NVIDIA Broadcast experience anchor must have 30 series graphics card.

NVIDIA Broadcast software is a live broadcast software released with RTX 30 series graphics card conference. This software has powerful and easy-to-use live broadcast effects, such as one-button switching effects such as background deletion, portrait tracking, background replacement, background blurring, and noise elimination effects in noisy environments. It can be said that it is a professional software specially provided for anchors.
For the previous live broadcast, its strength is that the anchor no longer needs any background layout, and its working principle is that it is deeply learned by DGX supercomputer using AI algorithm, so users only need an ordinary camera and a GeForce RTX series graphics card.
NVIDIA Broadcast
At present, NVIDIA Broadcast software has been open for download. First, enter NVIDIA official website, in the top bar [Platform → Games and Entertainment → Overview]. After entering the official website of GeForce, you can also find live broadcasts in the top bar of games and technologies. After entering the page, you can find out the details and download them.
To use this software, the graphics driver version needs 456.38 or higher, and because the software uses AI algorithm, a GeForce RTX series graphics card is also essential.
01NVIDIA Broadcast software debugging
Noise reduction effect
Open NVIDIA Broadcast software, and the interface is simple and easy to understand. The home page is the microphone adjustment and testing interface, and the current effect is only noise elimination. I believe more audio effects will be added in the subsequent version update.
In the actual test, our recording location is the office, and the environment is noisy, accompanied by mechanical keyboard and ambient human voice. The noise reduction effect is very obvious, and the noise reduction intensity can be adjusted freely.
Audition of contrast effect
In the speaker setting in the second column, users can choose the noise reduction effects of different scenes for comparative audition. The preset scenes include environmental noises such as air conditioning, fans and rain.
Background blur
In addition, in the camera effect, the first one is the blurred background. When we turn on the effect, we can see that the portrait and the background are separated immediately, and there is almost no distortion at the edge of the character when the clothes are dark. If you want different blur intensity, you can also adjust it yourself and preview it in real time.
Background replacement
Of course, if you don’t feel satisfied with the blurring effect and don’t want your own room as the background, the software also provides the effect of virtual background replacement, and users can choose any picture as the background. We choose the wallpaper of Cyberpunk 2077 as the background, and we can see that the cutout is quite delicate and blends well with the background.
Background deletion
Background removal is also the most commonly used effect for game anchors at present. After selecting this effect, you can directly preview the characters after keying. In the past, if we want to achieve the effect in the picture, at least we need to prepare a green screen behind us for matting, but the power of NVIDIA Broadcast software lies in this, which can accurately identify portraits in our completely messy office and make your room instantly become an anchor room. Moreover, you don’t need to make any preparations for this, just need a GeForce RTX graphics card and NVIDIA Broadcast software.
Automatic focus tracking
The final autofocus effect is more suitable for live broadcast anchors with goods, chatting, dancing and other categories. It can automatically track the head of the person in front of the camera, as long as it can keep accurate tracking within the camera range, there is no need to worry about drawing the person because of taking the goods next to it.
Practical application of 02 software
At present, Cyberpunk 2077 can be said to be a phenomenal game, and the number of online users even jumped to the top in steam statistics. As a stand-alone game, it surpassed the popular online games such as DOTA2 and CS: GO.
Find Camera(NVIDIA Broadcast)
For live games, the most commonly used software is OBS, which is powerful and easy to use as the version is updated. Similarly, after turning on OBS, the camera device needs to be manually adjusted to [Camera(NVIDIA Broadcast)], and the professional anchor effect can be achieved after confirmation.
"Cyberpunk 2077" Live Test Scene
In the live broadcast test, we chose Cyberpunk 2077 to see the effect, but users should pay attention to the fact that if they want to broadcast live, they must choose the "no nudity" mode, otherwise …
Actual live broadcast picture
In the actual live broadcast, the anchor can achieve the key effect through the background deletion function of NVIDIA Broadcast software, which is very convenient. Moreover, this effect does not require any additional equipment for the user, just an ordinary camera.
03NVIDIA NVENC encoder
Coding setting
In addition, there will be two coding forms in the push stream setting, namely, soft solution x264 and NVIDIA hardware decoding NVENC. For users who have had live broadcast experience, it is known that the CPU will be occupied very much in the live broadcast process, and the performance may even reach 100% load. Let’s take a look at how the two encodings affect the CPU utilization.
X264 coding
First of all, we test the soft solution of x264 coding. The scene chooses Kabuki, the most popular block in Cyberpunk 2077, and uses x264 coding in the same scene. The CPU occupancy rate is 12.3%.
NVENC coding
Using hardware decoding NVENC coding in the same scene, the CPU occupancy rate is 3.3%, and the difference between the two decoding methods is 9%. The CPU used by the author is i7-9700KF, which belongs to the last generation of high-end products. In fact, for live streaming, streaming is more stressful for CPU, but game anchors usually don’t involve streaming, but NVENC decoding can still greatly reduce the burden on CPU.
Tensorcore third-generation 04Tensor Core
Sparse deep learning
In NVIDIA Ampere architecture, besides ray tracing, Tensor Core has also been greatly strengthened. In the third generation Tensor Core, NVIDIA introduced sparse acceleration, which can automatically identify and eliminate unimportant DNN (Deep Neural Network) weights, while still maintaining good accuracy.
Firstly, the original dense matrix will be trained to delete the sparse matrix, and then the sparse matrix will be trained to realize sparse optimization, thus improving the performance of Tensor Core.
The processing capacity of the third generation Tensor Core has been greatly improved.
In NVIDIA Broadcast software, according to NVIDIA official statement, the application of the third generation Tensor Core can reduce the performance expenditure by half. For anchors, less performance occupation means higher game frames and picture effects in live broadcast.
It is not difficult to find that NVIDIA Broadcast software is of great help to the increasingly popular live broadcast market. It has powerful functions and is easy to use, and it is constantly updated and improved. In live broadcast or conference, the background is no longer a problem at any time and place. As long as you have this software, your room can become a professional live broadcast room anytime and anywhere.
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Xiaobao evaluation ｜ Pay attention to these points and let you know how to buy ham in minutes.

The flavor of the New Year is strong and the ham is fragrant. Ham is a common delicacy on the New Year’s dinner table. In the first part, we introduced the differences of seven different kinds of ham with experimental data. In this part, we will continue to introduce how to buy, eat and store ham products for you who love ham.

Tips for shopping: look at the package, look at the skin, look at the meat, and smell.

Look at the packaging

Observe the varieties of ham marked on the package, such as Jinhua ham and Xuanwei ham; Choose ham for cooking or raw food as needed; Product packaging should be sealed without damage. It is recommended to choose products with independent small packages.

Look at the epidermis

High-quality ham has a dry skin and a hard cortex. Avoid buying hams with soft cortex, mildew, insects or mucus on the skin.

Look at the meat

High-quality hams are compact and elastic, with deep red section and bright and uniform color. Avoid buying hams with soft meat, uneven color in section and grayish brown or black.

Smell

High-quality ham products should not smell rancid, and if they have obvious odor, they may be inferior products.

The storage method of ham is determined by its "water activity"

Water activity is of great significance to food preservation. Usually, foods with high water activity need to be stored in cold storage, while foods with low water activity only need to be stored at room temperature in the dark.

In the long process of ham processing, water loss and water activity decreased. We tested the water activity of seven kinds of ham samples, and the results showed that: western ham samples > Chinese raw food samples > Chinese non-raw food samples. The reason is that the salt content is different. Chinese ham has higher salt content, which leads to lower water activity.

According to the data, except for two western-style hams with high water activity, they need to be stored in cold storage, and the other five hams only need to be stored at room temperature and away from light. We checked the nominal preservation method of the packaging bag, and it was consistent with the recommended preservation method of the test.

Different hams have different "correct opening methods"

In traditional Chinese cuisine, except Xuanwei ham and Nuodeng ham, ham is often used as a supporting role to improve the flavor of cuisine. In western countries, ham is mostly eaten raw, usually with wine or cheese, and is often used as a "starter" in western food.

Chinese ham is generally divided into five parts: top, Chinese side, fire hoof, fire claw and dripping oil. Above, it is the best part of meat quality, such as honey fire recipe; On the Chinese side, it can usually be shredded and paired with tendon sea cucumber to become a high-grade ham dish in traditional banquets; Fire hoofs, fire claws and dripping oil can be used for cooking or stewing soup.

We invited Jiang Yi, the vice-chairman of the French Association of Chefs in China, and the founder and president of TASCOVERY College of Cuisine, to contribute his recommended recipes for Chinese and western ham, so we don’t have to worry about not eating it when we meet ham.

Chinese style: jade white jade clip

Jade and white jade clip is a steamed dish with bright red, white and blue colors. The freshness of ham, the strange fragrance of lettuce and the sweetness of wax gourd blend with each other.

Ingredients: 100g of Jinhua ham, 300g of lettuce and 300g of wax gourd meat.

Accessories: 50 grams of ginger slices and 30 grams of onion segments.

Seasoning: 20 ml onion ginger cooking wine.

Practice:

1. Cut the top of ham, lettuce and wax gourd into pieces with a thickness of 0.2 cm, a width of 4 cm and a length of 8 cm;

2. Put them into the plate in turn, pour the onion and ginger cooking wine, and evenly spread the onion and ginger slices;

3. Put it in a steamer, steam it for 20 minutes after SAIC, remove the onion and ginger slices, and serve.

Western style: broccoli parma ham salad with citrus vinegar sauce.

It is a nutritious and delicious salad with Parma ham slices, smoked ham slices, broccoli, cherry tomatoes and arugula as the main raw materials, supplemented by self-made vinegar sauce.

Ingredients: Parma ham slices 60g, smoked ham slices 60g, broccoli 30g, cherry tomato 30g, arugula 15g.

Seasoning: 3g of salt, 10ml of honey, 30ml of virgin olive oil and 30ml of citrus juice.

Practice:

1. Heat the oil in the pot, add cherry tomatoes, and take them out of the pot for later use when the skins of the tomatoes are wrinkled;

2. Cut the large vegetables into small pieces, fold the ham slices appropriately, and then mix all the raw materials, as shown in the figure.

3. Making sauce: pour all seasonings into the jar and shake well until they are completely blended for use;

4. Pour the sauce into the dish and serve.

Nursing care from childhood to old has its own emphasis.

Editor’s Note: Breast can be said to be the sexiest part of a woman, which is not only related to the beauty of women, but also related to women’s health. Many women begin to pay attention to breasts after sexual maturity. In fact, they should pay attention to breast health as early as women are born.
Infant precocity prevention
When the baby is born, some parents may find that the child’s breasts are bulging and seem to be developing. In fact, the breast development of infants can be divided into pseudomammary development and true mammary development, the latter is a kind of precocious puberty.
Pseudomammary development is not uncommon in clinic, and it is a normal physiological phenomenon. Generally speaking, in the sixth week of the child’s womb, the breast has already begun to develop, and the development after puberty is actually a benign hyperplasia of the breast. Before the child is born, the maternal estrogen can enter the blood circulation of the fetus through the placenta, but the decrease of estrogen after birth will lead to the secretion of prolactin by the pituitary gland of the newborn, which will stimulate the enlargement of the mammary gland and cause the phenomenon of false development, which is also called micro-puberty in medicine. This kind of situation usually appears about a week after birth, and will disappear on its own in about 6 months. Individual infants may be more than 6 months old, showing unilateral or bilateral breast enlargement. Very few people may have nipple discharge, even bloody discharge. This situation is caused by the dilatation of mammary duct. It is unnecessary to deal with it. Just pay attention to observation and care. Do not squeeze the child’s breast to avoid infection, which will affect the child’s future mammary development and even lead to developmental malformation.
Another situation is true sexual development, also called central precocious puberty. This precocious puberty is often accompanied by other symptoms, such as secondary sexual characteristics and accelerated growth, including advanced bone age and enlarged gonads. However, the probability of this happening is very low, about 2/1000, so parents should not worry too much. Generally speaking, before the child is 8 years old, there is a lump or pain in the slightly prominent breast area, or when the breast size is more obvious than other girls of the same age, it is necessary to go to the pediatric endocrinology department for investigation. ▲
Adolescent retardation prevention
Most girls start puberty at the age of 8 to 13, and some may be slightly delayed. In adolescence, the development of mammary gland includes nipple, areola color, breast size, etc., which are a gradually changing process. If you are over 13 years old and these changes have not occurred, you should pay attention to it, and there may be a problem of stunting.
There are many reasons for stunting. Some children develop late, or some chronic diseases lead to delayed development. There are also some girls who have been exposed to radiation or have undergone chemotherapy because of illness, and they will also have developmental retardation. In addition, people with gonadal disorders, as well as people with particularly strong exercise intensity, such as athletes, may also be stunted. If the child is stunted, he needs to go to the hospital to find a professional doctor to find out the reason. In some cases, he only needs to observe and do not need to deal with it, while in others, he needs clinical intervention.
Prevent stunting and pay more attention to it in your life. Generally speaking, girls may have breast pain and itching during breast development. At this time, do not squeeze or scratch to prevent infection. In addition, we should pay attention to the nutritional balance during the development period. Breast development needs protein, and we should pay attention to the intake of high-quality protein in diet. Don’t blindly lose weight, diet and partial eclipse, otherwise it will affect the nutritional intake of breasts, thus affecting development. In addition, parents should observe the child’s development, don’t corset, don’t wear a corset too early, and consider wearing a corset after the breast development is basically finalized, and adjust the size of the corset in time according to the child’s breast development, not too tight. ▲
Prevention of hyperplasia after sexual maturity
Many women will have mammary gland hyperplasia after sexual maturity. In fact, most hyperplasia is a normal physiological phenomenon, which is mainly caused by the periodic changes of hormones in the body. If the menstrual cycle is over, it is accompanied by obvious pain, or the pain does not have the characteristics of physiological cycle, and the breast can touch the lump, it should be checked in time to rule out pathological reasons. In addition, some mammary gland hyperplasia will also have nipple discharge. If it is purulent or bloody discharge, we should pay attention to it and seek medical attention in time. For hyperplasia of mammary glands, in addition to regular physical examination and observation, daily prevention is the main way.
On weekdays, we should live regularly, avoid staying up late, do a good job in emotional management, and maintain a happy mood. Negative emotions such as depression and tension will aggravate breast hyperplasia. We should also exercise properly, eat reasonably, avoid a high-fat and high-sugar diet and ensure a balanced nutrition. ▲
Anti-extrusion during pregnancy
During pregnancy, there will be some changes in women’s breasts, such as enlarged nipples, darker areola, larger range, white punctate protrusions and secretion of oil, which are normal physiological changes for breastfeeding. However, if there is nipple bleeding, breast lumps and other phenomena, you should seek medical advice in time.
Choose comfortable and supportive underwear during pregnancy, which can relieve breast heaving and pain and prevent breast sagging. During pregnancy, women’s breasts will become bigger, so it is necessary to adjust the bra according to the size of the breasts in time to avoid squeezing the breasts, and pay attention to protecting the breasts in life to avoid trauma caused by bumps. If the breast is squeezed or injured, it will affect the patency of the mammary duct, affect breastfeeding, and even have problems such as inflammation. In the process of pregnancy, we should pay attention to nipple cleaning, because there will be some secretions on the nipple during pregnancy, and even scab on the nipple. Frequent cleaning can prevent infection. Generally speaking, it can be washed with water, and you should not dig with your hands. ▲
Anti-tumor for middle-aged and elderly people
After middle age, breast tumor is the most common problem that people face. At present, the incidence of breast cancer ranks first among female malignant tumors in China. The incidence rate of breast cancer in China is higher than that in western countries, and the high incidence age is 45~55 years old. The incidence of breast cancer among young women under the age of 35 is also slightly higher than that in western countries, and the onset age is relatively high in general. However, the stage of the first diagnosis is generally late. In western countries, the incidence of breast cancer accounts for more than 50%, while in China, once found, it is mostly in the middle and late stages. At present, the incidence of breast cancer is related to high-fat diet, drinking, late marriage and late childbirth, less breastfeeding, heavy pressure in life and work, lack of exercise and genetic factors, so it is very important to take precautions in life.
Regular physical examination. It is recommended that women do a self-examination once a month. On the 7th to 11th day after menstrual cramps, they should touch the breast and its surroundings with their hands to see if there is any lump or discharge. Once the problem is found, they should seek medical advice in time. Breast self-examination can help to find breast cancer early. Breast ultrasound, mammography and magnetic resonance imaging are important methods for breast cancer screening. It is suggested that women aged 20-40 should go to the hospital for physical examination once every 1-3 years, and insist on annual physical examination over 40 years old. People with a family history of heredity should be checked every year from the age of 25 to 30.
Eat a reasonable diet and eat less high-fat food. You can eat more foods that are good for the breast, such as soy products, and foods with high cellulose, such as whole grains, vegetables and fruits. It is necessary to control the intake of fat, because body fat will be converted into estrogen, and the increase of estrogen level will easily lead to breast diseases.
Reduce alcohol intake. Drinking alcohol, no matter how much or how little, is a high risk factor for breast cancer.
Strengthen exercise and control weight. It is best to insist on half an hour’s exercise every day. Moderate exercise and weight control can not only prevent breast cancer, but also help patients with breast cancer to recover and reduce recurrence. ▲
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Online celebrity’s ＂Big Big Wolf’s Sheep＂ Forwarding Association stated that domestic violence and derailment are all hype after being deceived

　　Recently, the video blogger "Sheep of Big Wolf" in Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, which has 8 million fans, posted a video on the Internet, saying that he was married and had children at the age of 19, and then he was abused by his husband and his account was taken away, resulting in depression. This incident caused widespread concern.

On January 11th, "Sheep of Big Wolf" forwarded a "Description of the Situation" signed by Bazhou Media Association in its Weibo account.

　　On January 11th, "Sheep of Big Big Wolf" forwarded a "description" signed by Bazhou Media Association on its Weibo account, which stated that the real name of the anchor of "Sheep of Big Big Wolf" was Ran Hui. Since November 2021, this account has been filmed and operated by himself. After its video content became popular on the Internet, many media companies and online brokers contacted and asked to operate on its behalf. Individual media companies, broadcasters and brokers take advantage of Ran Hui’s ignorance of network operation in order to create heat by rubbing traffic. Without clear authorization, they cheat the trust in the name of promotion, agency operation and broker, and make malicious speculation on accounts without authorization.

　　The "Description of the Situation" also said that "domestic violence between husband and wife", "Big Wolf’s sheep", "cheating broker", "high price claim" and "pursuing love thousands of miles away" circulated on the Internet are all hype, and the hype content exaggerates the facts, fictionalizes the plot and is vulgar, causing harm to the image and family of the parties, causing bad guidance and bad influence on the network. At present, the parties have applied for judicial procedures to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests through legal means.

　　According to the website of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region government, on March 24th, 2021, the inaugural meeting and the first general meeting of Bazhou Media Association were held in Korla Media Center. The meeting read out the Convention on Self-discipline of Bazhou Media Industry, adopted the Articles of Association of Bazhou Media Association and the Convention on Self-discipline of Bazhou Media Industry, and elected the first president, vice president, secretary-general and supervisor of Bazhou Media Association. Tian Rui was elected as the president of the association. Xu Shenggui, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of Bazhou Party Committee, attended the inaugural meeting and delivered a speech.

　　On January 11th, a staff member of Bazhou Media Association told The Paper that the document was true and was an internal document, mainly to warn local media that the account of "Sheep of Big Wolf" was operated by Ran Hui himself, and the parties concerned had applied for judicial procedures to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests through legal means. They don’t know anything else.

　　The Paper privately wrote "Big Big Wolf’s Sheep" through Weibo, Tik Tok and other channels, but the other party did not reply before the press release.

　　The Paper previously reported that on January 30, 2022, Ran Hui sent a video claiming that she was engaged at the age of 18. At the age of 19, she came to Xinjiang from Shandong to raise sheep with her husband who was one year younger than her. However, after becoming popular, the husband’s family hoped that he could help bring goods to make money. Her husband took the children away and rejected his account, making rumors that he abandoned his family. Previously, "Big Big Wolf’s Sheep" became popular because it slaughtered a sheep in eight minutes, and many netizens teased her as "a girl with a goat".

　　Once the video was issued, it attracted the attention of netizens. Many people expressed sympathy for his experience, while others questioned that it might be hype. On January 3, a staff member of the Yuli County Women’s Federation in Xinjiang said that the relevant departments have paid attention to this matter and are learning about it. If necessary, they will give legal help.

　　Ran Hui’s husband, Wang Zhiao, responded by sending a video on January 3, saying that he had not committed domestic violence, had called the police and was cooperating with the investigation.

　　In the video, he said that he and Ran Hui were classmates in junior high school, and they confirmed their love relationship in junior high school. Later, they got married with the consent of both parents, and they had a daughter. It was a quarrel between normal husband and wife with Ran Hui. "On the contrary, she often hurts me when quarreling. This neighbor can testify and friends can testify."

　　Regarding the other party’s claim that he took away the account, Wang Zhiao said that the account was originally his own, and it was used to sell his own mutton at first, and cooperated with Ran Hui, and one appeared and one shot was taken. "Ran Hui is only known by the majority of netizens as a photographer. It is not an account that everyone thinks Ran Hui made himself."

　　On January 9th, "Big Big Wolf’s Sheep" was broadcast again, saying that it had moved away from home and denied the cheating agent. "I don’t have an agent. I’ve never signed an agent."

Celery fine case draws attention to how to make administrative punishment equal to excessive punishment.

Cctv news(Reporter/Kan Chunyu Editing/Dou Ruihua) Recently, the news that Yulin merchants were fined 66,000 yuan for selling 5 kilograms of celery caused widespread concern.

A fine of 3,300 times the sales income was imposed for an index exceeding the standard in celery. Apart from the specific discussion on whether it is a law enforcement issue or a legislative issue, whether the Food Safety Law or the Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Law should be applied, and which one should be applied, ordinary netizens to experts and scholars are calling for a simple thinking of the rule of law.

Yao Haifang, an associate professor at the Law School of Renmin University of China, said in an interview with a CCTV reporter: "A very small sales amount was finally fined heavily, and everyone will feel that there is a disproportion between the two, especially now that everyone is worried that some local departments may take the penalty as escrow and increase their fiscal revenue through fines in disguise, so they will pay close attention to this incident."

Yao Haifang believes: "What should be paid more attention to in this matter is who is producing pesticides that are not allowed to be used, who uses pesticides that are not allowed to be used in food, and whether the units that produce pesticides should also bear corresponding responsibilities." Whether it is the food safety law or other administrative law enforcement processes, the correct approach should be to start systematic linkage management from the source, rather than just grasping the end. If there are problems with small vendors in the sales system, they will be severely punished.

The State Council inspection team looked up the administrative punishment ledger of Yulin Municipal Market Supervision Bureau and found that since 2021, the bureau has imposed a fine of more than 50,000 yuan on the main body of small and micro markets in 21 food safety cases, with the case value ranging from several tens to several hundred yuan. The amount of the fine is 100 to 200 times of the illegal income, and some cases exceed 3,000 times.

The members of the inspection team raised such a question at the scene: "A case value of tens of dollars, fined him tens of thousands of dollars, is the penalty quite disproportionate?"

How to achieve a fair penalty is a long-term problem explored by administrators from legislation to law enforcement. As an expert in the field of economic law, Yao Haifang expounded his thinking.

CCTV reporter: How should the amount of administrative fines be determined? Is there a clear standard?

Yao Haifang:Everyone is concerned about the determination of the amount of administrative punishment. Our legal rules are amplitude-based in terms of the amount. For example, a fine of more than 10,000 yuan and less than 50,000 yuan may be imposed, and a corresponding fine may also be imposed. For example, the Anti-Monopoly Law stipulates that the sales of the previous year should be 1%— 5% fine, which is a concrete form of expression.

On the other hand, in fact, the whole legal system has a basic principle for punishment of illegal acts — — Our punishment should not only punish the illegal behavior, but also prevent the illegal behavior from happening again. These two purposes are parallel. Based on these two purposes, a reasonable punishment standard needs to consider the following factors.

First of all, the severity of this kind of punishment should be related to the subjective state of the offender. Did he intentionally violate the law or negligently lead to negligence?

Second, punishment is related to the social harm caused by illegal acts. Although some acts are illegal, but the harm they cause has not actually occurred, or the impact is not great, then the punishment may be lighter. If the illegal act has caused very serious damage, the punishment will be heavier accordingly.

Third, punishment is related to illegal circumstances. Some illegal acts take very bad measures, deliberately evade the law, or commit repeated crimes, and continue to violate the law after verbal warnings and warnings from relevant departments, so this punishment must be more severe.

So a punishment decision is actually related to many factors. The law stipulates that a fine of more than 10,000 yuan and less than 50,000 yuan should be imposed. Whether to impose a fine of 10,000 yuan or 50,000 yuan should be supported by specific circumstances and needs to be judged by law enforcement personnel.

CCTV reporter: How can the administrative punishment be over-punished?

Yao Haifang：First, the punishment for illegal acts is not only a form of fine, but also a form of revocation of business license, prohibition of business activities, and even more serious, there is the crime of producing and selling fake and shoddy goods in the criminal law. These administrative penalties and criminal penalties should be applied respectively according to the different nature, circumstances and consequences of the parties’ actions, so we say that fines are only one of the means.

Secondly, in order to clarify the basis of punishment, the previous laws set the lower limit and the upper limit of the fine amount when formulating the law. This relatively fixed standard fine method has the advantage of being relatively clear, helping the parties to understand the extent of his punishment and helping law enforcement departments to quickly determine the specific fine amount. However, when it is applied specifically, it may lead to accidental injury due to its lack of flexibility or flexibility.

The individual vendor’s sales amount is not high, even if he is fined at the starting point, the damage actually caused does not match his affordability.

In this case, we can adopt some relatively flexible law enforcement methods. For example, if an individual trader violates the law, but he didn’t intentionally or actually cause great damage, it can be considered whether to directly investigate and deal with it together, or to give corresponding warnings or take other measures.

How to control administrative law enforcement within a reasonable limit should not only punish illegal acts according to law, but also not cause excessive burden to citizens’ freedom of movement and property safety. The field of administrative law has paid great attention to this matter. We also see that the State Council’s supervision is to prevent the emergence of some unsatisfactory means, such as escrow with fines and increasing fiscal revenue with fines.

CCTV reporter: How to prevent improper administrative punishment?

Yao Haifang:When designing the law, we will also worry that some law enforcement officers may abuse their power. For example, it was a relatively minor illegal act, and he deliberately gave a very severe punishment, or it was a relatively serious illegal act, but because of human relations, the final punishment was relatively light, which made the illegal act not get the punishment it deserved. In fact, there must be a legal supervision system, including publicizing the corresponding punishment results to the society and accepting the supervision of the public, the media and the legal supervision department.

How to avoid or correct the deviation in law enforcement, there are such considerations in the system design. In our government and courts, there are corresponding institutional arrangements to restrict administrative personnel and prevent abuse of power.

We can carry out administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation on this punishment. Administrative reconsideration is to check whether the punishment result is reasonable and legal by other administrative department personnel different from the law enforcement personnel. Administrative litigation is to judge whether the government’s administrative actions are reasonable and legal through the judges of the people’s courts.

On July 30th, the State Council issued the Decision on Cancelling and Adjusting a Batch of Fines, which cancelled 29 fines set by administrative regulations and departmental rules in the fields of public security, transportation and market supervision. On August 17th, the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Standardizing the Establishment and Management of Administrative Discretion Benchmarks, proposing that governments at all levels and their departments shouldResolutely avoid arbitrary fines, strictly prohibit the use of fines to generate income, and strictly prohibit the ranking of fines or as indicators of performance appraisal..

Yao Haifang said that the cancellation of some penalties does not mean relaxing the supervision of the market, but to give market operators greater freedom. In this process, we will continue to adhere to the bottom line rules and continuously optimize the business environment.

Ministry of Education： Carry out comprehensive supervision and evaluation of kindergarten schools (parks) in primary and secondary schools at the end of their long term.

According to the website of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education issued the "Opinions on Comprehensive Supervision and Evaluation of Kindergarten Schools (Parks) in Primary and Secondary Schools at the End of Their Long Term".

In order to implement the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council’s "Overall Plan for Deepening the Reform of Education Evaluation in the New Era" and the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council’s "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Education Supervision System and Mechanism in the New Era", deepen the reform of kindergarten evaluation in primary and secondary schools, guide and urge the majority of school (kindergarten) directors to perform their duties conscientiously, and promote the high-quality development of basic education, we hereby put forward the following opinions on carrying out the comprehensive supervision and evaluation work at the end of the long term of primary and secondary schools (kindergartens).

I. General requirements

(A) the guiding ideology

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, fully implement the Party’s educational policy, firmly grasp the direction of running a socialist school, implement the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue, follow the laws of education and teaching, strengthen the responsibility and mission of the school (kindergarten), stimulate the vitality of running a school, strive to improve the management level of primary and secondary kindergartens, promote the practical standardization of school-running behavior, continuously improve the quality of educating people and the level of running a school, and strive to let every child enjoy a fair and quality education.

(2) Basic principles

1. Adhere to the correct orientation. Give play to the baton function of supervision and evaluation, guide the principals of primary and secondary schools and kindergarten directors to improve their political positions, establish a scientific view of education, performance and talent, implement the "five educations" simultaneously, and promote the all-round development of students’ morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. Adhere to the developmental evaluation, not only to evaluate the performance of career development at the end of the term, but also to assess the degree of progress and the behavior of the school (kindergarten) director during the term, and guide and urge the school (kindergarten) director to focus on solving the outstanding problems faced in the development of primary and secondary schools and kindergartens.

2. Strengthen overall coordination. Implement the provisions of the relevant documents of the Central Organization Department and the Ministry of Education on the responsibilities of kindergarten principals in primary and secondary schools, and comprehensively inspect the performance of school principals and the school’s standardized running. Strengthen the coordination and convergence of supervision and evaluation, quality monitoring, supervision and listing of responsible inspectors, patrol inspection, economic responsibility audit and other work related to basic education, and make overall use of relevant data and information to avoid increasing the burden on the grassroots.

3. Reflect local conditions. It not only strengthens the unified requirements for school (park) directors to perform their duties, but also fully considers the differences between regions and schools, and does not make a one-size-fits-all approach. According to the characteristics of different sizes and types of primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, the evaluation indicators should be formulated reasonably to mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of the majority of school (kindergarten) directors and stimulate the vitality of schools (kindergartens).

4. Innovative ways and means. Take the combination of online and offline, unannounced visits, qualitative and quantitative methods to objectively and comprehensively understand the development of the school and the performance of the school (park) director. Pay attention to the use of information technology, optimize the workflow, standardize the implementation links, enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of supervision and evaluation, strengthen the seriousness and authority of supervision and evaluation, and ensure the supervision effect.

Second, the supervision and evaluation object and focus

(a) supervision and evaluation object

At the end of the long term, the comprehensive supervision and evaluation object of primary and secondary kindergarten schools (parks) is the primary and secondary kindergarten schools (parks) with independent legal personality (including private and Chinese-foreign cooperatively-run schools), excluding special education schools for the time being. Among them, compulsory education schools include primary schools, junior high schools and nine-year compulsory schools, while ordinary high schools include senior middle schools, complete middle schools, twelve-year compulsory schools and Chinese-foreign cooperatively-run schools.

(B) the focus of supervision and evaluation

The comprehensive supervision and evaluation of kindergarten schools (parks) in primary and secondary schools should reflect the characteristics of different classes and enhance pertinence. The comprehensive supervision and evaluation of kindergarten directors should focus on guiding and urging the majority of kindergarten directors to follow the law of children’s physical and mental development, run the park according to the law, promote the safe and high-quality development of kindergartens, and meet the people’s good expectations for children. The comprehensive supervision and evaluation of the principals of compulsory education schools should focus on guiding and urging the principals of compulsory education schools to establish a scientific concept of education quality, implement the concept of all-round development, persist in facing all, teach every student well, lay the foundation for students’ lifelong development, and run every school at the doorstep of ordinary people well. The comprehensive supervision and evaluation of the principals of ordinary high schools should guide the principals to promote the high-quality development of ordinary high school education, focus on creating characteristics, effectively improve the level of education, and lay a good foundation for students to adapt to social life, receive higher education and future career development.

The contents of supervision and evaluation mainly include the following seven aspects:

1. Party building. It mainly includes the implementation of "one post and two responsibilities", the construction of grass-roots party organizations, the ideological and political work of teachers and students, the construction of a league led by party building, the promotion of party building and business integration, the building of a clean and honest party style, and the prevention and control of ideological risks.

2. Lide Shuren. It mainly includes the implementation of the "five educations", the establishment and improvement of the internal guarantee system of school education quality, the implementation of national curriculum plans and standards, teaching and research, reducing the workload of homework, after-school services, school-based curriculum construction, students’ physical and mental health, student evaluation, and care for the children who move in and stay behind.

3. School governance. It mainly includes promoting the management of schools according to law, improving the school’s articles of association and internal management system, formulating school development plans, implementing democratic centralism, "three majors and one big" decision-making system, faculty congress system, trade union system and parent committee system, and strengthening financial management, logistics management, home-school co-education, campus culture construction and school affairs publicity.

4. Teachers’ work. It mainly includes the construction of teachers’ morality and style, teachers’ certificates, teachers’ configuration, teachers’ professional development, teachers’ professional title evaluation and employment, teachers’ assessment and evaluation, teachers’ training, the work of class teachers, the work of young pioneers counselors, teachers’ physical and mental health, and the relationship between teachers and students.

5. Standardize running schools. It mainly includes the implementation of the "five management", the standardization of enrollment, the standardization of fees, the management of student status, the cooperation in running schools, the control of dropping out of school, and the school spirit, teaching style and study style.

6. Safety and health. It mainly includes the establishment and improvement of safety risk prevention and control system, the implementation of safety responsibility system, the provision of safety facilities and equipment, the examination of security qualification, the development of safety education, the prevention and control of school bullying, the safety of laboratories and dangerous chemicals, the safety of food and drinking water, the hygiene standards, the cultivation of students’ healthy behaviors and lifestyles, and the handling of campus safety incidents.

7. Satisfaction. It mainly includes the evaluation and satisfaction of students, teachers, parents, communities and other related parties to the school.

Third, organize the implementation

(A) clear responsibilities at all levels

1 the State Council Education Steering Committee is responsible for overall guidance. According to the relevant national laws and regulations and the standards for running kindergartens in primary and secondary schools, the key points of comprehensive supervision and evaluation at the end of the long term of primary and secondary schools (parks) are determined. Organize spot checks on the work carried out throughout the country every year to monitor the overall situation of the country and issue monitoring reports in an appropriate manner.

2 provincial education supervision department is responsible for the development of local supervision and evaluation implementation plan. The implementation plan should clarify the index system, work schedule and organization and implementation methods of supervision and evaluation. The index system should implement the key points of supervision and evaluation determined by this opinion, conform to the local actual situation and consider the differences between schools. Monitor the overall situation in the province every year and organize spot checks. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) can determine the proportion or quantity of spot checks according to the actual situation.

3. The municipal education supervision department is responsible for implementing the provincial comprehensive supervision and evaluation implementation plan, guiding the county to carry out the comprehensive supervision and evaluation work at the end of the long term of primary and secondary school kindergartens (parks), and directly supervising and evaluating the kindergartens (parks) of schools directly under the city to monitor the overall situation of the city.

4 county education supervision department is responsible for the specific organization and implementation of the comprehensive supervision and evaluation of primary and secondary schools (parks) within the jurisdiction of the long term. According to local conditions, formulate specific work plans, establish and improve working mechanisms, implement conditions, standardize organization and implementation, and ensure effective results.

(2) Standardize the implementation procedures.

1. Determine the arrangement. All localities should carry out in-depth and meticulous research, establish a database on the long tenure of primary and secondary kindergarten schools (parks), and dynamically grasp the long tenure of schools (parks). Before the end of each year, the term of office expires, and the list of school (park) directors who accept comprehensive supervision in the next year is determined. According to the list, reasonably determine the annual comprehensive supervision work arrangement.

2. Give notice. At the beginning of each year, the education supervision department responsible for the specific organization and implementation will formally notify the school of the long list of schools (parks) that accept comprehensive supervision this year. The relevant schools should make corresponding preparations in advance.

3. Implement the evaluation. Set up a supervision and evaluation group composed of inspectors, education administrative cadres and relevant experts, and carry out supervision and evaluation of entering schools according to the evaluation indicators to form a comprehensive supervision and evaluation report.

4. Feedback. The education supervision department gives feedback to the evaluated school (kindergarten) director or successor and the school (kindergarten) where it is located, and puts forward rectification requirements to the school (kindergarten) and successor focusing on the existing problems.

(3) Actively and steadily piloting.

The State Council Education Steering Committee Office comprehensively considered the geographical distribution, career development level and work basis, and determined that some provinces took the lead in carrying out the pilot work of comprehensive supervision and evaluation for the end of the long term of primary and secondary kindergarten schools (parks), summed up experience, and explored the path in an all-round way. The pilot work is scheduled to start in 2022. On the basis of the pilot, we will push it out in time and gradually implement it nationwide.

(4) Strict work requirements

1. Full coverage of the appraisal object. In principle, the comprehensive supervision and evaluation of the end of the term of office of primary and secondary kindergarten schools (parks) takes 5 years as a cycle, covering all the school (parks) whose term of office ends in the cycle. When the school (park) director leaves his post and the school (kindergarten) has a major accident, he should accept comprehensive supervision and evaluation in that year.

2. The appraisal conclusion is objective and fair. Comprehensive supervision and evaluation should be based on the reality of the school (kindergarten), implemented in strict accordance with the prescribed procedures, pay attention to multi-faceted understanding of the situation, and listen to the opinions of teachers and students. Relevant conclusions and opinions should be supported by facts or data to avoid subjective assumptions.

3. Strict discipline requirements. Comprehensive supervision and evaluation of primary and secondary kindergarten schools (parks) at the end of their long term should strictly abide by the requirements of party style and clean government, and should not use supervision and evaluation to seek any personal interests, and favoritism and malpractice are strictly prohibited. We should respect the grassroots, avoid interfering with the order of school education and teaching, avoid formalism and pay attention to practical results.

(5) Make good use of the results of supervision and evaluation.

Party committees, governments and education authorities at or above the county level should make a comprehensive supervision and evaluation report on the end of the long term of primary and secondary kindergarten schools (parks) as an important basis for the diagnosis of running schools, major decisions and the assessment of school (parks) leaders. The relevant departments should take the comprehensive supervision and evaluation results as an important reference and basis for the school (park) director to commend and reward, select and appoint. The school (park) director with outstanding problems and ineffective rectification should be seriously accountable in accordance with the "Measures for Accountability of Education Supervision". Education supervision departments at all levels should disclose the comprehensive supervision and evaluation report of primary and secondary kindergarten schools (parks) at the end of their long term in an appropriate way, and take the initiative to accept social supervision.

Tianjin area Mercedes-Benz GLE coupe AMG price reduction information! 145,000, hurry up

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The Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe AMG attracts the eye with its elegant and dynamic side design. The body size is 4944mm x 2018mm x 1716mm, and the wheelbase reaches 2935mm. The compact and powerful body proportions show the perfect combination of luxury and power. The side lines are smooth and elegantly blend the elements of sports and luxury, highlighting the unique design aesthetic of AMG. The front and rear tire specifications are 275/45 R21 and 315/40 R21 respectively. The choice of tires not only guarantees the driving performance, but also the exquisite presentation of details. It complements the style of the rims, highlighting the unique taste of AMG owners.

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The interior of the Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe AMG is known for its luxury and sporty style. The cockpit is wrapped in exquisite leather, which is of high texture, combined with the embellishment of carbon fiber/flip fur material to create a unique driving atmosphere. The steering wheel is made of genuine leather, which not only feels comfortable to hold, but also is equipped with electric up and down + front and rear adjustment functions to ensure the best control experience for the driver. The 12.3-inch large screen on the center console is clear and full of technology. It integrates multiple functions such as multimedia system, navigation, phone and air conditioning. It supports automatic speech recognition control, which is convenient and efficient to operate.

In terms of seats, the Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupe AMG is designed with comfort and functionality as the core, using high-quality leather materials, providing front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, high and low adjustment, as well as leg rest and waist support functions to ensure the comfort of long-distance driving. Both the driver’s seat and the passenger’s seat are equipped with electric seat memory function to meet the needs of different drivers. The rear seats support proportional reclining, which further enhances the spatial flexibility. Overall, the interior design fully reflects the pursuit of detail and practicality of Mercedes-Benz AMG models.

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Five new dramas from Huang Xuan and Zhang Jiayi were broadcast, and Zhang Ziyi’s new drama was renamed several times, and the audience’s appetite changed.

Minning Town, a TV series starring Huang Xuan and Zhang Jiayi, exposed a new preview and announced that it would be scheduled for January 12th. In the preview, the yellow sand is all over the sky, and the characters are gradually displayed to the audience with the mottled lens. On the other hand, another drama, Shang Yang Fu, also exposed a group of latest films on the same day.

Different from the yellow sand in the previous film, the picture of this drama is exquisite and magnificent, and no role glides in front of the audience. Only Zhang Ziyi is a single person, showing her life from girlhood to the peak of maturity.

They are all dramas that exposed a group of trailer flowers on the same day, and they are all joined by a bunch of powerful actors, but the treatment gap between them is quite large. Minning Town will be broadcast by Zhejiang Satellite TV, Beijing Satellite TV, Oriental Satellite TV, Southeast Satellite TV and Ningxia Satellite TV in prime time, followed by Tencent, Youku and iQiyi websites. This kind of battle can be said to be unprecedented.

But what about Shang Yang Fu? Today, the audience got the preview of the play for the first time. Before, there was no poster photo of the role; No flowers; No special; No visiting classes; There is no outflow of materials that can make the audience get this information. Even though the preview was exposed today, we still don’t know when it will be broadcast. Moreover, this drama has been renamed many times, from "The Emperor’s Business" to "Old Friends in Jiangshan" and now to "Shangyang Fu". It’s just that the original book powder feels uncomfortable, which makes many viewers who are looking forward to this drama confused and confused. How did it change its name again? Which drama is this chasing?

The reason for this difference is not unilateral factors, but changes in both supply and demand.

First of all, from the supply side. The first point is the proliferation of female drama. The phrase "scarcity is precious" is applicable everywhere. However, the heroine’s drama is not a precious thing in today’s film and television drama industry, and even if it is shown every day, TV stations can’t finish broadcasting these dramas. No matter Xiaohua or Tsing Yi, they can’t avoid the custom of making a big female drama. Almost everyone once had such a similar work. The quantity is so large, but the quality is not necessarily high, so it is difficult to have any new ideas. Moreover, the heroine’s play is about a woman’s life, and she has to be played from a young girl to an old age, which leads to the extremely long episodes of each of them. TV stations buy a TV series according to the episodes, so many episodes will naturally make the cost rise, and TV stations are not stupid. Of course, they will not buy it easily.

Secondly, it’s not that TV stations don’t want to buy expensive female dramas on purpose, but there is indeed the control of costume dramas by relevant departments in the past two years. Every TV station has a limited number of costume dramas broadcast every year, so it is obvious to the naked eye that costume dramas have been broadcast less on TV stations in the past two years.

From the demand side, on the one hand, various film and television production companies have made so many female dramas, and there is nothing new, so the audience is naturally tired of watching them. Therefore, compared with the fictional life of a woman in a castle in the air, everyone prefers to watch the grounded human story. To shoot a drama with a big heroine, the screenwriter only needs to take care of shaping a big heroine. However, no matter how complicated her psychological state of mind is, she can never compare with a well-portrayed group portrait. The audience can also see that shooting the heroine drama is nothing more than a trick for film and television companies to be lazy, because the ability of the whole crew is tested by portraying the group images well.

In the past two years, with the continuous maturity and development of film and television production, the audience’s appetite has gradually become sharp, and the aesthetic level has gradually improved. From frugality to luxury, from luxury to simplicity, the audience will certainly choose a good look. Those who watch the drama know best which one was shot with heart and which one was perfunctory.

On the other hand, most of the audience who like to watch costume dramas are people who like to immerse themselves in the drama of Machiavellian struggle under the ancient historical background. In the early years, such as Yongzheng Dynasty and Daming Dynasty 1566 were all high-end Machiavellian dramas. Even in the past two years, there have been masterpieces like nirvana in fire. Some people who are looking forward to the costume drama just like this sense of Machiavellian, but this group of people will be labeled as "Zhang Ziyi" and "Big Lady" to stop them from wanting to watch the drama. Of course, the TV station knows best what kind of TV series its audience likes. When they stop watching it, the TV station stops buying it.

Although the two dramas have not been aired yet, no one knows what kind of results will be produced, but judging from the current signs, such signs are really unfavorable for Shangyang Fu. As for whether you can turn the tables against the wind, you can ride a donkey and read a songbook-we’ll see. On-Moon Arc

The new Zhiji LS6 is listed： 216,900, the digital chassis of the spirit lizard attracts attention

On September 25th, the new Zhiji LS6, a medium and large SUV under the Zhiji brand, was officially launched. The new car launched a total of 5 configuration models, and the price range of equity is 21.69-27 9,900 yuan. Although it is a small modification, its overall changes are very eye-catching. It mainly replaced the digital chassis of the Lizard, and upgraded the appearance and smart driving. The listing rights and interests end at 24:00 on October 8, 2024. Zhiji LS6 is positioned as a medium and large SUV, but through the pricing strategy of "high and low", it will target the Tesla Model Y, Avita 07, JK 7X, and L60 in the medium-sized SUV market.

As a facelift, the car has been adjusted for details, the headlight style and fog lights on both sides are more minimalist, the front surround has also been redesigned, and the area of the front intake grille under the front face has been reduced, further reducing the visual center. Coming to the side, this shape is closer to the feeling of a coupe SUV, and the tail is appropriately elongated, making it look very fashionable and lively. Inside the car, the center console of the new car continues to be built with a family-style design language, and the entire central control is almost occupied by the screen, creating a technological atmosphere.

The new Zhiji LS6 is equipped with a Qualcomm Snapdragon 8295 car machine chip (24G + 256G memory), and adds CarLink and HiCar mobile phone interconnection. The new car will provide 21 speakers, which also adds 1 external speaker, which can play theme music and pedestrian warnings, etc. The new Zhiji LS6 is equipped with IM AD 3.0, which has an end-to-end large model. IM AD cities have no picture NOA. The national city coverage rate is 100%, and it can be driven with navigation. The new car is equipped with a 121 ° zero-gravity seat for the co-pilot, and has a "concubine chair mode", which can enter the zero-gravity attitude with one click.

In the power part, the new car provides 216kW, 248kW, 250kW and 300kW rear-drive versions and 579kW four-wheel drive versions respectively, with a 0-100km/h acceleration of 3.48 seconds at the fastest. The battery capacity is 75kWh, 83kWh and 100kWh respectively, and the CLTC cruising range is 625, 701 and 802km respectively. The new Zhiji LS6 can impress consumers who pursue cost performance to a certain extent through the strategy of "playing low with high". Through this model, it makes this car more durable and better able to meet the aesthetic needs of different age groups. With today’s price announcement, it is worth looking forward to whether it can become a dark horse in the car market this year.

How to speed up the creation of ＂near zero carbon port＂？

This article is transferred from: China Water Transport News
□ Qingxiang Li Wang Nini Zhu Jianhua
Editor’s note:
Since the establishment of the new think tank alliance for transportation, it has promoted all parties to actively make suggestions and suggestions on the implementation of major strategies such as building a strong transportation country, and played the role of a "think tank" to promote scientific decision-making and improve decision-making level. This issue of "Voice of Traffic Think Tank" continues to select expert opinions, so please pay attention to it.
"Near-zero-carbon port" refers to a port that, in its production and operation activities, adopts measures such as optimizing energy consumption structure, applying energy-saving and low-carbon technologies, improving production process organization, and strengthening energy-saving and emission-reduction management to improve the application ratio and energy utilization efficiency of new and renewable energy, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, and make the direct emission of carbon dioxide in the port gradually approach zero.
Port is one of the important parts of transportation industry. Because the port has the characteristics of relatively centralized and independent regions, involving relatively little public, it is easy to carry out carbon reduction work and achieve results. Therefore, we can establish a "near-zero-carbon port" in the port, try first and break through first, and then promote the work of peak carbon dioxide emissions in the whole industry.
Some ports have tried.
In 2019, the total amount of direct and indirect emissions of carbon dioxide directly used for loading and unloading operations in China’s ports was about 9 million tons. Due to the difference in statistical caliber, the horizontal transportation energy consumption of outsourcing operations in some ports is not counted. Therefore, it is roughly estimated that the carbon dioxide emissions generated by ports directly used for loading and unloading production exceed 10 million tons every year.
In recent years, some domestic ports have made beneficial attempts to build "near-zero-carbon ports" in response to the country’s requirements to cope with climate change and to improve the quality and efficiency of the ports themselves. For example, Jiangyin Port has completed the construction of seven wind power generation systems with a cumulative installed capacity of 16.8MW, meeting 50% of the port’s annual electricity demand; Ningbo Zhoushan Port has promoted the large-scale application of electric intelligent card collection, and built a 2000kVA electric card collection and exchange power station to realize all-weather operation of electric card collection. Qingdao Port has tried to apply the hydrogen energy collection card, and the next step is to promote and apply it as a key technology in the port.
The spontaneous attempts of many domestic ports to create "near-zero-carbon ports" have accumulated some experience for our department to create "near-zero-carbon ports".
Many aspects need to be improved
Although many ports have made great achievements in green and low-carbon construction, there are still some problems.
The layout of some ports is not reasonable, and the utilization rate of coastline is low. Unreasonable port spatial layout leads to low scale, specialization and intensification of port loading, unloading, storage and transportation production, which in turn leads to high energy consumption per throughput and large carbon dioxide emissions; The low utilization ratio of coastline is manifested in shallow use of deep water and backward production technology, which leads to the low cargo throughput of unit production wharf berth coastline, and also increases the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit throughput. At present, many domestic docks have the coexistence of shippers’ docks and public docks, especially on the Yangtze River trunk line, where there are a large number of shippers’ docks with the characteristics of small, scattered and weak, and the functional layout of the docks is not reasonable and the utilization rate of the coastline is low.
The collection and distribution system of some ports is not perfect enough. In most domestic ports, goods are mainly transported by road, which has high energy consumption and serious pollution.
The energy consumption structure of ports is not reasonable enough. In the total annual energy consumption of the port, the direct emission of carbon dioxide from fossil energy in the port area needs to be included in the port emissions; In addition, the carbon dioxide emissions generated by municipal power consumed by ports belong to indirect emissions, which can not be included in the port emissions at present, but according to the calculation method of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), the direct and indirect emissions of carbon dioxide should be included in the total emissions. In the long run, the indirect carbon dioxide emission caused by the consumption of social electricity by ports is unavoidable.
Some ports are backward in loading and unloading production technology and low in energy efficiency. At present, the non-specialized terminals in the port still account for a considerable proportion. In 2019, the national port cargo throughput was 13.95 billion tons, of which 5.34 billion tons were loaded and unloaded by non-specialized terminals. The loading and unloading technology adopted traditional technology and the degree of automation was not high.
Supporting policies, regulations and standards are not perfect. Preferential fiscal and taxation policies to encourage and promote the creation of "near-zero carbon ports" are not in place; The technical standards and specifications supporting the construction of "near-zero-carbon ports" are not sound enough.
Statistical monitoring, assessment and evaluation mechanism has not been effectively established. After years of efforts, the mechanism related to energy conservation and emission reduction has been established, but the corresponding mechanism focusing on "near-zero-carbon ports" is still not perfect.
Take multiple measures and gradually advance.
The construction of "near-zero-carbon port" should adhere to the principle of "overall consideration, combination of distance and distance, systematic planning, comprehensive policy, adaptation to local conditions, combination with reality, innovation drive and policy escort", and actively promote the construction of port carbon reduction infrastructure, optimization of port layout and functional structure, adjustment of collection and distribution methods and energy consumption structure, improvement of energy efficiency of loading and unloading technology and equipment, and innovation of technical system and institutional system on the premise of formulating and improving peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutral strategic path and action plan. The author suggests that we can start from the following aspects.
Top-level design. Under the framework of national and industrial green and low-carbon development action plans and action plans, the Ministry of Transport should study and formulate an action plan to create a "near-zero-carbon port" and incorporate the creation of a "near-zero-carbon port" into the pilot work of a transportation power. It is clear that by 2025, at least 30 near-zero carbon ports will be established nationwide, and by 2030, the number of near-zero carbon ports will reach more than 60; Provincial and municipal transportation (port) departments shall study and formulate local port "double carbon" action plan or "near zero carbon port" creation action plan within the framework of the "double carbon" action plan of the local people’s government.
Promote port enterprises to accelerate the construction of carbon reduction infrastructure. Transportation (port) departments at all levels should take the initiative to communicate with relevant departments at the same level to form a linkage and coordination mechanism to provide guidance and guarantee for the construction of carbon reduction infrastructure such as wind power, photovoltaic, hydrogen energy, ammonia energy, LNG and shore power in ports.
Establish and improve the standard system of port carbon emission reduction, and provide technical support for the creation of "near-zero carbon port". The Ministry of Transport should organize relevant units to formulate industry standards and norms to promote the construction of "near-zero-carbon ports" on the premise of comprehensive consideration of planning, design, construction, operation, monitoring and assessment; Encourage local research and development of local standards, enterprise standards, group standards, etc.
Optimize the port layout and improve the utilization rate of coastline. Local governments and their transportation (port) authorities should sort out the port resources within their respective jurisdictions, promote the integration of port resources in a planned and step-by-step manner, and realize the transformation from cargo terminals to public terminals, traditional terminals to smart terminals, and general terminals to specialized terminals, so as to improve the utilization rate of port lines; Port enterprises, especially large port enterprise groups, should do a good job in port development planning, optimize port space, structure, functional layout, upgrade technology and equipment, and promote high-quality port development.
Adjust the mode of port collection and distribution to promote energy saving and carbon reduction. Local governments and their transportation (port) departments should pay attention to adjusting the mode of port collection and distribution and reduce the proportion of road transportation collection and distribution. According to the principle of "water is suitable for water", "road is suitable for road" and "iron is suitable for iron", we will actively guide bulk goods to gather and disperse ports by waterway and railway; Port enterprises, especially large port enterprise groups, should take effective measures to adjust the mode of port collection and distribution, and implement the work of energy saving and carbon reduction.
Relying on scientific and technological progress to promote near-zero carbonization of ports. At the government level, the Ministry of Transport should formulate an action plan for peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutral technology in the industry, organize scientific and technological research in the industry (Industry-University-Research uses collaborative innovation), break through the technical bottleneck and vigorously promote its application in the industry in a timely manner; Port enterprises should take the initiative to carry out scientific and technological research and popularization and application of scientific and technological innovation achievements.
Strengthen policy support to ensure the implementation of tasks and the realization of goals. Transportation (port) departments at all levels should strengthen communication and consultation with the development and reform and financial departments at the same level, strive for financial support at all levels, reduce the economic burden of port enterprises in the construction of "near-zero-carbon ports", and improve the enthusiasm of port enterprises to participate in the pilot work; When formulating policies related to peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, transportation (port) authorities at all levels should attach importance to policy convergence with other departments, make full use of policy advantages and give full play to policy superposition effect.
Continue to promote the application of shore power technology in an orderly manner and improve the utilization rate of shore power. Promote the revision of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, clarify the responsibility of ships berthing in port to use shore power, and lay a legal foundation for effectively promoting the use of shore power by ships berthing in port; Promote local governments to take the initiative to formulate regulations on the compulsory use of shore power by ships berthing in their jurisdiction; Improve the Measures for the Administration of Port and Ship Shore Power, and adjust the responsibilities of the Ministry of Transport and the requirements for ships to have shore power receiving capacity; Refine the requirements of the Yangtze River Protection Law on the use of shore power for ships berthing in port to create conditions for local governments to play their roles; Strengthen the supervision and inspection of the use of shore power for ships arriving in Hong Kong, strictly investigate and deal with the failure of ships with shore power to use shore power according to regulations during their berthing, and really improve the utilization rate of shore power.
Strengthen the construction of statistical monitoring, assessment and evaluation system for carbon emissions. Establish and improve a sound statistical monitoring and assessment rating system, clarify the responsibilities of transportation (port) departments at all levels, strengthen statistical monitoring and supervision and assessment, establish an annual key work progress report system and a mid-term follow-up assessment mechanism, organize regular third-party assessments, regularly announce carbon reduction in various places every year and establish a reward and punishment mechanism.
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