 10% of the mortgage, it will not only pay interest, but also often deduct the factory money, which will make the enterprises interested in domestic sales bear huge financial pressure risks.

In this regard, the relevant person in charge of Netease YEATION introduced that Netease YEATION has a special fund to pay the interest on withholding money to all cooperative suppliers, thus forming a benign cooperative relationship with suppliers and changing their long-term passive position. According to the industry practice, 10% of the payment will be paid as the quality guarantee, and Netease YEATION will pay the interest of this deposit to the supplier according to the bank interest rate.

It is reported that in addition to the above preferential interest policy, in order to ensure the stability of cooperation, CEO Ding Lei also said at the first supplier conference of Netease YEATION last year that in terms of orders, every cooperation between YEATION and suppliers will last at least 3 to 5 years, which is equivalent to giving suppliers a reassurance.

For the exhibitors in the Canton Fair, Netease YEATION, a model of direct supply of ODM products by suppliers, is a new attempt for them.

"The market competition for OEM of foreign big brands is becoming more and more fierce, and brands are pushing down prices too hard; The gross profit margin of supplying to YEATION is generally slightly higher than the traditional OEM model. " Ye Guoan’s handbag manufacturing co., Ltd. has been with Netease YEATION for one year. He said that although most of the company’s sales still come from the traditional OEM mode, he has decided to increase the scale of cooperation with YEATION, recommend several self-developed products to YEATION for shelf screening every quarter, and split the large workshop that was previously produced to match large orders into several small workshops to adapt to the rhythm of e-commerce and respond quickly. He feels that his identity has changed from a simple OEM to a strategic partner of YEATION, and his independent space has become larger.

"Maybe now is the best opportunity to bring foreign trade goods back to China and open up the domestic market." Ye Guoan said so.

Original Cheng Qionghui is a good doctor.

Dr. Wen Kepu: Dr. Cheng Qionghui

Every time I go out to the clinic, there will be patients with HPV infection who ask me anxiously, "Will I get condyloma acuminatum?" Will you get cervical cancer? Doctor, what should I do? " .

Condyloma acuminatum is an embarrassing sexually transmitted disease, which is caused by HPV infection and easy to recur, which will have a great impact on patients’ body and mind. Cervical cancer, one of the common malignant tumors in women, is also mainly caused by HPV infection.

Therefore, when HPV infection is detected, many people will panic.

After being infected with HPV, you may not get it.

Condyloma Acuminatum and Cervical Cancer

1. Over 80% of women will be infected with HPV.

About more than 80% of women may be infected with HPV in their lifetime, but not all of them may develop condyloma acuminatum or cervical cancer.

2. There are many HPV types.

At present, more than 200 subtypes of HPV have been identified, of which more than 40 subtypes can spread through sexual contact and infect the anal genital area.

HPV can be divided into low-risk type and high-risk type according to the carcinogenic risk. 90% ~ 95% of condyloma acuminatum cases are caused by low-risk viruses HPV6 and HPV11, and high-risk HPV persistent infection (mainly HPV16 and HPV18) can progress to cancer.

3. After being infected with HPV, most of them can clear themselves.

According to some data, most people will detect HPV within one year after they have sexual contact with HPV.

In most immunocompetent people, genital infection is only temporary. Within 1 ~ 2 years after HPV infection, the infection can be cleared by oneself through their own immune resistance, which is medically called transient infection.

4. After infection, HPV may be latent and persistent in vivo.

A few people with normal immunity, or when the immunity is not enough to clear HPV, HPV virus will lurk in the body for a long time, which is called persistent infection in medicine.

If you already have condyloma acuminatum, the number and size of warts may increase after the first appearance of warts, or they may disappear on their own. HPV infection may persist even after the visible warts subside. Mechanical stimulation, injury, immunosuppression, inflammation and other extracellular factors will affect the copy number of virus in latent infected cells, which may lead to the recurrence of warts.

Persistent high-risk HPV infection may lead to cervical cancer, penile cancer, anal cancer’s disease, oral cancer and other diseases.

Pay attention to these four points after being infected with HPV.

After being infected with HPV, don’t be too nervous or ill, and the suggestions are as follows:

1. Timely medical treatment

Women who continue to be infected with HPV will go through a rather slow process if cervical lesions may occur in the future. Once the infection is found, they must go to a regular hospital in time, and if necessary, they can consider corresponding treatment measures to speed up the elimination of HPV infection and reduce related risks.

2. Regular review and detection of HPV, regular physical examination and screening.

After being infected with HPV, remember to regularly review and monitor HPV viral load and TCT. Regular physical examination and cancer screening, once the disease progresses, can be found early and treated early!

3. Vaccinate with HPV vaccine

The best time for vaccination is 9-13 years old recommended by the World Health Organization and 9-26 years old recommended by the United States. In short, before having sex, the earlier the vaccination, the better.

If you have been infected with HPV, you can also be vaccinated. Because the vaccine covers many types of HPV viruses, the infected HPV may only be one or several types, and it can still play a preventive role against some uninfected HPV viruses after vaccination.

4. Avoid other risk factors

The increase in the number of sexual partners and the unfixed sexual partners will significantly increase the probability of HPV infection and increase the risk of cervical cancer. Therefore, it is recommended that sexual partners be fixed and single, and they should be covered all the time.

In addition, pay attention to quit smoking, avoid multiple abortions, have a good sleep, eat a good meal, exercise more, maintain a positive and optimistic attitude and a happy mood, and enhance immunity.

Read the original text

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 26 (Reporter Gao Jing) Since the beginning of this year, China has continued to promote the blue sky defense war, and the air pollution control in key areas has achieved remarkable results, but the air quality in some areas has fluctuated, and the concentration of PM2.5 has increased to varying degrees.

　　At the press conference held by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment that day, Liu Youbin, spokesperson of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, introduced this situation.

　　Liu Youbin said that air pollution control in key areas has achieved remarkable results. According to the latest data from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, in November this year, the average number of excellent days in "2+26" cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and surrounding areas was 63%, up 18.6 percentage points year-on-year; The concentration of PM2.5 was 63 μ g/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 25.9%.

　　He said that in addition to key areas, the quality of atmospheric environment in other areas has also improved significantly. From January to November 2019, the average concentration of PM2.5 in 261 cities with PM2.5 below the standard level and above was 38 μ g/m3, which was 22.4% lower than that in the same period of 2015, exceeding the progress requirements of the 13 th Five-Year Plan. Among them, Central China and Southwest China decreased by 22% and 13% respectively; The average concentration of PM2.5 in more than a dozen provinces such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia changed from substandard to standard.

　　He also said that since the beginning of this year, air quality in some areas has fluctuated due to factors such as insufficient work pressure transmission and ineffective response to heavy polluted weather. For example, in the border area of Jiangsu, Anhui and Lu Yu where the "2+26" city and the Yangtze River Delta meet, the concentration of PM2.5 in Hunan and other places has increased to varying degrees.

　　In response to the above situation, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment timely organized a symposium on air quality early warning and joint prevention and control of regional air pollution, carried out air quality early warning on a quarterly basis, and interviewed areas with serious pollution rebound. At present, the rebound of pollution in some areas has been effectively curbed.

　　Liu Youbin said that in the next step, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will continue to guide all localities to accurately control pollution, scientifically control pollution, and control pollution according to law to ensure the successful completion of the goals of the blue sky defense war. The first is to implement the working mechanism of "early warning, interview and accountability" and carry out special inspections in areas where air quality has deteriorated significantly and the progress of binding indicators has lagged behind. The second is to strengthen guidance and assistance to cities in non-key areas, and strengthen regional joint prevention and control of cross-regional pollution problems. The third is to strengthen the response to heavy pollution weather, guide local governments to implement performance grading and differentiated control, and effectively reduce the impact of heavy pollution weather.

　　Now is the internet age, and many elective courses in universities offer the choice of online courses, which allows students to choose online courses or offline courses freely. So,How to finish online courses quickly? The following will be introduced to you.

How to finish online courses quickly

　　Step 1, download and install an old version of the roaming browser;

　　Step 2, open the web page of the online course, enter the settings of the browser, and set the mandatory extreme speed mode in the advanced settings;

　　Step 3, click on the online course video you selected;

　　Step 4, put the mouse in the video frame, and a horse icon will appear in the upper right corner of the video frame;

　　Step 5: Move the mouse to the icon and select Fast Forward.

　　The above is the answer about how to finish the online course quickly, hoping to help everyone.

Original: Shi Juan returns to the park

As double 11 approaches, many people have already filled their shopping carts with health care products in advance, just waiting for the zero discount time to start shooting. Among them, one of the hottest and most publicized commodities is probably imported joint health care products. However, the latest research proves that the key ingredients in joint health care products may not be as useful as placebos. At the same time, because its formula changes at will, its medicinal properties and toxicity are also difficult to monitor. Friends who want to buy such health care products at special prices need to think twice before you do.

Today’s two articles bring together some kinds of goods that should be bought carefully or even not. Among them, the e-cigarettes that we strongly warned about were completely removed from Taobao and Tmall on November 6. So far, the online sales platform has completely banned the sale of e-cigarettes.

Writing | Shi Juan

Maybe you exercise a lot, maybe you need to sit still for a long time because of your work, or maybe you are old. In either case, the concept of protecting your joints must be familiar.

Known as a health care product that is good for joints, the most popular brand at present is Move Free, which is a brand of Schiff, a famous American health care company. Common models are as follows:

Image from Schiff official website

Costco, a famous American supermarket, also has several kinds that people often buy.

Image from CVS official website

The main components of these drugs are glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Some of them are added with vitamin D or an organic sulfur compound: dimethyl sulfone (MSM, an essential substance for human collagen synthesis).

Glucosamine claims to "strengthen, protect and rebuild joints", while chondroitin sulfate "can help lubricate and cushion joints", thus finally relieving joint pain, joint stiffness and arthritis.

I believe everyone has read many online articles recommending this health care product (the screenshot is omitted here).

However, are glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate really good for joints?

One study after another published in authoritative magazines shows that glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate health care products have no effect on joints. Even in the United States, there are several class actions, accusing the manufacturers of these health care products of making false advertisements, misleading and deceiving ordinary consumers [1, 2].

Photo: In June 2019, consumers collectively sued Schiff Move Free for false advertising and formally filed a case. [2]

A series of studies, the answer is getting clearer and clearer.

The most famous research is called Gait (Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial), which took four years and cost $12.5 million. It was funded by two departments under the National Institutes of Health (NIH), namely National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) and National Institute of Arthritis/Musculoskeletal/Dermatology (NIAMS).

The purpose of this study is to determine whether glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Let’s take out these studies and analyze them for everyone.

one

This study was published in the authoritative medical journal New England Medicine in 2006 [3].

A total of 1583 patients with osteoarthritis were recruited and randomly assigned to take:

Placebo (the same shape as medicine, but without the ingredients of medicine, it can be simply understood as sugar ball)

1,500 milligrams of glucosamine per day

1200 mg chondroitin sulfate per day

1500 mg glucosamine +1200 mg chondroitin sulfate per day

200 mg of prescription drug celebrex (an analgesic used to relieve pain for arthritis and other diseases) every day.

It is worth noting that this dose is the dose of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in popular health care products at that time. It is emphasized here that there was a reason for the dose in health care products at that time, which will be further explained later.

If the patient feels that the joint pain is still uncontrollable, he can take up to 4000 mg of acetaminophen (the main component of Tylenol) every day.

The main purpose of the study is to see if the pain in the knee joint is reduced by 20% after taking the medicine for 24 weeks.

The result is as follows:

It can be seen that there is no significant difference between the group taking glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate and the placebo group.

However, it is worth noting that at 24 weeks, 60.1% (more than half) people who took placebos also felt that their symptoms had improved. This extraordinary placebo effect is often seen in clinical trials of arthritis. Without knowing what they are eating, patients think they are taking useful drugs, and strong psychological hints will make the pain less intense.

Source: The-Science-Site.com.

This trial is a good example to explain why clinical trials are rigorous only if they are randomized and double-blind. Randomized double-blind trials should make sure that there is basically no difference in appearance between the pills in the placebo group and the real pills. The people who eat them can’t guess what they are eating at all, and the people who collect data don’t know what each patient is eating, so as to ensure that there will be no bias in the data collection process.

After taking celebrex for 24 weeks, those who felt that their pain was reduced by 20% were about 10% higher than those in the placebo group, achieving a statistically significant effect. Once again, it proves that this prescription drug is effective.

Finally, the author of this study divided the patients into groups according to the severity of symptoms, and found that the combined therapy of 1500 mg glucosamine and 1200 mg chondroitin sulfate/day seems to have certain effect on patients with severe symptoms. However, it is worth noting that the number of volunteers with severe symptoms in this study is relatively small, and the sample size is too small to be conclusive, which needs further research to confirm.

2

So, these authors continued to study. The new results were published in the journal Arthritis and Rheumatism in 2008 [4]. We call it study 2 (the last one was called study 1).

The time of the second study was extended from 24 weeks to 24 months (two years), and the patients with severe symptoms were studied emphatically, because the last short-term trial found that the combination therapy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate might be useful for these patients.

572 patients with moderate or severe knee osteoarthritis were recruited and randomly divided into five groups:

placebo

Glucosamine (500 mg each time, 3 times a day: 1500 mg/day)

Chondroitin sulfate (400 mg each time, 3 times a day: 1200 mg/day)

Glucosamine (500 mg each time, 3 times a day)+chondroitin sulfate (400 mg each time, 3 times a day)

Celebrex (200 mg once a day)

The final effective index of this experiment is not the subjective pain feeling in the first experiment (this kind of patient’s feeling is the most prone to error), but the change of joint space width is determined by X-ray at 24 months. The more severe osteoarthritis is, the more cartilage loss is, and the smaller joint space is. If a drug can stop or even reverse the shortening of joint space, it can improve the joint structure and relieve symptoms.

Finally, in the second study, the average joint spacing of patients with osteoarthritis in the placebo group decreased by 0.166 mm after two years, which meant that osteoarthritis was aggravated.

Compared with placebo, glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate or their combination therapy did not significantly reduce the loss of joint space width (arthritis did not relieve).

The researchers even observed that the joint space shortening (arthritis aggravation) of combined therapy was more serious than that of other groups, probably because taking two drugs at the same time affected the absorption of each drug-and most health care products on the market mixed these two ingredients together.

three

The final result of the GAIT study was published in Rheumatology Annual Report in 2010 [5]. We call it study three.

The third study was similar to the first study, except that the experiment was extended from 24 weeks to 24 months.

This time, the researcher recruited 662 volunteers with moderate to severe osteoarthritis and randomly divided them into five groups as in the second paper. The main index is, as in the first study, to see whether the pain of knee joint is reduced by 20% compared with that before taking medicine.

The results of this long-term experiment are similar to those of study 1. All groups had significant pain and functional improvement within 2 years. However, no treatment is significantly better than placebo. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups, which once again proved the powerful placebo effect.

The good news is that no serious side effects were observed in all the treatment groups-it seems that these drugs are safe to take for at least two years in this experiment.

GAIT research tells us:

1. The curative effect of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate comes from strong psychological suggestion to a great extent. Even if you eat "sugar balls", if you think you are eating drugs that are useful for joints, more than half of people will feel that joint pain is reduced.

2. Taking glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate at the same time may affect the absorption of any single component.

3. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate can not improve the shortening of joint space after illness.

four

The latest study on glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate was completed in 2016 [6]. This experiment recruited 164 patients with knee pain caused by osteoarthritis, and half of them took glucosamine (1500 mg/day) and chondroitin sulfate (1200 mg/day). The other half took a placebo.

However, the study was terminated early for an unusual reason: compared with the placebo group, the symptoms of patients who took glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate worsened.

Further than the previous three experimental results, this result suggests a terrible possibility: taking glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate may make the joint condition worse than doing nothing.

Move Free, hepatotoxicity?

I often hear friends around me say that most people eat health care products without any side effects. What if they eat them? If you don’t eat, don’t you miss that "one thousand" opportunity?

However, have you overlooked the "one thousand" harmful situation?

In fact, there are no published prospective studies on the efficacy, tolerance and safety of most health care products.

Remarks:

Prospective study usually involves observing a group of subjects for a long time, and studying whether some observed results (such as illness) are related to other factors (such as suspicious risks or protective factors) during the trial. The prospective study related to the safety of health products mentioned here is to observe whether a group of people who eat health products will have some adverse reactions related to eating health products.

This is because the ingredients of health care products are not strictly monitored by FDA, and the formula can be changed frequently. This not only makes it difficult to study its security, but also means that its security is even more insecure. Who knows which batch of formula will go wrong?

Take the current Schiff Move Free series products as an example.

If you look closely at the website of Schiff Nutrition International, the manufacturer of Move Free, you will find that there is a small line below:

“Our packaging and/or formulas change from time to time. Please refer to the actual packaging for current product information.”

Our packaging and/or formula will change from time to time. Please refer to the actual packaging for current product information. "

Figure: Composition description of a Move Free product on Schiff Nutrition International website.

At present, many cases have been reported, saying that patients taking Move Free have obvious liver damage in clinic.

In 2010, the first case report on liver injury caused by taking Move Free was published in the United States [7]. Subsequently, new cases were reported in August 2012 and September 2013. In these published cases, patients developed acute hepatocyte injury within 1-3 weeks after taking a Move Free product. The degree of injury is moderate and can be relieved within 1 to 2 months after stopping taking it; There is no immune allergy and autoimmune reaction, and it can finally recover completely in all cases. However, one patient resumed using the product when he was half well, and immediately developed acute liver injury with similar symptoms. In addition, although no more cases have been published, there are three prospective studies on drug-induced hepatotoxicity in the United States, all of which mentioned acute liver injury cases related to Move Free, all of which occurred in 2012-2013 [October 12].

The specific Move Free products mentioned in these cases at that time, in addition to the main glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, also contained a patented herbal mixture, including China Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu.

These reports attributed the liver injury caused by Move Free to Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in China [13], and only one case was attributed to glucosamine [11]. However, China Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi protects the liver in animal models, but not damages it [14-16]. Why can it cause human liver injury? The report did not reasonably explain its mechanism of liver injury. There is also a kind of explanation that the China Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Move Free contains pollutants, or maybe it is not China Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi at all (the manufacturer made a mistake and added a similar plant as China Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi).

Therefore, it is still uncertain what specific components may cause liver injury. Manufacturers often change the composition and concentration of health care products, so it is not certain whether the products currently on the market still contain these harmful ingredients. At present, Move Free series products no longer list "including China Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and other herbal ingredients", but give a patented ingredient with a new name on some products, which is called "uniflex (fruitex-b calcium fruitoborate)", claiming to be a mineral extracted from vegetables and fruits.

What’s more noteworthy is that the content of chondroitin sulfate in the Move Free series products listed on the official website in the United States has been greatly reduced (see the figure below), and the dosage has been reduced from 1200mg per day to 200mg per day. There is no glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in the Move Free Ultra series products, one of which only contains calcium and calcium borate, and the other contains a patented cartilage mixture. However, most of them are produced by different manufacturers, such as similar products of Kirkland brand sold by Costco, and the dosage is still 1500 mg of glucosamine and 1200 mg of chondroitin sulfate every day.

Figure: The ingredients of four existing Move Free series products (from official website, USA) are chondroitin sulfate content in the red box. Click to see a bigger picture.

Figure: Components of four existing Move Free Ultra series products (from official website, USA).

In addition, a small study in 2013 found that taking glucosamine may increase the risk of glaucoma, which will threaten vision if it is not treated in time [17]. Chondroitin sulfate can play the role of blood anticoagulant, so it may cause internal bleeding.

Another problem that is often overlooked is drug interaction: any combination of compounds may produce bad interactions. If you are taking other drugs, you must decide carefully whether to take health care products. Because they may not contain the amount indicated on the label, or they may contain pollutants-this will make it more difficult for you to accurately judge whether there will be drug interactions.

Other side effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate include:

Heartburn, heartburn

feel tired and sleepy

headache

Allergic reaction (especially if you are allergic to shellfish)

What drugs/treatments are there for arthritis?

So far, there is no therapy or medicine that can cure arthritis.

There are many drugs that can be used to improve symptoms (mainly to relieve pain) and slow down the deterioration of the disease, but they cannot completely reverse the structural damage.

Because there are more than 100 different kinds of arthritis, each specific type of treatment is not exactly the same. We should prescribe the right medicine after diagnosis.

After the doctor looked around and guessed the type of arthritis he might have, there were two main methods for further diagnosis:

1. Body fluid analysis. Analyzing blood, urine and joint fluid can help determine what type of arthritis you may have. In order to obtain a sample of joint fluid, doctors usually need to put a needle into the joint space to suck some fluid.

2. Imaging analysis. Commonly used imaging methods include X-ray, CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound.

After confirming the type of arthritis, you may need to try several different treatments or combinations of treatments to find the one that suits you best.

There are usually three types of therapies: drugs, physical therapy and surgery.

01

medicine

Different types of arthritis, should use different drugs. Commonly used arthritis drugs include:

Analgesics These drugs help to relieve pain, but they can’t diminish inflammation. For example, acetaminophen (the main component of Tylenol), Ultram (Ultracet), and some strictly regulated painkillers (such as oxycodone).

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs can relieve pain and diminish inflammation at the same time. Over-the-counter NSAID include ibuprofen (Motrin) and naproxen sodium (Aleve). Some types of NSAID must be obtained by prescription. Oral NSAID may cause stomach upset, and some may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke. Some NSAID can also be rubbed on joints as creams or gels. I have talked about the points for attention in the use of Tylenol and Ibuprofen before. If you are interested, you can go and see it (→ How to use Tylenol and Ibuprofen correctly? | 117 threesome).

Anti-irritant Some kinds of ointment contain menthol or capsaicin. Rubbing these ointments on the skin of painful joints may interfere with the transmission of pain signals, thus achieving the effect of relieving pain.

Antirheumatic drugs. Usually used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, it can slow down or prevent the immune system from attacking joints. Such as methotrexate (Trexall) and hydroxychloroquine.

Specific immune response modulators. It is usually used with anti-rheumatic drugs, which target certain protein molecules involved in immune response. Such as etanercept (Enbrel) and infliximab (Remicade).

Corticosteroids. These drugs, including prednisone and cortisone, can reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Corticosteroids can be administered orally or directly into joints.

02

physiotherapy

Physical therapy is helpful for some types of arthritis. Moderate exercise can improve and strengthen the muscles around the joints.

03

operation

If nothing works, it will be operated. Include joint repair or joint replacement.

04

Acupuncture, yoga, Tai Ji Chuan and massage.

There is little data to support these unconventional treatments, but there is no conclusive evidence that they are ineffective. You can look at your own reaction to see if you try.

Total knot

Although there is no convincing data to prove that health products containing glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are beneficial to joints, many people will buy and take them. Some people think that even if there is no effect from the overall data of the population, it may be useful for individuals because of some factors; Others believe that even if most of the effects come from the placebo effect, the benefits of the placebo effect are real and hard to give up.

However, the latest clinical results and several cases of side effects show that these health care products may also be harmful to health. Manufacturers often change the formula, and the actual ingredients and dosage may be far from what you expected.

Most types of arthritis are chronic and will affect life-long diseases. Knowing all kinds of risk factors (including obesity, sedentary lifestyle, eating habits, joint injuries, smoking, etc.), changing lifestyle and reducing the chance of getting sick are the best preventive measures. It is absolutely unacceptable to put all your hopes on health care products without fundamentally changing your living habits.

references

[1] https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/consumer-products/supplements/900914-move-free-supplement-buyers-get-class-cert-false-ad-lawsuit/

[2] https://topclassactions.com/lawsuit-settlements/lawsuit-news/791647-schiff-move-free-class-action-says-joint-health-supplements-dont-work/

[3] D. O. Clegg et al., Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med 354, 795-808 (2006).

[4] A. D. Sawitzke et al., The effect of glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulfate on the progression of knee osteoarthritis: a report from the glucosamine/ chondroitin arthritis intervention trial. Arthritis Rheum 58, 3183-3191 (2008).

[5] A. D. Sawitzke et al., Clinical efficacy and safety of glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, their combination, celecoxib or placebo taken to treat osteoarthritis of the knee: 2-year results from GAIT. Ann Rheum Dis 69, 1459-1464 (2010).

[6] J. A. Roman-Blas et al., Combined Treatment With Chondroitin Sulfate and Glucosamine Sulfate Shows No Superiority Over Placebo for Reduction of Joint Pain and Functional Impai rment in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Six-Month Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Arthritis & Rheumatology 69, 77-85 (2017).

[7] S. A. Linnebur, O. C. Rapacchietta, M. Vejar, Hepatotoxicity associated with chinese skullcap contained in Move Free Advanced dietary supplement: two case reports and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 30, 750, 258e-262e (2010).

[8] L. Yang, A. Aronsohn, J. Hart, D. Jensen, Herbal hepatoxicity from Chinese skullcap: A case report. World J Hepatol 4, 231-233 (2012).

9. R. Dhanasekaran, V. Owens, W. Sanchez, Chinese skullcap in move free arthritis supplement causes drug induced liver injury and pulmonary infiltrates. Case Reports Hepatol 2013, 965092-965092 (2013).

[10] V. J. Navarro et al., Liver injury from herbals and dietary supplements in the U.S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 60, 1399-1408 (2014).

[11] S. Rossi, V. J. Navarro, Herbs and Liver Injury: A Clinical Perspective. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 12, 1069-1076 (2014).

[12] N. Chalasani et al., Features and Outcomes of 899 Patients With Drug-Induced Liver Injury: The DILIN Prospective Study. Gastroenterology 148, 1340-1352.e1347 (2015).

[13] V. J. Navarro, L. B. Seeff, Liver Injury Induced by Herbal Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Clinics in Liver Disease 17, 715-735 (2013).

[14] Q. Dong et al., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract protects against alcohol?induced acute liver injury in mice and affects the mechanism of ER stress. Mol Med Rep 13, 3052-3062 (2016).

[15] J. Boer et al., Protection against aflatoxin-B-1-induced liver mutagenesis by Scutellaria baicalensis. Mutation research 578, 15-22 (2005).

[16] H. N. Thanh et al., Ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 5, 761-767 (2015).

[17] R. K. Murphy et al., Oral Glucosamine Supplements as a Possible Ocular Hypertensive Agent. JAMA Ophthalmology 131, 955-957 (2013).

The pen name is "Cats at My Will" and now lives in Boston, USA. I graduated from the Department of Biological Sciences and Technology in Tsinghua University with a bachelor’s degree, and joined a multinational well-known pharmaceutical company to engage in drug research and development after obtaining a doctorate in the United States. For more than ten years, he led the team to fight diabetes and muscular dystrophy. In recent years, he focused on the research and development of anti-aging drugs. Personal WeChat WeChat official account "Feel Free" to talk to you about medical care.

Shi Juan

END

Copyright statement: individuals are welcome to forward, and any form of media or institutions may not reprint or extract without authorization. Reprint authorization, please contact the backstage in "Back to Park" WeChat WeChat official account.

Original title: "double 11 carefully buys joint health products: the formula is changed at will, and the effect is not as good as placebo | 117 threesome"

Read the original text

Recently, fraud cases caused by AI face-changing technology have attracted people’s attention. With the development of AI model, the application scope of "face changing" technology is getting wider and wider, and the breakthrough of technology also makes the facial expressions and action details of the characters after face changing more realistic, which may bring serious harm once it is used by criminals. The reporter’s investigation found that it is very easy to obtain AI face-changing software on the Internet. Where is the legal boundary of using AI face-changing software? How to supervise beforehand?

Paid AI face-changing software appears on the network.

Package prices range from 499 yuan to 2888 yuan.

At present, relying on the breakthrough of large models and algorithms, AI face-changing is realizing a wider range of applications, causing more concerns. On the internet, there are many tutorials demonstrating the use and effect of face-changing software. Different from a large number of free software that gives ordinary people "early adopters", the reporter found that there are many high-priced paid AI face-changing software on the Internet. What is the difference between these paid software and free software?

The reporter contacted a developer after searching for "AI face-changing software", and he provided the reporter with a demonstration video of using his software to realize face-changing. On the left side of the dual-window page is the original video before face-changing, and on the right side is the video after face-changing. To the naked eye, the mouth shape, expression and tiny movements of the "digital man" after face-changing are almost flawless.

△ The face changing effect of the amateur shown by the seller (S is the original video, D is after the replacement)

On its sales website, the software developer also showed how to stitch the eyes and mouths of two famous actresses together to generate a new "digital man" video.

△ Local facial features replacement displayed by the seller

This paid software offers different versions from basic (LV1) to super (LV4) to full set (LV5). For the primary package, 499 yuan provides software interface, video guidance, face changing model, etc. If 2888 yuan is spent, you can get a full set of (LV5) video face changing models.

△ There are many different levels of face-changing software products available on the network.

"You can change your face if you want."

AI big model can integrate multiple functions to create a "digital person"

Open the website, there is no text at the bottom showing that it has been filed. The seller is also very cautious, and only uses words to communicate throughout. He said that compared with the basic (LV1) to super (LV4) packages, the full (LV5) version has more iterations and stronger capabilities, which can also be understood as a more realistic face-changing effect. At the same time, it can not only realize video face-changing, but also support live face-changing.

The reporter further asked, can you change your face according to your own needs? Software developers said: "What kind of face you want to change can be trained with material."

△ Software developers are chatting with reporters.

A technician engaged in AI development said that this means that there may be more uncontrollable risks. "AI face-changing technology like deepfake is open source. Recently, the AI ? ? big model has become popular, and its algorithm has been updated. It is possible to integrate the functions of Wensheng map, Wensheng text, Wensheng audio, Wensheng video and face-changing. By combining these functions, a completely new’ digital person’ or’ AI person’ can be created, and the cost and difficulty of supervision are several orders of magnitude higher."

△ User feedback displayed by the seller

Expert: An Effective Supervision System for Labeling

Can clarify the fuzzy boundary brought by AI face change in advance.

Zhao Zhanling, a lawyer and IT legal expert of Beijing Jiawei Law Firm, said that from the perspective of post-strike, there are provisions on fraud in the criminal law; It is clear in the Civil Code that citizens have the right to portrait, name, reputation and other corresponding civil rights. In other words, if there is a related case of fraud by using someone else’s portrait, the criminals can be bound and sanctioned by law afterwards. However, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, we should also explore how to effectively prevent beforehand.

For example, in the Regulations on the Management of Deep Integration of Internet Information Services, it is required that if the deep integration service may lead to confusion or misidentification by the public, the deep integration service provider shall prominently mark the reasonable position and area of the generated or edited information content.

The Measures for the Administration of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services (Draft for Comment) requires that before using generative artificial intelligence products to provide services to the public, a safety assessment should be reported to the national network information department in accordance with relevant regulations; Respect the legitimate interests of others; Product providers should be responsible for the legality of pre-training data and optimizing the source of training data for generative artificial intelligence products.

△ Source: vision china

Pan Helin, co-director of the Digital Economy and Financial Innovation Research Center of the International Joint Business School of Zhejiang University, believes that at present, if the requirements of the logo can be effectively implemented and an effective supervision system can be formed, the fuzzy boundary brought by the AI ? ? face change can be clarified in advance to a great extent.

Pan Helin: At present, the supervision system of AI face-changing logo has not yet been formed. It is necessary to identify the unlabeled content through technical means, and there must be specific punishment measures, standards and systems for unlabeled individuals or units.

Zhao Zhanling believes that in the long run, the supervision and punishment measures need to be "iterated" with the development of technology to form a three-dimensional and effective governance plan.

Life photo

Commendation photo

Free clinic consultation

Chu Liyun, female, born in July 1966, enlisted in the army in July 1981, with a level 5 professional skill. She is currently the chief nurse and head nurse of the Third Division of the Cadre Ward of the 401st Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, and is the mother of Comrade Zhang Xuejiao at Qingdao Frontier Inspection Station. Since graduating from the military academy in 1984, this comrade has been rooted in the clinical front line for 33 years, showing the value of life by caring for patients, improving the quality of work by continuous exploration and enterprising, interpreting angel’s love with scientific human management, and silently doing nursing work in ordinary posts to the extreme, practicing the Nightingale spirit with practical actions of respecting every patient and being kind to every life. Because of outstanding work achievements, He has been rated as "Top Ten Nurses", "Excellent Nurses", "Excellent Head Nurse" and "Excellent Communist party member" in the hospital for many times, and has been awarded many honorary medals such as "Advanced Woman" and "Ideal Shines in the Post" by the Navy North Sea Fleet. For three years in a row, it has been rated as "excellent service star" in Qingdao health system, "civilized worker" in Qingdao health system, "good nurse satisfied by the people" in Qingdao, the fourth "Li Guimei’s good nurse" nursing outstanding contribution award in Qingdao, and Qingdao "Adhere to the clinical good nurse for 30 years and the "most beautiful head nurse" in Qingdao; He was awarded the title of "Excellent Nurse" and "Excellent Nursing Worker" in the Ninth Branch of jinan military area command for many times, and won the third-class merit three times.

Filial piety to parents-in-law, caring for husband and teaching daughter are the "wife’s help" in the neighborhood.

Shortly after Chu Liyun got married, his father-in-law was diagnosed with advanced esophageal cancer, and he could not eat through his mouth, so he could only maintain his life by intravenous infusion. Because her family agreed to hide her illness from her father-in-law and refused to send her father-in-law to the hospital, Chu Liyun took the initiative to assume the responsibility of home care. No matter whether she worked at night shift in the unit or worked at night shift, no matter whether it was windy or snowy, she took a trip every day and rode her bike to and from more than 20 kilometers. More than half a year after her father-in-law died, she never stopped. When my father-in-law died, he left a last wish that "her lover must apply for graduate school." To this end, she has undertaken almost all the housework and tried her best to support her lover to concentrate on studying for master’s and doctoral students. In six years, she spent a lot of time together. While working, she took care of her ailing mother-in-law, while taking care of her daughter’s preschool education, and cultivated her daughter’s interests in dance, calligraphy and painting. Her paintings and calligraphy won the first and second prizes in the National Children’s Painting and Calligraphy Competition. After enlisting in the army, Zhang Xuejiao gave full play to his literary and artistic expertise, and directed more than 10 special cultural programs such as dance and allegro, which were performed in the cultural performances of provincial offices, corps and Qingdao Cooperation Zone successively, and won unanimous praise from officers and men.

Benevolence and kindness nursing are recognized as "service stars" by doctors and patients.

As the head nurse in the cadre ward above the military level, I can’t remember how many different roles she played — Granddaughter, daughter, sister, comrade-in-arms … … In 2015, a 97-year-old veteran cadre was unconscious due to a sudden cerebral hemorrhage. She took meticulous care of her like a baby. She lived in the department for several days and guarded her bed. After the veteran cadre woke up, she heard about this and pointed to her wife. Emotionally said: "This is our own daughter!" . When she was discharged from the hospital, she was specially presented with a banner, which read "To Head Nurse Chu Liyun: She is extremely enthusiastic about her comrades and is active and responsible for her work". In addition, she insisted on visiting newly admitted patients within 12 hours, patrolling the ward at least twice a day on weekdays and at least once a day on holidays, keeping abreast of patients’ needs and doing her best to solve problems for patients; She insisted on taking the initiative to leave her mobile phone number for every hospitalized patient, and turned it on 24 hours a day, so as to be responsive, answer questions and be on call.

In 2002, as one of the first nurses sent abroad to study in the hospital, she went to Japan to study clinical nursing and nursing education. After returning home, she eagerly updated her knowledge, assiduously studied related rehabilitation skills, and applied the early rehabilitation concept of cerebrovascular disease to clinical work, which was highly recognized by her peers. In 2006, she was selected by the hospital and sent to the special training center of Run Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University for venous catheterization technology. After strict examination, she successfully obtained PICC technical qualification certification, and now she has successfully placed catheters for more than 1,000 patients, improving the level of venous treatment in the hospital. A patient from Taiwan Province was in hemorrhagic shock due to sudden upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and her blood pressure could not be measured. She quickly and skillfully performed central venous catheterization for him through femoral vein, established a safe venous passage, and transfused 3000ML for 2 hours, saving the patient’s life. A patient with esophageal cancer survived for nine months after PICC intubation, and his family regarded PICC intubation as a life channel. The diligent pursuit of her career has yielded fruitful results. She once participated in the "First Naval Nursing Technology Competition" on behalf of the hospital and won many awards such as individual event, pentathlon and group. Also won the first prize in Qingdao vein indwelling needle competition. In addition, she has served as the coach and evaluation of nursing technology competitions organized by hospitals, logistics department of Qingdao base, Qingdao base, North Sea Fleet Air Force, North Sea Fleet and Qingdao for many times, and trained many nursing technical backbones for grass-roots health units of the army.He has published 20 professional papers and 5 monographs by the first author, and successively won one third prize for military medical achievements, four third prizes for military scientific and technological progress, one second prize for Qingdao scientific and technological progress, one third prize for Shandong scientific and technological progress, two national utility model patents and one national invention patent.

Chu Liyun’s selfless, selfless and conscientious professionalism has brought her a personal influence. Zhang Xuejiao worked hard in her post and worked hard for many years. In 2015, she was commended as an "advanced individual in law enforcement" by the Border Defense Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security.

Perseverance, courage and responsibility are the "loving elder sister" respected by officers and men.

During his 36-year military career, Chu Liyun has participated in military medical support tasks many times. In December 2015, she was nearly 50 years old. With the strong support of her family, she actively requested to participate in the 22nd escort mission of the Navy and served as the party branch secretary of the medical team. During the seven-month mission, he not only withstood the severe physical and mental tests of various complex sea conditions, but also took the lead, actively participated in various exercises, and always served every officer and soldier patiently and meticulously with full work enthusiasm. Take the initiative, carry out health knowledge teaching, and organize self-help and mutual rescue training and competitions for officers and men in war injuries. Actively participate in the rescue and care of the fishermen of the "Zhangyuan" in the Gulf of Aden. In every medical emergency, she always takes the lead and rushes to the front, showing the good image of female soldiers in China. Many media, such as People’s Navy Daily and Zhongxin. com, have given special reports, and the escorted officers and men are affectionately known as "loving big sisters". Mother and daughter always encourage each other tacitly, whether they are concerned about their daughters during the voyage across the equator or worried about their mothers in the Gulf of Aden mission area. They are both close friends and like-minded comrades-in-arms. Zhang Xuejiao proudly said: "Mom is escorted by one person, and our whole family is glorious. My mother has set a good example for me as a revolutionary soldier, and I will work harder like my mother. " Engaged in information legal work, often have to work overtime,Sometimes she works continuously until late at night. Zhang Xuejiao never complains that she is tired and full of energy.

Enthusiastic public welfare and selfless dedication are the "most beautiful head nurses" praised by the masses.

Years of work practice have made Chu Liyun feel that as a head nurse, it is far from enough to rely on one’s love, patience and compassion. Only by bringing out an excellent nursing team, cultivating a group of excellent nursing talents and creating a series of advanced nursing cultures with a responsible attitude, scientific management and innovative spirit can we be truly responsible for the nursing cause. And she is willing to devote her life to this great and beloved cause. The nursing group led by her has been rated as "advanced clinical teaching department", "excellent training department" and "advanced nursing unit" for many times. "Standardized nursing unit with high quality service", the "excellent nursing unit" of the ninth branch of the Joint Logistics Department, was jointly commended by the Ministry of Health of the People’s Liberation Army General Logistics Department and the Ministry of Health in 2010 as "demonstration ward with high quality nursing service". In 2014, it was named "Top Ten Outstanding Nursing Teams" in Qingdao. The "Rose in the Army" initiated by her — The Nightingale Nursing Volunteer Service Team of 401 Hospital often uses holidays to go deep into street communities to carry out free clinic activities for the people, carry out health education and rehabilitation guidance, and is welcomed by the masses. She has lived for decades,Leading nurses to regularly and voluntarily replace catheters, fistulas, nasal feeding tubes, PICC catheter maintenance, skin and wound care for patients with mobility difficulties after discharge. Many patients said in thank-you letters: "The head nurse thought of the front of the patient and did it in the patient’s heart!" Other patients’ families embroidered "meticulous care and consideration" on the banner. She also often uses her rest time to go to nursing homes for nursing business guidance, persistent dedication, and convey the warmth of angels with true love. In May this year, Comrade Chu Liyun won the title of "the most beautiful head nurse" in the activity of "Looking for the most beautiful head nurse" carried out by Qingdao News Network.