Why can nuclear power develop in China? Let’s look at the answer of Hainan Nuclear Power’s "practice"

Cctv news(Reporter Chen Shiwen): "Everyone realizes the complexity of nuclear technology and the special sensitivity of nuclear technology." On July 28th, at the symposium of "Entering Hualong No.1" online brand evaluation activity (Hainan Station), the daily knowledge points should still be a routine link of Hainan Nuclear Power, and nuclear safety has always been placed at the top of all work.

In October, 2020, the comprehensive index of WANO (World Nuclear Power Operators Association) of Hainan Nuclear Power Phase I Project reached a perfect score, and the level of safe operation entered the world’s advanced ranks.

Why can nuclear power develop in China? For example, how to deal with radioactive nuclear waste, and whether nuclear power can help achieve the "double carbon goal" and energy security … … The reporter visited Hainan Nuclear Power on the spot to see how they answered this question with practical actions.

How is the radioactive waste from nuclear power plants treated scientifically?

Using nuclear power to generate electricity, how to properly handle radioactive waste has always been a worldwide problem. Li Zhenyun, deputy general manager of Hainan Nuclear Power, introduced the construction of the "Hualong No.1" nuclear power unit in Hainan, and said that the industry’s first plasma high-temperature melting technology has been realized, which can further optimize the treatment mode of "three wastes".

In the treatment of radioactive waste in general nuclear power plants, when some elements with long half-life are involved, the greater the specific activity, the greater the difficulty of treatment and the higher the cost. Previously, a part of the "three wastes" treatment of nuclear power plants was packed and compacted and put into warehouses, while the other part of wet wastes such as concentrated solution were basically solidified by cement and then stored for a long time.

Hainan Changjiang nuclear power"three piles of co-construction" (hualong one"Two-unit sumLinglong no.1"The first pile) of the construction site.

However, the flame temperature of the plasma high-temperature melting radioactive waste treatment technology in Hainan "Hualong No.1" can reach 1500℃, so that the concentrated waste liquid and waste solvent can be fused by plasma in a proper proportion, and the final product forms a stable glass body, which greatly reduces the amount of radioactive waste and further improves the safety of long-term disposal of radioactive waste packages.

After this technology is put into use, it will become one of the standard technologies for the future "Hualong II". By then, the whole radioactive waste treatment level and waste reduction level of Hainan Nuclear Power will reach a new height at home and abroad, which has obvious advantages compared with the traditional "three wastes" treatment technology.

In addition, the northwest of Changjiang Nuclear Power Plant in Hainan Province is also equipped with an environmental laboratory, which is responsible for analyzing and measuring the environmental media samples around the nuclear power plant under normal working conditions and during the expected operation events, and regularly conducting the environmental monitoring of the nuclear power plant γ A survey of radiation levels. The staff here said that the monitoring situation has been normal and stable.

Chen Jianxin, chief engineer of Hainan Nuclear Power, said that the advanced waste treatment center for plasma melting is currently under construction in the fence of the project site, and it is planned to be put into use in September 2025. By then, a nuclear power related industrial system led by modern service industry and high-tech industry will also take shape, which will drive about 25,000 to 30,000 people to find jobs. 

What does nuclear power generation mean for energy security? 

Nowadays, the epidemic situation in COVID-19 is repeated, and the international situation is turbulent, which leads to the global energy supply shortage, high inflation, and the disorder of industrial chain and supply chain, which increases the external input pressure of China. Faced with such shocks and challenges, developing clean energy independently is an important way for China to ensure energy security, continuously improve the product capacity of industrial chain and create employment opportunities.

It is reported that after the two nuclear power units of the first phase of Hainan Changjiang Nuclear Power Project were put into commercial operation in December 2015 and August 2016 respectively, the problem of power shortage in Hainan Province was completely solved, and the clean energy guarantee of 9 billion to 10 billion kWh of electricity was provided to Hainan Province every year, accounting for about one-third of the total electricity consumption in Hainan Province, so Hainan became the province with the highest proportion of nuclear power in the country.

Sun Yungen, general manager of Hainan Nuclear Power, revealed at the symposium that after the two "Hualong No.1" nuclear power units and one "Linglong No.1" nuclear power unit under construction are completed and put into operation, it is estimated that the power generation will account for more than 50% of the power received by Hainan Province.

Su Chengmei shared her feelings about working in Hainan nuclear power at the forum.

The research shows that 1 yuan’s nuclear power investment can produce about 3 yuan/year’s GDP during the construction period and 2 yuan/year’s GDP during the operation period. Every 100 million yuan of investment in the construction period can create about 3,600 employment opportunities for the whole society, and every 100 million yuan of output value in the operation period can create about 2,000 employment opportunities for the whole society.

Su Chengmei, a resident of villages and towns near Hainan Nuclear Power, said that in the past, they opened their own small shops at home, and their lives were decent, but they were busy all year round but could not save any money. Since the nuclear power plant was built near the village, there have been more people, and the business of small shops is getting better and better, and they have to replenish goods every three days. Now, the living conditions of families have been greatly improved.

Now she has become a skilled worker in Hainan nuclear power radioactive laundry. "The establishment of the power station has also provided us housewives with employment opportunities. I feel very happy and satisfied to work here."

Blockchain+digital assets, a new starting point for future wealth

Text |analysys Yiguan

The White Paper on Panorama of Digital Economy condenses the accumulation of experience and data of various industries in digital economy by Analysys, and combines the actual business and future challenges of enterprises in the digital age, as well as the innovation breakthrough of digital technology and other factors, and finally starts with the development trend of digital economy and cases in various fields to help enterprises clarify their industry positioning and business development direction under the digital wave.

The White Paper on Digital Economy Panorama continues to pay attention to the field of digital assets. With the rapid iteration of emerging technologies such as big data, Internet of Things, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and 5G, China’s digital economy has ushered in vigorous development. As a permanent, tamper-proof, verifiable, trustworthy and programmable distributed ledger technology, blockchain technology provides a new paradigm for the creation, distribution, storage, transaction and use of digital assets, and realizes a major transformation from information Internet to value Internet. Blockchain technology supports the safe, transparent and credible value transfer of digital assets in the Internet and will play a vital role in the future digital economy.

Definition and characteristics of digital assets

Digital assets refer to digital resources that are owned or controlled by individuals or enterprises in cyberspace, exist in digital form and are expected to bring economic benefits.

Digital assets have the following characteristics:

1. Digital assets are owned or controlled by a clear subject.

Digital assets are owned or controlled by individuals, enterprises, countries and other subjects, who have the ownership, use and management rights of digital assets, and their rights can be guaranteed by digital technology.

2. Digital assets flow in cyberspace in digital form.

The biggest difference between digital assets and traditional assets is that traditional assets exist in actual physical space, while digital assets exist in cyberspace, so digital assets are stored and circulated in digital form.

3. Digital assets are digital resources that can bring economic benefits.

The essence of digital assets is wealth or resources that can bring economic benefits to the subject. Digital resources that have no exchange value and use value and cannot bring economic benefits cannot be recognized as digital assets.

4. Digital assets are digital assets created by the main body in social and economic activities, which are not created out of thin air, but obtained through the corresponding labor, capital and technology paid by the main body in social and economic activities, through production and purchase.

5. The value of digital assets is measurable, separable and combinable.

Digital assets can be priced and measured by accounting rules, and their values can be split and combined.

Classification and development status of digital assets

As a digital representation of value or rights, blockchain digital assets are called encrypted assets and encrypted certificates by the industry. Considering the diversity of blockchain systems, applications and digital assets, based on the typical characteristics of blockchain digital assets, digital assets can be divided into two categories: homogeneous pass and heterogeneous pass (NFT).

Classification of digital assets

1. Homogeneity certificate

Digital currency can be regarded as a virtual digital pass based on node network and digital encryption algorithm. Each pass has no particularity, but it is still essentially different from the virtual currency issued by network enterprises. Its core features are mainly reflected in three aspects: first, an open algorithm; Second, there is no issuer, and its issuance is not controlled by individuals and institutions; Thirdly, based on the algorithm, the real-time consensus mechanism has high security. Homogeneous certificate has developed rapidly since the birth of Bitcoin, and it has brought great challenges to the existing monetary system.

2. Non-homogeneous certificate

The full name of NFT is Non-Fungible Token, and the Chinese name is translated into non-homogeneous certificate (or non-homogeneous token). It is stored in the digital ledger, and a data unit generated by a specific software program of a public blockchain platform (such as "Ethereum") is recorded in the smart contract generated by the platform. As a tool for identifying the source of specific digital assets, it has the characteristics of indivisibility, irreplaceable and uniqueness. NFT usually uses a long string of English letters and numbers to connect with a specific blockchain and its smart contracts. This code is also called "hash function". Because of this feature, NFT has recently become an excellent tool to preserve and identify any electronic files. No matter whether image files, audio-visual works or even various tangible and intangible properties are virtualized and digitized, such as game props in online games or bills and works of art that map real life, they can be branded with NFT marks and become unique "blocks" for permanent preservation and verification.

Development Status of Digital Assets

The global digital asset market is booming. As one of the important innovative products of financial technology, digital currency has brought a far-reaching impact on the whole financial industry and its regulatory field. Central banks and institutional giants from all over the world have entered the field of digital assets represented by digital currency.

1. Homogeneity certificate

In terms of quantity, as of December 31st, 2021, the number was 16,223 (data source: Finbold), an increase of about 98.98% compared with 8153 in January, 2021. 8070 new Token were created throughout the year, and about 21 new cryptocurrencies were launched on the market every day on average.

In terms of the number of users, as of December 29, 2021, there were 295 million cryptocurrency users in the world, an increase of 178.30% compared with the beginning of 2021. It took only four months (February-June) for the number of users to increase from 100 million to 200 million. The main reason is the rapid rise of the counterfeit coins ShibaToken(SHIB) and Dogecoin(DOGE) in a short period of time, and the driving force of the cutting-edge technology leader Musk. In the second half of 2021, in view of the increasingly strict policies in digital currency (the major exchanges intend to repel China users), the growth rate of user scale has gradually slowed down.

From the perspective of exchanges, it can be divided into centralized exchanges and decentralized exchanges. Among them, the centralized exchange presents a super-strong situation. Among several centralized trading platforms, Binance still maintains a leading position, and its CEO Zhao Changpeng has therefore reached the top of Asia’s richest man. The transaction volume of Huobi and OKEx decreased compared with 2019. Uniswap still maintains its leading position in decentralized exchanges, but based on the characteristics of decentralized exchanges, its network congestion and unstable trading slip points are still one of the main reasons that restrict the development of decentralized exchanges.

2. Non-homogeneous certificate

After the development in recent years, the non-homogeneous certificate (NFT) has been used in the art industry for its scarcity, uniqueness and non-replicability, and has become one of the important ways to digitize assets. In 2018, NFT’s sales experienced a short-term prosperity, then entered the bottom of the bubble in 2019, the market gradually picked up in 2020, and the NFT ushered in an outbreak in 2021. In this process, the proportion of works of art in the total sales of digital collections has been increasing, and at the same time, it has promoted the continuous exploration of NFT in application scenarios. By the beginning of 2020. The NFT market size exceeds $26.9 billion.

Blockchain technology to solve the core problems of digital assets

Blockchain technology is considered to be the fifth subversive innovation of computing paradigm after mainframe, personal computer, internet and mobile social network, and the fourth milestone in the evolution history of human credit after blood credit, precious metal credit and central bank paper money credit. Its technology is the embryonic form of the next generation of cloud computing, and it is an important tool to realize the transformation from the current information Internet to the value Internet. Blockchain can be divided into three models: public chain, alliance chain and private chain on different platforms. Its technical features include: distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, asymmetric encryption and authorization technology, consensus mechanism, intelligent contract, traceability, etc., which greatly reduces the intermediary cost in asset transactions, creates reliable transaction constraints, and solves the problems of asset anti-counterfeiting and tracking.

Confirmation of digital assets

The traditional form of asset registration is stored in a centralized database, which is vulnerable to attacks, making it difficult to guarantee the security of assets, and the data in the network is easy to be copied and disseminated, making it difficult to confirm the assets, and making it impossible for its owners to obtain reasonable economic benefits. The logic of blockchain can support the determination of digital asset ownership. Digital assets can be confirmed by using blockchain digital signature, consensus mechanism, smart contract, time stamp and other technologies, so that the owners, producers and users of assets can join the blockchain network as important nodes, establish a safe and credible identity system and responsibility division system, and record and trace the transmission, use, transaction and income of digital assets throughout the cycle, which provides a solid technical foundation for the circulation of digital assets.

Authenticity and credibility of digital assets

With the development of digital technology, traditional paper bills have gradually evolved into digital bills. At present, the main defects of digital bills are that the authenticity of bills is difficult to guarantee, the illegal trading of bills is chaotic, and the risk of default is due. Blockchain NFT technology can effectively solve the problem of ticket fraud, and at the same time establish a brand-new continuous "endorsement" mechanism between multi-party nodes, which truly reflects the transfer process of bill rights. Once the data is uploaded, all nodes in the blockchain jointly maintain the same account book, and all nodes can be used as backup nodes, which makes it impossible to conduct single-point illegal operations. At the same time, there are penalties for bad nodes in the consensus mechanism. The introduction of encryption mechanism realizes the authentication of nodes, and various encryption algorithms, such as digital signature and encryption mechanism, realize the authenticity and validity of the data in the blockchain without being tampered with, realize the multi-party trust transfer, and enable the digital bill to be split and reorganized flexibly and conveniently.

Digital assets circulation security

Blockchain can store multi-source heterogeneous digital assets on the chain through encryption algorithm, so that the data on the chain can be traded freely. After reaching a consensus through the blockchain consensus mechanism, the data will be stored in the data books of the whole network nodes, and the loss of a single point of data will not affect the integrity of the data. However, by extracting the data fingerprint through the blockchain hash algorithm and establishing the corresponding relationship between the data and the fingerprint, any form of falsification of the data will lead to the change of the data fingerprint, thus ensuring the authenticity and integrity of the digital assets. Blockchain stores data in a chain structure and adds time stamps to the data. This sequential data structure enables data operations and activities to be queried and tracked, providing an effective means for data life cycle audit and traceability. The introduction of intelligent contract can automatically execute the contract terms without the need of a third party, which is helpful for multiple participants to handle the transactions and settlement according to the pre-agreed rules, thus completing the safe circulation of digital assets.

There are still many challenges in the development of digital assets based on blockchain.

Blockchain technology and application security still need to be improved.

The application of blockchain technology can promote the security level and sharing level of digital economy, and then better empower the stable development of digital economy. However, at present, the application of blockchain technology still fails to meet the three requirements of high efficiency, low energy consumption, decentralization and security, and the transaction throughput on the chain is not high, making it difficult to carry out high-frequency sub-services continuously.

1. The scalability of blockchain is limited

In the blockchain, transaction queuing and data synchronization seriously affect the processing performance of the system. With the increase of data and nodes, the performance of the system will be further reduced, thus affecting the scalability of the blockchain. The existing consensus mechanism is difficult to meet the requirements of high throughput and low latency in large-scale network nodes.

2. There are still deficiencies in security and privacy protection.

Blockchain uses internationally accepted core constructions such as cryptographic algorithms, virtual machines and smart contracts, which are not completely autonomous and controllable, and will increase the risk of attack. A large number of complex cryptographic algorithms such as zero-knowledge proof and group signature will greatly reduce the reading and writing ability of blockchain data, which will make the original blockchain system with low processing efficiency worse.

3. Blockchain technology has the problem of circular execution of smart contracts.

Smart contracts have self-circulation characteristics similar to high-frequency trading, which will significantly amplify price fluctuations. Blockchain data information cannot be modified after it is written, which leads to the inability to return it after the transaction and poor flexibility.

Applications in the digital economy still face the following challenges.

1. Lack of typical innovative applications of blockchain that can be promoted on a large scale.

At present, the application of blockchain technology has been extended to many digital economic fields, such as digital finance, Internet of Things, intelligent manufacturing, supply chain finance, digital asset trading, etc. However, due to the complexity of the scenarios involved and the limitation of the maturity of blockchain technology, it is difficult to land the application scenarios of blockchain in agriculture, manufacturing and other fields, and there is a lack of typical innovative applications that can be promoted on a large scale.

2. It is difficult to integrate and innovate blockchain with other digital technologies.

New infrastructure is the foundation of the development of digital economy, and blockchain is an important part of it. Integration and innovation with other digital technologies is the key to promote the high-quality development of digital economy. However, at present, various technologies are still in the stage of continuous maturity, and only small functions can be integrated, and there are difficulties in deep integration.

3. The blockchain application supervision mechanism needs to be improved.

The immature blockchain supervision system is not conducive to the overall development of blockchain industry and digital economy. At present, countries around the world have not produced the best or best blockchain supervision experience, and the differences in supervision policies among countries are not conducive to the worldwide exchange and cooperation of blockchain technology. Blockchain technology has certain regulatory loopholes in the supervision of digital economy. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of distribution, good confidentiality and low cost. In the process of digital economy transactions, it is difficult for the regulatory authorities to monitor real-name customers and capital flows, which increases the security risks of blockchain application in the digital economy.

Case Analysis of Blockchain Empowering Digital Assets

Typical case 1: ABS project management platform of China Merchants Bank Credit Card Center

The credit card center of China Merchants Bank built an ABS project management platform to solve the problems of opaque information, low operational efficiency, weak risk control ability and difficult pricing in the process of asset securitization. In terms of data, by recording the application materials and the status of securities and financial products on the blockchain, bond investors can clearly see the whole process of the project from generation to release, ensuring the credibility of assets. In terms of process, a multi-center online securities management platform is built through blockchain and multi-participants to realize efficient business collaboration, shorten product release cycle and improve business operation efficiency. In terms of reconciliation, the blockchain naturally has the advantages of reconciliation-free and efficient reconciliation, eliminating the third-party credit, time cost and capital consumption of reconciliation between different institutions at present, effectively improving the efficiency of capital settlement, and at the same time, each institution has maintained relatively independent business autonomy, achieving a balance between efficiency and flexibility. In terms of supervision, blockchain completely records the whole process information of the underlying assets and projects, which can enhance the penetration of assets and facilitate data statistics and regulatory review.

Typical Case 2: China Trade and Finance Blockchain Platform

The blockchain platform for inter-bank trade and finance transactions in China is planned by the China Banking Association and jointly initiated by a number of banks. The platform makes use of the technical characteristics of blockchain, such as openness, transparency, non-tampering, high sharing and traceability, to realize the complete electronization of inter-bank transactions and the credible transmission of inter-bank information, shape the financial trust system, and jointly build a trade and financial ecosystem. The platform was officially put into operation on December 29, 2018. ICBC and China Merchants Bank completed the first cross-bank domestic letter of credit chain verification, and then successively carried out business cooperation such as forfaiting, letter of guarantee factoring and syndicated loans.

Thermal interpretation | To do a good job in economic work in 2024, we should focus on making good use of this "initiative"

CCTV’s "Hot Interpretation" column noted that the meeting used a new expression — — "Make the domestic circulation based on the main force of domestic demand, and improve the quality and level of international circulation".

The main force of domestic demand — — This is a new formulation.

The economy of a big country needs a strong and resilient national economic circulation system. Smoothing the economic cycle, basing on the domestic market, coping with the uncertainty of the external environment with the certainty of its own development, and doing a good job in the domestic cycle are the active actions of taking precautions, coordinating development and safety.

"Domestic demand is the basic driving force for China’s economic development, and it is also an inevitable requirement to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader’s vivid conclusion profoundly points out the importance of expanding domestic demand in stimulating China’s economic development and solving major social contradictions, and provides an action guide for formulating long-term development plans of the national economy and improving macro-control.

Expanding domestic demand is an effective and important strategy to promote economic development. The Central Economic Work Conference in 2023 anchored the new trend of China’s economic work in 2024, and upgraded the positioning of domestic demand from "basic power" to "main power", which is both necessary and feasible, with both key support and practical needs.

Dong Yu, executive vice president of Tsinghua University China Development Planning and Research Institute, pointed out in an interview with CCTV that the central economic work conference put forward the "domestic demand initiative" in the regular understanding of the "five necessities", which was based on a systematic summary of the work of expanding domestic demand for a period of time. The formulation of "main power" is reflected in the fact that domestic demand plays a greater role in pulling the domestic macro-cycle, that is, it should be the main engine of domestic economic growth. Dong Yu further explained: "With ‘ Basic power ’ Compared with the formulation of ‘ Main power ’ It is even more emphasized that domestic demand should not only play a basic supporting role in the changing situation, but also play a role in traction and development, which is completely corresponding to the role played by consumer investment in current economic growth. "

On "initiative" from the perspective of pressure

Maintaining the general balance between total supply and total demand is a prerequisite for the healthy operation of the socialist market economy. Focusing on expanding domestic demand is an important measure for the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core to grasp the international and domestic economic situation and promote the economic recovery of China.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has made a series of important expositions on expanding domestic demand from the reality of China’s economic operation, providing scientific guidance for implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand.

The central economic work conferences held in 2021 and 2022 all pointed out the triple pressures of demand contraction, supply shock and expected weakening. At present, the situation facing China’s development is still complicated, the unfavorable factors in the international political and economic environment are increasing, and domestic cyclical and structural contradictions are superimposed.

"Insufficient effective demand, overcapacity in some industries, weak social expectations, many potential risks, blockage in the domestic macro-cycle, and rising complexity, severity and uncertainty in the external environment" … … The Central Economic Work Conference in 2023 once again faced the difficulties and challenges facing China’s economic situation.

Zhang Liqun, a researcher at the Macroeconomic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said: "The main problem facing China’s economy now is the ‘ Blocking point ’ The most important thing is demand contraction. ‘ Main power ’ This new formulation further clearly emphasizes that domestic demand is of great significance for smoothing the domestic economic cycle, meeting the growing needs of more than 1.4 billion China people for a better life, and solidly promoting high-quality development. "

Expanding domestic demand is the "blocking point" to open up the economic cycle"It is the key support to consolidate the domestic basic market and build a new development pattern, and it is also the "active choice" to give full play to the advantages of China’s ultra-large-scale market. In 2023, the Central Economic Work Conference called for "earnestly enhancing the sense of responsibility and mission in doing a good job in economic work, seizing all favorable opportunities, making use of all favorable conditions, doing it as soon as possible, doing more as much as possible, and striving to cope with the uncertainty of the changing situation with the certainty of our own work"..

Look at "initiative" from the effect

On January 31, 2023, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly emphasized during the second collective study in the 20th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee: "China is a super-large-scale economy, and super-large-scale economies can and must be internally recyclable."

The year 2023 is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and the year of economic recovery and development after three years of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19. All localities and departments adhere to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, and a series of policies and measures to promote consumption and stabilize investment have continued to exert significant effects, accelerating the release of domestic demand potential and significantly enhancing the pulling effect.

On November 17th, 2023, the audience bought trinkets at china international travel mart 2023.

On November 17th, 2023, the audience bought trinkets at china international travel mart 2023.

Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in the first three quarters, the contribution rate of China’s domestic demand to economic growth increased to 113%, of which the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth reached 83.2%, effectively offsetting the pressure of shrinking external demand and playing the role of "booster" and "stabilizer" for the overall economic recovery.

Promote the economic recovery, and the domestic market engine continues to exert its strength. The National Development and Reform Commission issued measures to restore and expand consumption, and the Ministry of Commerce and other ministries and commissions issued several measures to promote household consumption. From consumption boosting year to consumption promotion month to international consumption season and golden autumn shopping festival … … In 2023, policies to promote consumption have been implemented one after another, and consumption activities have been continuously promoted. The quality and level of supply in the consumer market have been continuously improved, and the consumption potential has been accelerated.

See "initiative" from deployment

"China’s population of more than 1.4 billion has entered a modern society as a whole, and its scale exceeds the total population of existing developed countries. Its arduousness and complexity are unprecedented, and we must firmly grasp the leading role of development in our own hands.."

In 2023, the Central Economic Work Conference emphasized that it is necessary to stimulate potential consumption, expand effective investment, and form a virtuous circle in which consumption and investment promote each other, and "focusing on expanding domestic demand" was regarded as one of the nine key tasks of China’s economic work in 2024, with special emphasis on "promoting consumption from post-epidemic recovery to continuous expansion" and "giving full play to the driving amplification effect of government investment", which means that expanding domestic demand remains the focus and key of economic work in 2024.

Xu Hongcai, deputy director of the Economic Policy Committee of China Policy Science Research Association, said that it is necessary to give play to the key role of investment and the basic role of consumption in the expansion, so that investment and consumption can form a dynamic new balance at a higher level and further accumulate the momentum of sustainable economic development.

What is potential consumption? What is a profitable investment? In what areas do you need to "take the initiative"? The Central Economic Work Conference laid emphasis on related fields.

From the Outline of the Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022— From "2035)" to "the implementation plan of the strategy of expanding domestic demand in the 14 th Five-Year Plan", the state has always adhered to the strategy of expanding domestic demand at the policy level.

Dong Wei suggested that the next step to implement the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference in 2023 can focus on how to form a virtuous circle of mutual promotion between consumption and investment, that is, to find the combination of the two, key national support areas and support policies.

Zhang Liqun said that to expand domestic demand, we must focus on the positive interaction between investment and consumption, and grasp the starting point of various policies. Consumption is the goal and investment is the means. Only investment can form high-quality supply, better employment, increase residents’ income and form consumption purchasing power.

In the next stage, insisting on doing a good job in expanding domestic demand will certainly accumulate stronger development momentum, boost Chinese modernization and promote economic stability and long-term development.

What benefits does centralized drug collection bring when drugs are reduced in price and quality, and patients’ burden is reduced?

  Cartography: Andy

  In the pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, pharmacists are distributing purchased drugs to patients. People’s vision

  A hospital in Wuhan publicized the centralized drug purchase policy to patients. Photo by Xin Ming Sun

  Recently, a number of drugs have been reduced in price, including metformin, captopril, valsartan and other drugs. On August 24th, the results of the third batch of centralized drug procurement organized by the state (hereinafter referred to as centralized drug procurement), which is the largest to date, were announced. A total of 191 brand products of 55 drugs were selected, with an average price reduction of 53%.

  Since December 2018, the state organized centralized drug procurement in 11 cities including Beijing and Tianjin (hereinafter referred to as the "4+7" pilot), the number of purchased drugs has reached more than 100, and the number of products with different brands has exceeded 300, involving more than 200 selected enterprises. To the surprise of the vast number of insured patients, every collection has greatly reduced the price of some high-priced but large-dosage good drugs and big-name drugs, with an average reduction of more than half, which greatly reduced the burden of medication, such as gefitinib (Iressa), acarbose (Betanping), and entecavir, the first-line drug for patients with lung cancer, and the first-line drug for patients with diabetes.

  Third-party evaluation shows that the quality and efficacy of the selected products have been generally recognized and accepted by doctors and patients. For the pharmaceutical industry, although it has experienced pain, it has improved the industry ecology and promoted benign development. In the future, more kinds of drugs will enter centralized procurement, which will better protect people’s demand for drugs and boost the construction of healthy China.

  The price of each batch of centralized drugs is reduced by more than half.

  The centralized procurement of drugs organized by the state brings huge consumption, and with the great advantage of super group purchase, it is exchanged for high quality and low price of drugs.

  Uncle Hong, 76, from Xiamen City, Fujian Province, has been suffering from diabetes for more than 20 years and hypertension at the same time. More than 10 years ago, Uncle Hong began to take Baitangping, which costs 3 boxes a month, each box costs more than 90 yuan, and it costs about 3,300 yuan a year, which is a bit heavy. Recently, Uncle Hong went to the hospital to prescribe medicine and found that the medicine was cheap, and it only cost about 330 yuan a year, which is 1/10 of the original cost. "I asked the doctor if he prescribed the wrong medicine. I couldn’t believe it. Thanks to the country’s good policies, it has saved money for our diabetic patients and can also use big-name drugs. " Uncle Hong said.

  Not only patients with chronic diseases, but also some seriously ill patients are greatly relieved.

  Mr. Chen from Tieling City, Liaoning Province is a patient with bone metastasis from lung cancer. He has been taking gefitinib in recent years. In the first half of 2019, when he saw that the box of gefitinib in Shenyang dropped to 547 yuan, which was more than 1,700 yuan cheaper than that in Tieling, he asked someone to buy medicine in Shenyang. At the end of 2019, Tieling City also reduced its price. He calculated that according to the consumption of 3 boxes per month, he would be reimbursed by 56%, which would cost less than 5,000 yuan per month and reduce the annual drug cost by 60,000 yuan.

  In August this year, Mr. Wu, a resident of Shanghai, went to Tongren Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and prescribed a box of abiraterone acetate tablets for the treatment of malignant tumors as usual. He was pleasantly surprised to find that the drug with the original price of 16,268 yuan is now only 2,800 yuan, and the price reduction is over 80%. After the medical insurance reimbursement, the personal burden is 1,100 yuan.

  This is the reform dividend brought by the centralized procurement of drugs organized by the state, benefiting countless families of patients. Since December 2018, after the pilot, the state has organized all localities to form alliances with provinces as units, and entrusted the joint procurement office to carry out centralized and quantitative procurement of cross-regional alliances. Each region collects the consumption of drugs in local public hospitals, and the selected drugs will be given 50% to 80% of the market consumption, and the medical insurance will pay in advance. In the case of consistency evaluation and quality certification, the centralized drug procurement organized by the state brings huge consumption, and with the great advantage of super group purchase, it gets high quality and low price of products.

  The data show that the selected drugs are popular in clinic, and the completion degree of agreed dosage is high. After the expiration of the "4+7" pilot project for one year, the average purchase amount of 25 selected drugs was 2.4 times, and the purchase amount of selected drugs accounted for 78% of the purchase amount of the same drug.

  Shanghai is one of the "4+7" pilot cities, and it is also the earliest area to purchase with quantity. Li Ling is the chief pharmacist in the pharmacy department of Tongren Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, and also the vice chairman of the hospital pharmacy professional committee of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Association. She told reporters that Shanghai has done a good job in implementing the supporting policies of national procurement with quantity, such as leaving "air holes", and you can choose drugs from the middle or non-middle. Hospital publicity is well done and implemented, even if the original drug is replaced by generic drug, the patient’s acceptance is relatively high. Shanghai also uses near infrared spectroscopy to detect each batch of drugs to ensure excellent quality. Since the implementation, there are only a few reports of clinical adverse reactions, which are highly recognized.

  No longer "only low prices are taken"

  The entry threshold of high quality requirements means that the quality of the selected drugs is guaranteed even if the price is low.

  Amlodipine besylate tablets of 0.15 yuan each, paracetamol tablets of 0.034 yuan each, captopril tablets of 0.014 yuan each, metformin hydrochloride tablets of 0.015 yuan each … … The price of some selected drugs is as low as 10 cents and 1 cent. Is the quality reliable? Is this kind of centralized purchasing going back to the old road of "only taking low prices"?

  Gong Bo, director of the Price Mining Department of Shanghai Medical Insurance Bureau, said that in the "4+7" pilot, there were not many generic drug companies that passed the consistency evaluation, and the scope of the procurement pilot was not large. In order to reflect the scale effect, only the drugs with the lowest quotation were eligible for the selection. However, from the beginning of the national expansion of centralized procurement, the variety specifications increased, and the procurement volume expanded to the whole country. According to the market competition pattern, the maximum number of enterprises that can be selected from the middle was determined. In the third batch of centralized procurement, the maximum number of enterprises that can be selected from a variety was expanded to eight. The drugs participating in the centralized collection are generic drugs that have passed the consistency evaluation, and the quality level is high. In this case, the winning bid is different from the previous "only low price is taken" that does not distinguish the quality level. The entry threshold of high quality requirements also means that even if the price of the selected drug is low, the quality is guaranteed.

  The reporter interviewed some patients who originally used the original drug and later switched to the generic drug. In the general clinic of Wuliqiao Community Health Service Center in Shanghai, Uncle Lin, who has been taking Bai Tangping for more than 10 years, is prescribing medicine. Last month, Uncle Lin changed the drugs selected from the centralized collection. "At first, I was afraid that the effect would not be good. I opened a box first. I tried it well and chose it." Uncle Lin said.

  Huang Lei, director of Wuliqiao Community Health Service Center, said that there are currently 26 kinds of national centralized drugs used in hospitals, and amlodipine besylate and acarbose are commonly used drugs for patients with hypertension and diabetes respectively. Although they are no longer original drugs, more than 200 boxes can be prescribed every day. "These drugs have a large dosage and a large decline. After dressing change, the effect is good and they are welcomed by patients." April 20 this year was the first day of the second batch of centralized drugs, and many patients went to the hospital to buy drugs that day.

  For some drugs that have dropped to "ultra-low price", experts have analyzed that some small enterprises are using "ultra-low price" to win the chance of winning because they will die if they miss, and they will survive if they win, but it is still difficult to survive if there are no new varieties to follow up. In contrast, large enterprises are becoming more and more rational, their costs are well controlled, their quality is guaranteed, and their product lines are stable. With the optimization of market formats, they will win from them and win the market.

  It has been suggested that at such a low price, the profit margin of enterprises is too small, which will affect innovation. A number of companies said that generic drugs do not involve research and development costs, so the cost is relatively low. In many countries, generic drugs are small profits but quick turnover. Enterprises have their own strategic considerations whether to reduce prices for the market.

  For enterprises, generic drugs and innovative drugs are two systems, and it is impossible to earn back the money for developing innovative drugs by selling generic drugs. From the international experience, the financing of innovative drugs is rarely filled by the profits of generic drugs, but more by capital markets such as venture capital and stock market.

  In the third batch of centralized procurement, Jiangsu Haosen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. has 6 products to participate in the bidding and 5 products were selected. In the three batches of centralized purchasing, several products of Hausen were selected at a large price reduction, but it did not affect the pace of innovation. The relevant person in charge of the company said that the centralized procurement rules are becoming more and more perfect, the hospital implementation is in place, and the actual consumption is far greater than the reported amount, which gives the enterprise great confidence. Enterprises are actively transforming into innovative enterprises. At present, there are several 1.1 innovative drugs waiting to be listed in the fields of hypoglycemic, tumor and hematology.

  The "patent cliff" appeared

  Centralized purchasing with quantity makes it impossible to maintain the high price of the original research drugs that have passed the patent period, and the price has dropped sharply, so that patients can afford big-name drugs.

  In these rounds of centralized procurement, some high-priced original research drugs have encountered "patent cliff" one after another, and some people called for the original research drugs to "retreat" in centralized procurement. However, this is not the case.

  The original drug "patent cliff" first appeared in the "4+7" pilot in December 2018. At that time, the original research drug gefitinib reported the lowest price in the world of 547 yuan, which was 76% lower than the original price. In the industry’s view, this is not only a price reduction, but also a new drug price era of the original research drug "patent cliff".

  The "patent cliff" refers to the phenomenon that the price of generic drugs has dropped sharply after the patent of the original drug expires. In China, after many patented drugs expired, generic drugs failed to appear. Even if it appears, because there is no conformity evaluation quality certification, it is impossible to confirm the quality level of generic drugs at the time of bidding, and the procurement with quantity has not been really implemented. Therefore, the original research drugs that have passed the patent period still maintain high drug prices and occupy a large market share. Generic drugs can’t replace the original drugs, and the drug burden of patients remains high.

  At the time of the "4+7" pilot, the situation has completely changed. The third generation of targeted drugs for non-small cell lung cancer has been listed, and the first imitation drug in China has also been listed. As the first generation product, gefitinib will soon be eliminated from the market. In the case that a large number of generic drugs have passed the consistency evaluation and the country began to organize centralized procurement of drugs with quantity, the price of gefitinib, the original research drug, has become a wise choice to cope with market competition and has become the first patent cliff in the history of Chinese medicine.

  In the second batch of drug collection in January this year, the original drug "patent cliff" appeared again. The price reduction of acarbose, the original drug for diabetes, exceeded 90%; Meloxicam tablets, the original research drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, reduced its price by more than 80%, and the price per tablet dropped from 2 yuan to 0.18 yuan.

  In the third batch of centralized drug procurement organized by the state, more original drugs were involved. Although only three original drugs were selected, as in the previous collections, the original drug research enterprises actively participated, not "retreated".

  Gong Bo said: "The price of original drugs is generally high, and the price is changed by quantity, which requires a sharp price reduction of drugs. In drug collection at home and abroad, the selection of generic drugs is a normal phenomenon, and the selection of original drugs is an exception. " From the point of view of the original drug research enterprise, the failure to choose is closely related to the development strategy of the enterprise itself. Whether to occupy the selected market or the non-selected market, what impact it will have on major domestic and foreign markets, etc., all need to be considered.

  Hu Shanlian, a professor at the School of Public Health of Fudan University, said that the pharmaceutical companies that can significantly reduce prices are mainly due to the high cost of circulation. Most of these successful bidders control the source of raw materials, so they can achieve significant price cuts. Some of the original drugs have been greatly reduced in price in order that a new generation of products can quickly occupy the market. "This shows the direction of innovation in the future and will bring a new atmosphere to the entire pharmaceutical industry."

  The data shows that from the situation of "4+7" pilot areas, the proportion of people using original drugs and generic drugs that passed the consistency evaluation has greatly increased from about 50% to over 90%, and the quality level of patients’ medication has improved significantly.

  "Selling with gold" disappeared.

  Centralized procurement with quantity promotes the replacement of high-priced original research drugs with cheap generic drugs, and the low-priced drugs that patients love are revived. Enterprises pay attention to product quality and no longer promote sales with kickbacks.

  Centralized purchasing with quantity not only promotes generic drugs to replace original drugs, but also forces enterprises to change the unreasonable "sales with gold" model and guide enterprises to pay attention to product quality instead of focusing on sales, thus changing the industry ecology.

  In the past, some drugs were sold with money. Drugs are given to agents at the reserve price, and they are sold by layers of rebates. The price can often be several times or even ten times higher than the ex-factory price, resulting in a false high price.

  "In the past, there was no quantity in centralized bidding for drugs. Although the drugs won the bid, there was still a threshold for entering the hospital, and ‘ Sales with gold ’ Mode. Centralized purchasing with quantity allows enterprises to have expectations, understand that there will be a market if they are selected, and can comprehensively consider factors such as cost, market and development strategy to quote. Say goodbye to the unreasonable ‘ Sales with gold ’ The model will help improve the industry ecology and promote the sound development of the industry. " Wu Ming, assistant director of Peking University School of Medicine and professor of health economics, said.

  Due to the change of "sales with gold" mode, in the second batch of centralized purchase, some low-priced drugs that patients used to love were revived and returned to the market. For example, acetaminophen, an antipyretic and analgesic drug, was selected at a price of 0.03 to 0.07 yuan/tablet, slightly higher than the lowest selling price of 0.02 yuan/tablet in history, which made low-priced drugs have a certain profit and gained a market, as well as metronidazole for toothache and amoxicillin for standing antibiotics.

  These low-priced drugs have low production costs and fierce competition. In the past, due to the circulation mode, it was impossible to afford the cost of "selling with gold", but it was difficult for low-priced drugs to open the market and was "reversely eliminated" by high-priced drugs, making it difficult for patients to buy drugs at low prices. This is the well-known phenomenon of drug "price reduction to death" in the past. After the centralized procurement and use of drugs organized by the state, enterprises no longer need to carry out sales public relations through purchasing with quantity and ensuring use, and low-priced drugs can be "resurrected" and returned to the market.

  Some quality-oriented enterprises win the market through centralized procurement. In the third batch of centralized purchase, Azacytidine for injection of Sichuan Huiyu Pharmaceutical was selected from each 260 yuan. It is the first imitation drug, which has been listed in Europe for the first time before. Through centralized purchasing, this product can enter the hospital without setting up a sales team to realize small profits but quick turnover. "We pay attention to product quality, and the products quickly pass the consistency evaluation when they come out. Now you can enter the hospital through centralized procurement, which is also the signal that quantity procurement sends to the market — — Excellent quality can enter the hospital and win the market. " The person in charge of Sichuan Huiyu Pharmaceutical said.

  Centralized purchasing is also beneficial to enterprises with listing licenses. Listed license holders (enterprises) who focus on product research and development have no sales team. The policy of purchasing with quantity makes this kind of products directly enter the hospital, without the extra cost of "selling with gold".

  Shanghai Anbisheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is a listed license holder enterprise. During the "4+7" pilot project, Ji Ran, the general manager of the company, thought that the cost of academic meetings and marketing promotion could be reduced to ensure profits. In the third batch of centralized purchasing, the enterprise products were selected again.

  Wu Ming believes that from the current situation, centralized drug collection is a breakthrough in the reform of compensation mechanism in public hospitals and the promotion of "three medical linkages". After several rounds of centralized procurement, the number of selected drugs increased, and the amount of money accounted for a higher and higher proportion of medical insurance payment, which was gradually recognized by doctors and patients. At the same time, due to the sharp drop in prices, medical insurance frees up space to optimize the drug structure, which is conducive to drug innovation. The surplus hospitals that purchase drugs from medical insurance can be retained, which urges hospitals to actively control costs and incite the reform of public hospitals.

  More drugs usher in "super group purchase"

  Centralized purchasing with quantity enters the normal operation track, which means that patients can use high-quality and high-priced drugs for a long time, benefiting more patients.

  Since the second batch of centralized procurement, the state has organized drug centralized procurement to enter a normal operation track. In the future, more and more products will be included in centralized procurement with quantity.

  From July 15th to 16th this year, the National Medical Insurance Bureau held a forum to listen to experts’ opinions and suggestions on centralized procurement of biological products (including insulin) and Chinese patent medicines, study and improve procurement policies in related fields, and promote the reform of procurement methods. This releases the signal that more drugs will be brought into centralized collection.

  Normalization of centralized purchasing means that high-quality and high-priced drugs can be used for a long time, not only western medicines, but also Chinese patent medicines and insulin injections commonly used by diabetic patients in the future. Shi Luwen, a professor at Peking University School of Pharmacy, said: "The centralized drug collection mechanism organized by the state is closely linked with its procurement, payment, payment and use, ‘ Sanyi ’ The coordination of linkage ensures the quality of drugs and timely supply. For patients, they can enjoy long-term reform dividends and reduce drug costs. At the same time, because the overall quality of the selected drugs is good, gradually establishing recognition of the national pharmaceutical industry can better safeguard people’s health. "

  At present, there are only 112 kinds of drugs involved in the three batches of centralized purchase, but the basic drugs for urban workers’ medical insurance in China have reached more than 2,000 kinds, and the number of drugs that have not entered the centralized purchase and failed the conformity evaluation of generic drugs is still large. However, under the effect of centralized production with quantity, more and more drugs are facing the pressure of price reduction.

  According to the relevant regulations, the payment standard will be gradually adjusted for some drugs whose prices are quite different from those of the selected drugs, and will be adjusted in place within two or three years; In some places, special centralized collection with quantity is carried out for some drug varieties. In August this year, Shanghai issued a document to encourage public medical institutions in this city to explore and carry out centralized bargaining procurement for drugs selected from non-centralized procurement in the form of medical consortia, monomers or voluntary procurement alliances.

  In the future, the mechanism of centralized mining with quantity still needs to be improved in practice. In the interview, some pharmaceutical companies told reporters that some drugs have been collected and their prices are close to the "floor price". It is suggested that the same medical insurance payment standard as the collection price should be enabled, so that China pharmaceutical enterprises can have more development space and patients can choose more space; According to the rules of centralized procurement, three companies of the same drug can automatically trigger centralized procurement through consistency evaluation, but some products have not been evaluated for two or three years after consistency evaluation, so they cannot participate in centralized procurement; Some hospitals expressed the hope to implement the method of "surplus retention and reasonable cost overruns sharing" as soon as possible to improve the enthusiasm of medical institutions to adopt selected drugs.

  "With the expansion of centralized procurement coverage, the continuous improvement of rules and the coordinated efforts of supporting policies, the effect of purchasing with quantity will become more and more prominent, and the four effects at the beginning of policy design will be gradually realized, namely, drug price reduction and quality assurance, transformation and upgrading of the pharmaceutical industry, deepening reform of public hospitals, and reducing the burden and increasing efficiency of medical security." Wu Ming said.

Busy returning at high speed, pay attention to avoiding the sections that are easy to block at peak.

Chao News Correspondent Wu Shiqiang Reporter Zhang Fan
Photo courtesy of Huzhou Management Center of Zhejiang Communications Group Expressway
On October 8, the last day of the holiday, many expressways in Huzhou, such as Hangning, Shensu, Zhejiang and Anhui, began to usher in return traffic in the early morning.
In the monitoring hall of Huzhou Management Center of Zhejiang Communications Group Expressway, the staff are keeping a close eye on the monitoring big screen and paying attention to the road traffic. In view of the large holiday traffic, Huzhou Management Center has increased the frequency of monitoring and inspection of its own road sections and the dispatch of road network forces, and made every effort to ensure that the road sections with large traffic flows are unblocked. In Huzhou Management Center, a key area, the investment in rescue vehicles and rescue personnel has also been increased, and the rescue forces for clearing obstacles have been distributed in a staggered way. More than 550 people have been invested in various road sections under their jurisdiction, and more than 150 rescue vehicles and early warning vehicles have been invested to do a good job in ensuring smooth travel during holidays.
At the Shensu-Zhejiang-Anhui Expressway, the traffic has also increased significantly today, and many foreign tourists have set foot on the return journey. "Since the 7th, the return traffic has dominated, and the traffic in Shanghai has increased obviously, with short-term heavy traffic in some sections. It is estimated that the cross-section traffic will exceed 100,000 vehicles today, which is about 6 times of the usual, and the peak will last until around 24: 00." The staff of Huzhou Management Center of Zhejiang Communications Group introduced.
In view of the large return traffic, Huzhou Management Center, in combination with the key nodes such as important high-speed hubs, service areas and tunnels under its jurisdiction, arranges forces to be stationed in front, with an average interval of less than 12 kilometers at each point, creating a "12-minute emergency rescue response circle" to ensure that sudden accidents can be handled in the first time, and also uses the variable information board of road sections to release information such as large traffic and flexible opening of emergency lanes, so as to facilitate car owners to grasp them in time. At the same time, drones are also enabled to conduct regular inspections on key road sections in the jurisdiction, discover hidden dangers on the road in time through air patrols, make air calls and take the initiative to intervene in accidents and faulty vehicles, and promote the road protection from "passive receiving reports" to "active disposal".
During the return journey, Shen-Su-Zhe-Wan Expressway connects with Chang-Xing West in Shanghai, Changxing South in Hangzhou in Hangzhou to Lijiaxiang Hub, Huzhou North to Lushan Hub, and Lian-Hang Expressway connects with Lian-Shi Hub in Suzhou. Intermittent congestion will slow down due to the large return flow. Huzhou East, Huzhou South, South Taihu Lake, Deqing, Changxing West, Changxing South and other toll stations entering the city are prone to concentrated ups and downs. It is recommended that the majority of car owners reasonably choose the travel time and routes to avoid the sections that are easy to block at peak hours. In case of congestion, they can get off the expressway from the toll station behind the congestion point in advance, and then get off the expressway from the local road after passing the congestion point.
It is worth reminding that at 24 o’clock this evening, the free passage of the holiday is over. Vehicles that are still driving on the expressway before the end of the free time period are advised to choose the nearest toll station to leave the expressway according to the actual location and time. After the end of the free passage, they will get back on the expressway to avoid safety accidents caused by rushing and speeding.
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The "National 24365 College Student Employment Service Platform" has been launched, and more than 3.8 million job information has been collected so far.

  Xinhuanet Beijing, March 29 th Today, the Ministry of Education held a press conference to introduce the progress in the construction and application of the national smart education platform. Wang Hui, Director of College Students Department of the Ministry of Education, introduced the construction and application of "National 24365 Employment Service Platform for College Students".

  Wang Hui introduced that in order to promote the employment of college graduates, the Ministry of Education actively promoted the strategic action of digital education, and upgraded the original new employment network of the Ministry of Education and the 24365 smart employment platform to build the "National 24365 Employment Service Platform for College Students" (referred to as the 24365 Employment Platform). By building a 24-hour, 365-day "full-time, intelligent" platform, we will provide graduates and employers with better "internet plus employment" services, promote a better combination of effective market and government, further improve the market-oriented and socialized employment mechanism for college graduates, and promote graduates’ more full and higher-quality employment.

  Wang Hui said that at present, the platform has gathered abundant employment resources. For the 2022 graduates, more than 3.8 million job information was collected. The platform is holding five job fairs, including "2022 Post Express Online Recruitment" and "24365 Campus Recruitment Service-Shaanxi Special Session". 91 live courses of "Employment Guidance in internet plus" have been launched, covering employment situation and policies, industry analysis, job hunting skills and so on. The platform also launched 118 series of employment guidance and training course resources, providing 44 career assessments, 125 career encyclopedias and 578 career cases.

Zhao Leji’s Work Report at the Second Plenary Session of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

  (Authorized to release) Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, unswervingly implement the strategic plan of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to strictly manage the Party in an all-round way — — Work Report at the Second Plenary Session of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection in communist party, China

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 12th

Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era,

Unswervingly implement the strategic plan of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

— — Work Report at the Second Plenary Session of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection in communist party, China

Zhao Leji

  On behalf of the Standing Committee of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, I made a work report to the second plenary session for your consideration.

  The main tasks of this plenary session are to thoroughly study and implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th Party Congress, and study and deploy the discipline inspection and supervision work in 2018. This morning, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech, which pointed out the direction for further promoting the new great project of party building, promoting the comprehensive and strict development of the party, and deepening the building of a clean and honest party style and the anti-corruption struggle. We should conscientiously study and understand and resolutely implement it.

  First, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and faithfully fulfill the political responsibilities entrusted by party constitution.

  The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a very important meeting held at the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way and the critical period of Socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era. It is a meeting of Do not forget your initiative mind, keeping in mind the mission, holding high the banner and forging ahead in unity. It is of great and far-reaching significance for the whole party and people of all nationalities to closely unite around the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core, hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, win the victory of building a well-off society in an all-round way, win the great victory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and realize the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China expounded a series of major theoretical and practical issues on upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and formulated strategic arrangements for promoting all aspects of the work of the Party and the state. It is a political declaration and action program for our party to start a new journey and continue to write a new chapter in the new era, and provides a fundamental basis for discipline inspection and supervision to start again at a new historical starting point and achieve new success.

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has comprehensively strengthened the party’s leadership and party building, resolutely changed the loose and soft state of managing the party, and strengthened the discipline and discipline, combated corruption and punished evil with tenacious will. The weather of political life within the party has been updated, the political ecology within the party has obviously improved, and the party has become stronger in revolutionary forging, giving off new strong vitality. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and discipline inspection committees at all levels have firmly established political awareness, overall situation awareness, core awareness and conformity awareness, strengthened Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence, consciously maintained a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee, respected party constitution, faithfully performed his duties, promoted the comprehensive and strict management of the party, and the anti-corruption struggle has formed an overwhelming situation and consolidated development, firmly safeguarded the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership, and planted the political foundation of the party’s governance. Entering a new era and embarking on a new journey, discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels should take advantage of the situation, keep pace with the times, deepen and develop in deepening, do not relax, stop and start again, unswervingly move forward, do things in a down-to-earth manner, and strive to win greater strategic achievements in comprehensively administering the party strictly.

  From the 19th National Congress to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is the historical intersection of the goal of "two hundred years". To unite and lead the people in the great struggle, advance the great cause and realize the great dream, the Party must unswervingly uphold and improve its leadership and unswervingly build the Party stronger. The Party’s Commission for Discipline Inspection is a specialized organ for inner-party supervision and an important force for managing the Party. It is necessary to take studying and implementing the spirit of the 19th Party Congress as the primary political task at present and in the future, make great efforts in learning and understanding, and consciously unify thoughts and actions with the scientific judgment and strategic deployment made by the Party Central Committee. To fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the key lies in resolutely safeguarding the core position of the CPC Central Committee, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, the core position of the whole Party, the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership, and always maintaining a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core in ideological and political actions; The key lies in consciously arming the mind, guiding practice and promoting work with the supreme leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and constantly improving the Marxist theoretical level of the whole party; The key lies in unswervingly promoting the in-depth development from the strict administration of the Party in an all-round way, summing up and applying the successful experience since the 18th CPC National Congress, closely combining with the new reality, and taking more scientific, rigorous and effective measures to promote the refinement and implementation of the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress, promote the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee to take root, and gather strong positive energy to realize the historical mission of the Party in the new era.

  (1) Firmly establish the "Four Consciousnesses" and resolutely safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and centralized and unified leadership. It is the future and destiny of the party and the country and the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups in the country to ensure the prohibition of the whole party. The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection has a special mission and great responsibility in maintaining the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core. It must firmly establish the "four consciousnesses", take the lead in maintaining the core position of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, take the lead in implementing the spirit of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee’s Several Provisions on Strengthening and Maintaining Centralized and Unified Leadership of the CPC Central Committee, take the lead in maintaining political discipline and rules, and consciously perform its duties and work under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core. Discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels should practice the "four consciousnesses" with practical actions, faithfully perform their duties and bravely take responsibility, promote party organizations at all levels and leading cadres in party member to consciously align themselves with the core, consciously safeguard the core, firmly implement the party’s political line, and always maintain a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee in political stance, political direction, political principles and political road. They must never be allowed to act independently, never allow orders to be broken, never allow policies to be imposed, and never allow countermeasures to be imposed.

  (2) Armed with the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, always adhere to the correct political direction of discipline inspection and supervision. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is the outline and soul of the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it is the scientific theory and action guide to realize the historical mission of the Party in the new era. Discipline inspection and supervision cadres should thoroughly study and understand the supreme leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and profoundly understand and correctly grasp the essence and rich connotation of "eight clarifications" and "fourteen adherences"; Deeply understand and correctly grasp the theoretical and practical significance of the important conclusion that Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s most essential feature is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, and the party is the highest political leading force; Deeply understand and correctly grasp the basic characteristics, main contradictions and strategic measures of the new era, coordinate and promote the overall layout of the "five in one" and coordinate the deployment of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout; Deeply understand and correctly grasp the new requirements of upholding the party’s leadership over all work and promoting the new great project of party building, and constantly improve the ideological and political level and work ability. We should conscientiously carry out the education on the theme of "Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind the mission", solidly promote the normalization and institutionalization of the study and education of "two studies and one doing", carry forward the Marxist style of study, learn from the original and integrate learning,Learn to think, practice and realize, and learn to be more firm in faith, more pure in loyalty and more reliable in responsibility; It is necessary to link with practical studies, put ourselves in, put our responsibilities in, put our work in, consciously combine the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee with the discipline inspection and supervision responsibilities scientifically, historically and concretely, and consciously put the discipline inspection and supervision work in the overall situation of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

  (3) Keep calm, sober, tenacious and persistent on the road forever, and constantly promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party to develop in depth. Strictly administering the party in an all-round way is always on the road. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader solemnly warned the whole party that it is necessary to clearly understand that the ruling environment faced by the party is complex, and the factors affecting the party’s advanced nature and weakening the party’s purity are also complex. The outstanding problems existing in the party such as impure thoughts, impure organizations and impure work styles have not been fundamentally solved; We should clearly understand the long-term and complexity of the "four major tests" and the sharpness and severity of the "four dangers" faced by the party; It is necessary to clearly understand that the current situation of the anti-corruption struggle is still severe and complicated, and the determination to consolidate the overwhelming situation and win the overwhelming victory must be rock-solid. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly asked us that the strict administration of the Party in an all-round way is far from complete. We should not have the idea of relaxing and resting our feet. We should not have the idea of fighting a good battle once and for all, and we should not have the idea of stopping when the initial results are good. We must never fall into the cycle of grasping and loosening, and grasping again and loosening again when problems arise. We should stick to the word "strictness" for a long time. Discipline inspection organs at all levels must fully implement the general requirements of party building in the new era, firmly grasp the fundamental principle of upholding and strengthening the party’s overall leadership, adhere to the guiding principle that the party should manage the party in an all-round way, take political construction as the guide, build the party ideologically, strengthen the party with discipline, and manage the party with the system.Effectively enhance the systematicness, creativity and effectiveness of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, and effectively enhance the party’s ability of self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation and self-improvement. In the new layout of party building, we should identify the position and responsibilities of discipline inspection, adhere to the problem orientation, maintain strategic strength, focus on the key tasks of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, be serious about political life within the party, strictly observe political discipline and rules, strengthen party spirit, party style and discipline education, consolidate and expand the spiritual achievements of implementing the eight central regulations, win an overwhelming victory in the anti-corruption struggle, improve the supervision system of the party and the state, and continuously achieve new results and reach a new level.

  (4) Learn from party constitution and respect party constitution, and constantly improve the political ability and work level of governing the party and performing its duties according to regulations. Party constitution is the general charter for managing the Party and the general basis for the Party’s discipline inspection organs to perform their duties. Party constitution, newly revised at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, has enriched the basic requirements of adhering to the strict management of the Party, improved the content of the Party’s discipline construction, and stipulated that the main tasks of discipline inspection committees at all levels are to safeguard the Party’s constitution and other internal laws and regulations, check the implementation of the Party’s line, principles, policies and resolutions, and assist the Party’s committees in promoting the comprehensive and strict management of the Party, strengthening the party style construction, and organizing and coordinating anti-corruption work; Duties are supervision, discipline and accountability. This is a major expansion and deepening of the functions, responsibilities and work contents of the party’s discipline inspection organs. We should persistently study party constitution, abide by party constitution, carry out party constitution, safeguard party constitution, adhere to the dialectical materialist concept of unity of knowing and doing, constantly strengthen our understanding and grasp of work rules, and resolutely implement party constitution regulations in the discipline inspection work in a concrete, rich and vivid way; Adhere to the people as the center, and truly realize what the people oppose and hate, we must resolutely guard against and correct what, and constantly enhance the people’s sense of gain; Insist on focusing on the main business, be strict with supervision, strict discipline and serious accountability, constantly enhance the principle and militancy, and constantly enhance the scientificity and accuracy, and strive to create new achievements worthy of the times, the party and the people.

  Second, the key work in 2018

  2018 is the first year to implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up, and a crucial year to build a well-off society in an all-round way and implement the 13th Five-Year Plan. It is of great responsibility to do a good job in discipline inspection and supervision. Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, we should implement the strategic plan of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind the mission, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences", faithfully perform the duties entrusted by party constitution and the Constitution, closely focus on upholding and strengthening the overall leadership of the Party, closely focus on safeguarding the core position of the CPC Central Committee and the whole party, and closely focus on safeguarding the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership. Adhere to the party’s management of the party, strictly manage the party in an all-round way, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, supervise and inspect the implementation of party constitution and the spirit of the 19th Party Congress, take the party’s political construction as the guide, comprehensively promote all aspects of the party’s construction, deepen the reform of the state supervision system, persevere in rectifying the wind and discipline, deepen the anti-corruption struggle, create a good political ecology with a clean atmosphere, strengthen self-supervision, consciously accept supervision, and build a loyal and clean team of discipline inspection and supervision cadres for the final victory.

  (A) the party’s political construction in the first place

  Serious political life within the party. Our party is a Marxist political party organized by revolutionary ideals and iron discipline, and must take a clear-cut stand and stress politics. It is necessary to closely focus on the primary task of the party’s political construction, namely, ensuring that the whole party obeys the Central Committee, upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee, and centralizing and unifying leadership, strictly implement certain norms of inner-party political life under the new situation, actively carry out criticism and self-criticism, and enhance the political, contemporary, principled and combative nature of inner-party political life. Strengthen the supervision and inspection of the political life within the Party, the implementation of the Party’s line, principles and policies, the implementation of democratic centralism and other systems, promote party organizations at all levels and all party member to abide by party constitution Party rules, and resolutely implement the Party’s basic theory, line and strategy. Keep a close eye on the "key minority", urge leading cadres at all levels to consciously strengthen party spirit training, take loyalty to the party, share worries for the party, do their duty for the party, and benefit the people as fundamental political responsibilities, and constantly improve political awareness and political ability. Strict reporting system, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection should report to The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee every year, take the initiative to report to the CPC Central Committee and the General Secretary on major issues in a timely manner, and report to the Party committees at the same level and the discipline inspection commissions at higher levels for important work, so as to keep pace and make orders forbidden.

  Strict political discipline and rules. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the "seven things have their own goals", which ignored the party’s political discipline and rules, had a strong realistic pertinence. It is necessary to guard against and solve outstanding problems in the political life within the Party, be highly alert to the "seven haves", resolutely eliminate two-faced people and two-faced people who are disloyal and dishonest to the Party, and resolutely fight against acts that endanger the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralize and unify leadership; Resolutely oppose and correct individualism, decentralism, liberalism, selfish departmentalism, and humanism, and will never tolerate serious investigation and punishment of cronyism, cliques, and circle culture and dock culture; Resolutely prevent the formation of interest groups within the party from seizing political power and changing the nature of the party, and resolutely prevent mountainism and sectarianism from endangering the unity of the party and undermining its centralization and unity.

  Comprehensively purify the political ecology within the party. A good political ecology is the soil for conserving the party’s fine traditions and style of work, the source of the party’s vitality and an important guarantee for promoting reform, development and stability. It is necessary to grasp the political ecological situation of regions, departments and units as a whole, pay attention to dynamic analysis and judgment, focus on political stance, political principles, political responsibility and political discipline, strengthen accountability for supervision and discipline, and assist party committees (party groups) to strengthen political ecological construction in a targeted and advancing manner. Develop a positive and healthy inner-party political culture, carry forward the values of loyalty, honesty, fairness and decency, seeking truth from facts, honesty and integrity, and resolutely resist the erosion of the principle of commodity exchange on inner-party life. In the process of changing the national and provincial people’s congresses, governments and CPPCC, it is necessary to conscientiously implement the requirements of the CPC Central Committee that "the opinions of discipline inspection and supervision organs must be listened to, and complaints and reports with specific clues must be investigated", strictly control the candidates’ political integrity, integrity and image, and strictly guard against and seriously investigate and deal with acts such as canvassing, bribery and sabotage of elections. Take the selection and employment situation as the focus of daily supervision, patrol supervision and stationing supervision, do a solid job in basic work, dynamically update the archives database of the top leaders and reserve cadres in key positions, reply to the opinions on party style and clean government, ensure the implementation of cadre standards and establish a correct orientation for employing people.

  (2) comprehensively promote the reform of the national supervision system.

  Grasp the reform objectives and tasks. Resolutely implement the strategic plan of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, focus on building a unified command, comprehensive coverage, authoritative and efficient supervision system of the Party, strengthen the restriction and supervision on the operation of power, and achieve full coverage of all public officials exercising public power. Under the unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection should take the lead in grasping the overall situation, strengthen cooperation with the the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) authorities, review and pass the supervision law for the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, establish the the National Supervisory Commission (NSC) of the People’s Republic of China, produce the National Supervisory Commission (NSC) leaders, and make good organizational, personnel and legal preparations; The central leading group for deepening the pilot reform of the national supervision system should strengthen the guidance, coordination and service for comprehensively launching the pilot work, and make overall arrangements, organize implementation and supervise implementation. Party committees at all levels should bear the main responsibility, and party Committee secretaries should be "construction captains"; The Commission for Discipline Inspection should take special responsibility, refine the reform tasks, make good progress arrangements, and promote the implementation of tasks.

  Promote the continuous deepening of reform. In accordance with the timetable and road map set by the CPC Central Committee, we will steadily deepen the reform of the national supervision system, push forward the pilot work throughout the country, and all the provincial, municipal and county supervisory committees will be formed before the end of February. After the establishment of the National Supervisory Commission (NSC) in March, the supervisory committees at all levels will quickly carry out their work according to law. Ideological and political work should run through the whole process of reform and maintain the ideological stability of cadres; Reasonably set up the internal organs of the Disciplinary Committee and the Supervisory Committee, scientifically deploy personnel from all walks of life, optimize the structure of cadres, and further strengthen the power of supervision and discipline and review and investigation; Carefully sort out the clues of suspected duty crimes handed over by procuratorial organs to ensure that all the handover is completed and complete files are established. It is necessary to strengthen political and professional training, explore the operation mechanism of supervision, improve the working system, strictly examine and approve procedures, standardize the investigation process, try out 12 investigation measures with all factors, replace the "two regulations" measures with lien, strengthen supervision and management over the whole process of examination and investigation, actively promote personnel integration and work integration, and comprehensively improve the ability to perform their duties. The Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision of Beijing, Shanxi and Zhejiang provinces should find the main direction of deepening reform on the basis of comprehensively summarizing the pilot experience, turn the institutional advantages into governance efficiency, give full play to the role of "pathfinder" and create more experiences that can be replicated and popularized.

  Focus on improving the supervision system of the party and the state. The fundamental purpose of deepening the reform of the state supervision system is to strengthen the party’s unified leadership over anti-corruption work and promote the modernization of the state governance system and governance capacity. It is necessary to further improve the working system, decision-making mechanism and implementation measures of the anti-corruption led by the party, establish a system for analyzing and judging the political and ecological situation in the region and listening to reports on major cases, and strictly control the decision-making on the review, investigation and disposal of serious violations of discipline and law by management cadres at the same level. Supervisory committees at all levels should strictly implement the Constitution and the supervisory law, improve relevant laws and regulations, strictly control facts, procedures and the application of laws, and improve the level of legalization of anti-corruption work. Adhere to discipline before the law, realize the smooth connection between discipline review and legal investigation, strengthen the connection between supervisory organs and judicial organs, procuratorial organs and law enforcement departments, and form an institutional mechanism that is both cooperative and mutually restrictive. Promote the supervision work to the grassroots level, so that public officials around the masses are closely supervised. Integrate inner-party supervision with state organs, democratic supervision, judicial supervision, mass supervision and public opinion supervision, and enhance the joint efforts of supervision.

  (3) Consolidate, expand and implement the spiritual achievements of the eight central regulations

  Build a protracted war with the spirit of nailing. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of work style, but the problem of "four winds" is intractable and repetitive. We must persist in correcting the "four winds" in the spirit of "moving wood to establish faith". Leading cadres at all levels should take the lead in changing their style of work, often show their performance, find the gap, adhere to their own practices, and form a "head geese effect." It is necessary to take the supervision and inspection of the implementation of the spirit of the eight central regulations and their implementation rules as the key tasks and regular work of the discipline inspection and supervision organs, and stick to one node at a time, break through one problem at a time, cling to it, make no concessions, manage habits and change customs. Pay attention to the new trends of "four winds", such as invisible variation and makeover, seize the main contradiction, take excellent measures and make solid rectification. Keep a close eye on hedonism and extravagance, seriously investigate and deal with violations of discipline against the wind, and resolutely prevent rebound and resurgence. Make greater efforts to oppose formalism and bureaucracy, closely link with the reality of regions and departments, not only solve old problems, but also detect new ones, focusing on correcting some leading cadres who cherish feathers, avoid problems, are lazy and do nothing, and some grassroots cadres do nothing, act indiscriminately, and push around coldly. If the attitude is too high, the actions are too few, the implementation is poor, which hinders the implementation of the major policies of the CPC Central Committee, and the people react strongly, causing serious consequences, we should seize the typical, resolutely blame and form a deterrent.Resolutely oppose privileged thoughts and privileged phenomena, educate and guide leading cadres in party member to correctly treat and handle the relationship between public and private, righteousness and benefit, honesty and corruption, frugality and extravagance, bitterness and pleasure, and intimacy and purity, strictly discipline themselves, strictly educate and manage relatives and staff around them, and never let privileged behaviors grow and spread.

  Education guides party member cadres to strengthen the feelings of the masses. Firmly grasp the foundation of maintaining the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the people, keep in mind that popular support is the greatest politics, and urge party member cadres to review the history of the Party’s founding and review the pledge of joining the Party, firmly establish the sense of purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, and earnestly respect the masses in thought, be close to them in emotion, unite them in work and serve them in action. We should always make unremitting efforts to fill shortcomings, improve the relevant system of close contact with the masses, and build a long-term mechanism for work style construction. Educate leading cadres to consciously inherit fine traditions and work styles, learn from the lofty spirit and political quality of the revolutionary ancestors, put hardships first and enjoy later, go deep into the grassroots and practice, earnestly do a good job in mass work, safeguard the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, truly make cadres awe and the masses have confidence, and constantly consolidate the party’s ruling foundation.

  (4) Make the role of the patrol sword more prominent.

  Deepen political inspections. Party constitution, who was newly revised at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, enriched and improved the contents of the inspection work, and made the inspection system a single article, which became the fundamental follow-up of the inspection work in the new era. It is necessary to implement the regulations on inspection work, formulate the Central Inspection Work Plan (2018-2022), and clarify the overall thinking, objectives, tasks and main measures of inspection work in the next five years. Deepen the political patrol under the guidance of political construction, keep a close eye on the political stance and political ecology of the inspected party organizations, focus on the implementation of party constitution and the spirit of the 19th Party Congress, check the implementation of the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the party’s leadership, promote the party’s construction, strictly manage the party in an all-round way, seriously carry out the party’s line, principles and policies, carefully look for the "four winds" performance, and focus on discovering formalism and bureaucracy. Take patrol supervision as the breakthrough point, strengthen top-down organizational supervision, improve bottom-up democratic supervision, give play to the role of mutual supervision at the same level, and improve the inner-party supervision system.

  Improve the quality of full coverage. Firmly grasp the patrol policy of the CPC Central Committee, realize the full coverage of the patrol of the party organizations of the local, departmental, enterprise and institution under the management of the Party Central Committee and the committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government during a term of office, find problems, form a shock, promote the implementation of the responsibility of managing the party, and enhance the party’s awareness and strict party discipline. Standardize the inspection work of party groups (party committees) of relevant central ministries and commissions and state organs. Make overall arrangements for regular inspections, deepen special inspections, strengthen mobile inspections, keep a close eye on key people, key things and key issues, conduct political inspections in depth, find problems accurately, analyze problems thoroughly, and rectify problems realistically. "Looking back" should become the norm, not only to check the inspection and rectification, but also to find new problems. Strengthen the comprehensive application of inspection results, improve the rectification supervision system, urge classified disposal, pay close attention to the implementation of rectification, strengthen the accountability for rectification, and ensure that all articles are rectified and all parts are in place.

  Carry out in-depth inspections. Establish a patrol inspection linkage mechanism and build a supervision network with up-and-down linkage. Party constitution stipulates that the party’s municipal (prefecture, league) and county (city, district, flag) committees shall establish an inspection system. The party committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should implement the opinions of the CPC Central Committee on the establishment of inspection system for city and county party committees and strengthen their leadership over inspection work. City and county party committees should fulfill their main responsibilities, highlight political inspections, check the implementation of the spirit of the 19th Party Congress by grass-roots party organizations, whether the party’s leadership is strong, whether political life is serious, and whether the party’s organization is sound, focus on solving the problems of weakening, blurring and marginalization, resolutely correct the problems of going through the motions and engaging in formalities, and promote grass-roots party organizations to strengthen political construction. Focusing on the inspection of the leading bodies of grass-roots party organizations and their members, especially the top leaders, we will explore ways and means to carry out cross-inspections and special inspections in counties (cities, districts and banners), focus on finding and solving unhealthy practices and corruption problems around the masses, and promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party to see practical results at the grassroots level.

  (5) comprehensively strengthen the party’s discipline construction.

  Strengthen the pertinence of discipline education. Discipline construction is the fundamental policy of strictly administering the party in an all-round way and provides norms and guarantees for other constructions. It is necessary to carry out regular discipline education, and take party constitution Party discipline as a compulsory course for Party schools, cadre colleges and party committees (party groups) theoretical study center groups, so as to enhance the effectiveness of education, and let party member cadres know awe, guard against fear, keep the bottom line, and get used to working and living in a supervised and constrained environment. Give full play to the leading role of advanced models, and let party member cadres learn from examples, demonstrate their actions and catch up with their goals. To improve the political nature of warning education, we should carry out warning education in our local departments and units, make good use of negative teaching materials, hold special democratic life meetings, draw inferences from other cases, and let party member cadres learn from them.

  Deepen the application of the "four forms" of supervision and discipline. The Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China wrote the "four forms" of supervision and discipline into party constitution, which is an important achievement of practice, theory and system innovation in comprehensively and strictly administering the Party. It is necessary to adhere to the policy of learning from the past, treating diseases and saving lives, adhering to the combination of strict management and love, deepening early detection, putting discipline ahead, improving the ability to find violations, grasping early and grasping small, and preventing delays; Deepen the classification and disposal, strengthen analysis and research, improve the ability to accurately grasp the discipline standards and apply policies, and prevent improper application, inaccurate scale, and abnormal weight; Deepen the use of the first form, make great efforts to strengthen daily management and supervision, make critical education become the norm, move forward and prevent problems before they happen; In the deepening of conversation and inquiry, party member cadres who have been interviewed and inquired should make an explanation at the democratic life meeting, give play to the educational incentive role of accepting letters and informing and the supervisory role of spot check and verification, and prevent perfunctory, deceiving organizations, and strictly deal with those who commit crimes while talking and inquiring.

  Strengthen daily supervision and discipline. Party constitution gives the party group with cadre management authority the corresponding disciplinary authority, which fully embodies the requirements of the consistency of power and responsibility in selecting and employing people and management supervision. It is necessary to focus on strengthening political discipline and organizational discipline, and promote the discipline of honesty, mass discipline, work discipline and life discipline to be strict. If you find signs, you will be reminded to correct them in time, and if you violate discipline, you will be dealt with seriously immediately, so that you can be really strict, dare to be strict, and be strict, so that discipline will always become a high-voltage line with electricity. Effectively protect the supervision power of cadres in party member, and severely deal with those who interfere with supervision and retaliate against supervisors, and those who insult, slander and frame others. According to party constitution’s new requirements for discipline construction, we should conscientiously sum up practical experience, study and revise Party internal laws and regulations such as disciplinary regulations, work rules for supervision and discipline, formulate working procedures for the Party Group to decide disciplinary matters in party member, and establish rules and regulations in ideological education, cadre management, supervision and inspection, so as to tighten the fence of the system.

  (6) Consolidate and develop the overwhelming situation of the anti-corruption struggle.

  Continue to maintain a high pressure situation. At present, the situation of the anti-corruption struggle is still severe and complicated, especially the interweaving of political issues and economic issues, regional corruption and territorial corruption, employment corruption and power corruption, "hunting" and being willing to be hunted. There is still a long way to go to strictly manage the party in an all-round way. Anti-corruption is a struggle that we can’t afford to lose. We must never give up halfway and fall short. We must be firm, accurate and orderly, more effectively curb the increase, more effectively reduce the stock, and promote the overwhelming situation of the anti-corruption struggle to an overwhelming victory. Adhere to no restricted area, full coverage, zero tolerance, heavy containment, strong pressure, long shock, bribery and bribery together, and continue to strengthen the atmosphere of not daring and Zhi Zhi. Focus on the leading cadres who have not converged and stopped since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and the clues of problems have been concentrated and the masses have reacted strongly. Now they are in important positions and may be promoted and used, focusing on investigating and dealing with corruption cases in which political issues and economic issues are intertwined to form interest groups. Focus on key areas and key links, focus on solving corruption problems in selecting and employing people, examining and approving supervision, resource development, finance and credit, bulk purchase, land transfer, real estate development, project bidding and public financial expenditure, and continuously enhance the deterrent effect. Give further play to the functions of the central and provincial anti-corruption coordination groups and build an authoritative and efficient anti-corruption work system and mechanism. Strictly review the investigation according to discipline and law, based on education to save, so that the object of review sincerely repents and admits his mistake. To ensure the safety of handling cases,Hold the bottom line firmly.

  The international pursuit of chasing and chasing keeps going. Adhere to both pursuit and escape, coordinate all forces, strengthen anti-corruption cooperation with relevant countries and international organizations, and continuously improve the ability and effectiveness of international pursuit and recovery. Continue to promote the "Skynet Action", keep a close eye on key areas and key cases, and no matter where corrupt elements flee, they must be brought to justice and brought to justice, so as to achieve a new breakthrough in recovering the number and effectively curb the growth of fleeing people. Deepen international law enforcement exchanges, strengthen asset recovery cooperation, actively participate in the formulation of relevant international rules, and promote new achievements in bilateral extradition and mutual legal assistance treaty negotiations. Strengthen the responsibility of the party organization where the fugitives belong, dynamically manage the information of the fugitives, and do a good job in political war, diplomatic war, legal war, public opinion war and information war to further occupy the moral commanding heights.

  Deepen the construction of institutional mechanisms that dare not rot, cannot rot, and do not want to rot. We must strengthen our confidence and determination, maintain a high-pressure situation, increase punishment, and strengthen the shock of not daring to rot. Deepen the treatment of both the symptoms and the root causes, summarize the institutional problems and loopholes found in the review, investigation and inspection, report to the CPC Central Committee and Party committees at all levels, promote the improvement of relevant internal party laws and regulations, promote the anti-corruption national legislation, promote the reform of institutional mechanisms and improve rules and regulations in various regions and departments, standardize the behavior of leading cadres’ spouses, children and their spouses in running enterprises through business, cut off the interest transmission chain through deepening reform and improving the system, and secure the incorruptible cage. Strengthen ideological and moral and party spirit education, strengthen the purpose of ideals and beliefs, carry forward excellent traditional culture, enhance the "four self-confidences", solve the "master switch" problem of world outlook, outlook on life and values, and enhance the consciousness of not wanting to rot.

  (7) Resolutely rectify corruption around the masses.

  Focus on rectifying "fly greed" that infringes on the interests of the masses. "Fly greed" swarms, and its harm is endless. It is necessary to focus on winning the fight against poverty, find a correct position, serve the overall situation, carry out special treatment on corruption and work style in the field of poverty alleviation, focus on investigating and correcting the problems of the Party Central Committee’s decision-making and deployment of poverty alleviation, fraud, failure to implement the main responsibility, supervision responsibility and supervision responsibility of functional departments, and seriously investigate and deal with corruption, misappropriation, interception of private points, false reporting, looting and so on. Resolutely investigate and deal with serious violations of discipline and law in the fields of people’s livelihood funds, "three-capital" management, land acquisition and demolition, education and medical care, ecological and environmental protection, and grassroots cadres eat and take cards, exploit and deduct, and be kind to their relatives and friends. We should combine the punishment of "fly greed" with the elimination of evil, resolutely investigate and deal with corruption related to the underworld, and resolutely punish party member cadres who indulge, shield evil forces or even act as "protective umbrellas" in order to win the trust of the people with solid results in safeguarding the vital interests of the masses.

  Intensify centralized rectification and supervision. All problems strongly reflected by the masses should be taken seriously, and all acts that harm the interests of the masses should be resolutely corrected. The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection should pay close attention to the outstanding problems reflected by the masses through inspections, letters and visits, etc., supervise and settle key cases with concentrated public anger and bad nature within a time limit, and report all typical cases to the public, which is a serious accountability for poor promotion of work and long-term unresolved problems. Party committees and discipline inspection commissions of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should firmly grasp the problem of punishing grassroots corruption. They should not only solve the common problems that exist universally, but also find the outstanding personality problems in the region, adjust measures to local conditions, accurately treat them, strengthen supervision and inspection, and put the responsibilities and tasks on cities, counties and relevant departments. Party committees and disciplinary committees in cities and counties should go deep into inspection and supervision in counties and townships, never let go of problems that infringe on the interests of the masses, solve any problems and focus on rectifying any problems that are outstanding, and "double accountability" for party committees and disciplinary committees that fail to perform their duties. The county and township disciplinary committees should take investigating and dealing with unhealthy practices and corruption around the masses as an important task, dare to take responsibility and face hardships, and cover the party strictly to the "last mile".

  (8) Promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party’s responsibilities.

  Promote the comprehensive coverage and layer-by-layer transmission of the responsibility of managing the party. Strictly administering the party in an all-round way is a systematic project. To govern the whole party by the whole party, we must give full play to the party’s organizational advantages and form a good situation in which the whole party works together. It is necessary to firmly grasp the "bull nose" of the main responsibility of the party Committee (party group) and the first responsible person of the party Committee (party group) secretary, and promote the central and state organs, state-owned enterprises and institutions, financial institutions, and party committees (party groups) in colleges and universities to effectively shoulder the political responsibility of managing the party. Through on-the-spot investigation and interviews with Party committee (party group) secretaries, it is necessary to strengthen supervision and inspection of the party organizations in the areas and departments under their jurisdiction in fulfilling their responsibilities of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, overcome the phenomenon of diminishing pressure transmission, solve the problem that some party organizations are lax in managing the party and the party, solve the problems that some grassroots party organizations are weak and lax, and the role of fighting fortresses is not strong, and promote the work to be extended to the grassroots level and the responsibility to be implemented to the grassroots level. Make good use of the sharp weapon of accountability, ask questions if you fail, be strict with accountability, and awaken the sense of responsibility with strong accountability. Weakening the party’s leadership, lacking in party building, failing to fully and strictly implement the party’s responsibility, failing to uphold the party’s political discipline and rules, failing to implement the spirit of the eight central regulations, outstanding problems in selecting and employing people, serious corruption, and inaction, we must dare to be accountable and expose typical problems; Those who are accountable but not accountable should be seriously investigated.

  Strengthen the leadership of the superior discipline inspection commission to the lower discipline inspection commission. Party constitution stipulates that the Party’s local discipline inspection committees at all levels and grass-roots discipline inspection committees work under the dual leadership of the Party committees at the same level and the discipline inspection committees at higher levels. It is necessary to strengthen the leadership of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection over the provincial disciplinary committees and accredited (dispatched) institutions, strengthen the leadership of the higher-level disciplinary committees over the construction of the lower-level disciplinary committees, urge the disciplinary committees at all levels to continue to deepen their functions, methods and styles, and earnestly shoulder the political responsibility of assisting the party committees to promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party. To give full play to the role of the specialized organ of inner-party supervision, it is necessary to stand up straight, keep your eyes wide open, be brave in supervision and be impartial and disciplined under the leadership of the party Committee at the same level and the higher-level discipline inspection commission; It is also necessary to strengthen the leadership of the lower-level disciplinary committees in daily supervision and handling of problem clues within the scope of their duties. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision role of discipline inspection institutions in universities and state-owned enterprises. We will deepen the reform of accredited institutions, give them supervisory functions, clarify the supervisory authority and working procedures of accredited institutions, improve the full coverage of discipline inspection institutions accredited by local disciplinary committees to party and state organs at the same level, strengthen supervisory responsibilities, and play a "probe" role.

  Third, strengthen the self-construction of discipline inspection and supervision organs

  Strike while the iron is hot. In order to have a new atmosphere and new achievements in the new era, we must cultivate new qualities and shape new images. Discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels and the broad masses of discipline inspection and supervision cadres should profoundly understand the political, historical, theoretical and practical significance of the spirit of the 19th Party Congress, and the strength of truth, spirit and culture contained in it, and always be loyal and firm, responsible, law-abiding, honest and clean, always adhere to the people’s stand, uphold noble feelings, and always persist in seeking truth from facts, seeking truth and being pragmatic, being loyal to their duties and earnestly performing their duties. We should consciously apply the basic principles of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and consciously apply the standpoint, viewpoint and method contained in the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era to think about problems, make decisions, do work and implement them. It is necessary to effectively enhance the sense of anxiety in times of peace, the spirit of making the Party and the country responsible, maintain the determination, endurance and vitality of discipline inspection and supervision in the new era, maintain the continuity, stability and foresight of work, policies and measures, focus on work one by one, move forward step by step, and earnestly fulfill the glorious mission entrusted by the party and the people.

  (a) consciously loyal to the party, to ensure political integrity. Discipline inspection and supervision organs are political organs, and their special position and important responsibilities determine that loyalty to the party must be the primary political principle of work, the primary political nature of the team and the primary political quality of cadres. We should thoroughly study and understand the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, strengthen the purpose of ideals and beliefs, and implement the maintenance of the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership in all aspects of discipline construction, supervision and discipline, patrol inspection and accountability. We should strengthen loyalty education, persist in comparing ourselves, transforming ourselves and improving ourselves with the Marxist political view, so as to have the party, the people, the responsibility and the precept in mind, enhance political determination, discipline determination, moral determination and resistance to corruption, and always maintain a never-ending mental state and an indomitable struggle posture.

  (2) Strengthen capacity building to ensure high skills. Discipline inspection and supervision cadres should have both excellent political quality and excellent professional ability. Facing the new task of comprehensively and strictly administering the Party and comprehensively promoting the reform of the state supervision system, and facing the new requirements of linking discipline and law and enforcing discipline and law, the panic of discipline inspection and supervision cadres’ skills has become more and more prominent. We should work hard to enhance our learning ability, be diligent in learning and hungry, learn from books and read more classics, learn from practice and ask for advice from the people, and be good at solving practical problems with historical, cultural and philosophical thinking; Work hard to enhance professional ability, seriously study party constitution’s party rules and constitutional laws, strengthen the awareness of discipline and law, master the professional knowledge in the supervised fields, improve the skills of daily supervision, discipline review and investigation according to law, punish corruption with the rule of law thinking and the rule of law, and ensure that every case can stand the test of history and people; Work hard to enhance execution, insist on telling the truth, seeking practical things, making practical moves and seeking practical results, and firmly grasp the initiative in work; Efforts should be made to enhance the ability of reform and innovation, make full use of Internet technology and information technology, build a platform for reporting and reporting covering the discipline inspection and supervision system, and unblock the channels for party member people to reflect the situation and carry out supervision.

  (three) lead the team to ensure the performance of their duties in place. Adhere to the principle of the Party’s management of cadres and the standards of good cadres, take effectively solving the problem of poor performance of duties as the focus of the construction of discipline inspection and supervision cadres, closely focus on the responsibility of supervision, discipline and accountability, increase the rotation, exchange and training of cadres, implement "one post and two responsibilities" at all levels, strengthen the supervision of daily education management, and build a working organ that stresses politics, understands rules, abides by discipline and refuses to corrode. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection should play an exemplary role, be serious about the political life within the Party, take the lead in observing the party rules and regulations of party constitution, strictly implement democratic centralism, set an example in practicing "three strictness and three realities", and consciously accept supervision from all sides. The organs of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection should implement the responsibility of party building, and leading cadres should take the lead in teaching party classes to improve their political quality and work ability. Strengthen ideological and political work, carry out in-depth heart-to-heart talks, and strictly demand and manage cadres, but also care for and care for them sincerely, so as to create a good environment of honesty, seriousness, unity, harmony and ease of mind. Discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels should highlight their political functions, promote all work with party building, do a good job in building grass-roots party organizations, and build party branches, patrol inspection teams and temporary party branches of inspection and investigation teams into strong battlefortresses.

  (4) Dare to do good deeds and ensure a good style of work. Revise, improve and strictly implement the implementation measures for improving the work style of the leading group of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, deepen the change of work style and improve the ability to perform their duties. In the trend of investigation and research in Daxing, leading cadres should take the lead in investigation and frequent investigation, dive into the front line, obtain first-hand information, grasp the real situation, find the way and path to solve the difficult problems according to the essence and law of quasi-things, and constantly improve the level of creative work combined with reality. We should carry forward the spirit of seriousness, maintain the style of hard struggle, be modest and prudent, guard against arrogance and rashness, be diligent and dedicated, be highly responsible, and really put our mind and energy into our own work. Discipline inspection and supervision cadres should adhere to the principle of party spirit, dare to sing "bad COP" and "protect the public" for the interests of the party and the people, resolutely fight against violations of discipline and law, and never be passive and slack, avoid contradictions and be "good guys".

  (five) abide by the integrity, to ensure their own clean. The joint office of the Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Commission for Supervision has expanded the scope of supervision, enriched its authority, and withstood more severe tests, putting forward new and higher requirements for the self-construction of the discipline inspection and supervision organs. The right must be supervised, and the right to use it cannot be willful. Discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels should be cautious in exercising their powers, be strict and strict in self-discipline, conscientiously implement the work rules of supervision and discipline and relevant laws and regulations, strengthen self-supervision, improve the internal control mechanism, put power into the system cage, and resolutely prevent the occurrence of cases for personal gain, leaks, and violations of discipline. We should consciously accept inner-party supervision and social supervision, interpret clean connotations in words and deeds, and leave clean records. Give full play to the role of party committees, discipline inspection committees and cadre supervision institutions, carefully check the clues that reflect the cadres of discipline inspection and supervision, never cover up their shortcomings, resolutely investigate and deal with violations of discipline and dereliction of duty, resolutely clean up the door, resolutely prevent "black under the lights", forge the discipline inspection and supervision team with iron discipline, and ensure that the power entrusted by the party and the people will not be abused, and the sword of punishing evil and promoting good will never be dusty.

  Comrades, strictly administering the party in an all-round way is always on the road, and the responsibility of the discipline inspection and supervision organs is more important than Mount Tai. Let’s closely unite around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core. Do not forget your initiative mind, mindful of his mission, is selfless, fearless and enterprising, and constantly achieves new results in strictly administering the Party, building a clean and honest party style and fighting corruption, and makes new and greater contributions to the implementation of the strategic plan of the 19th Party Congress, the decisive victory in building a well-off society in an all-round way and the great victory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era!

Promoting the development of leasing market requires the adaptation of corresponding financial products and systems.

Our reporter Wu Jing Lu Zhikun reports from Beijing.
With the closing of the Central Economic Work Conference, the trend of the real estate market in the new year has become the focus of attention from all walks of life in the industry.
Compared with 2018 and 2019, the meeting in 2020 listed real estate as a major item separately, and proposed "solving the outstanding housing problem in big cities" for the first time. The specific solution is to attach great importance to the construction of affordable rental housing.
Recently, Zhou Xing, general manager of the real estate operation division of Tianheng Group, accepted an exclusive interview with the reporter of China Business News to discuss how to solve the problems in the leasing market, how to innovate the urban renewal business and the subsequent impact of real estate regulation from the perspective of practitioners.
Zhou Xing, General Manager of Tianheng Group Real Estate Operation Division
Maintain the stability of the rental market
As an important part of the long-term mechanism of real estate regulation, the stability of the rental market is related to people’s livelihood and well-being. The Central Economic Work Conference in 2020 paid a lot of attention to the rental market, which mentioned that to solve the outstanding housing problem in big cities, we should adhere to the positioning that houses are used for living, not for speculation, and take measures according to local conditions to promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.
Compared with previous years, the meeting in 2020 particularly emphasized the need to attach great importance to the construction of affordable rental housing, speed up the improvement of the long-term rental policy, gradually make rental housing have the same rights in enjoying public services, and standardize the development of the rental market.
At the same time, in terms of land supply, it is necessary to tilt towards the construction of rental housing, make a separate plan for rental housing land, and explore the use of collective construction land and idle land owned by enterprises and institutions to build rental housing. Both state-owned and private enterprises should play a functional role.
In addition, it is necessary to reduce the tax burden of rental housing, rectify the order of the rental market, standardize market behavior, and rationally regulate the rent level.
Zhou Xing believes that solving the contradiction between supply and demand is the key to stabilizing the rental market. The country’s positioning of the rental market has always been very clear. As early as 2016, the policy level began to clearly encourage the development of the rental market. In August 2017, the former Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Pilot Program for Building Rental Housing with Collective Construction Land", which determined the first batch of pilot projects to build rental housing with collective construction land in 13 cities including Beijing and Shanghai.
At that time, all kinds of capital also increased the layout of the leasing market, especially in the field of long-term leasing. However, in the following years, some long-term rental apartment operators competed for housing at high prices in order to quickly occupy the market, "high income and low rent" and excessive use of financial leverage, which led to the explosion of platforms and social conflicts. Especially in Danke Apartment in 2020, long-term rental apartments are facing a serious crisis of social trust.
Zhou Xing pointed out that these events are typical of the early development of an industry. "These enterprises have expanded too fast in their own operations. Originally, their own financial strength was only enough to make 100 houses. They had to quickly occupy the market to make 1,000 houses, which could only be achieved by excessive use of financial leverage, which eventually led to thunder."
In addition to excessive use of financial leverage, he also pointed out that these platforms also have problems in the selection of properties. "Not all houses are suitable for long-term rental products. Long-term rental apartments need to meet a number of conditions before they can try, the first of which is that the cost of the project itself is low. "
Reducing the cost of land acquisition is a direct measure to control the project cost. At present, several cities have tried to develop collective land for lease. Due to the low acquisition cost of collective land, the pressure on the later operation of the leasing format with small profits can be alleviated to some extent.
"From the perspective of the whole world, the long-term rental market is a long-term and small-profit industry. All industries with small profits are very strict in cost requirements, and both property costs and operating costs must be strictly controlled." Zhou Xing said, "In fact, it is very difficult to locate a good long-term rental project, because it is necessary to coordinate factors such as cost, transportation, specific housing needs, and subsequent rental rate and operation and maintenance costs."
At the same time, the house itself is asset-oriented, and the long-term rental apartment project needs a lot of long-term and low-cost funds to achieve benign operation. "There must be such funds in the whole society, but appropriate financial instruments are needed to match them." Zhou Xing suggested that if we want to promote the development of the leasing market, we need corresponding financial products and system adaptation.
Previously, REITs products with high voice are mainly used in public construction and infrastructure fields, and the project yield is more than 4%. At present, long-term rental apartments need to be strictly controlled in many links to achieve such a yield. "It is still difficult." Zhou Xing thinks.
The lack of corresponding financial instruments is an important reason that restricts the large-scale replication of the long-term rental model. Zhou Xing said: "I believe that with the increasing attention paid by the state to the leasing market, there will be corresponding financial innovations in the future."
From the perspective of participants, Zhou Xing believes that the leasing market should be "full of flowers". "There must be government-led projects, private enterprises and individuals, and the housing needs are diverse. This market also needs a variety of solutions." However, in any case, the government’s corresponding supervision must keep up. For example, many cities have set up special fund supervision accounts for long-term rental apartment enterprises to limit the excessive use of financial leverage by enterprises.
The "three red lines" have obvious short-term impact on the industry.
Compared with the previous policy regulation, at the end of August 2020, the "three red lines" proposed by the regulatory authorities for the financing of housing enterprises were interpreted by many people in the industry as "fierce drugs" to stabilize the real estate market.
The so-called "three red lines", that is, the asset-liability ratio after excluding advance payments shall not be greater than 70%, the net debt ratio shall not be greater than 100%, and the cash short-term debt ratio shall not be less than 1 time. According to the "three red lines", the regulatory authorities will divide the pilot housing enterprises into four grades, and the upper limit of the growth rate of interest-bearing liabilities will increase by 5% for each grade reduction.
Zhou Xing believes that the "three red lines" regulation is very accurate. "The’ three red lines’ are actually in charge of the financial industry, that is, to strictly control the financing behavior of housing enterprises in financial institutions. In the short term, it will have a big impact on all housing enterprises, especially highly leveraged enterprises, which can be seen from some performances in the capital market. "
At the same time, the competition pattern of the follow-up industries is also facing new changes. "The change in the seating chart of (real estate enterprises) will not be as drastic as before." Zhou Xing believes that in the previous stage, some enterprises in the real estate industry increased leverage relatively quickly, achieving rapid expansion and catching up with the industry. But with the gradual implementation of the "three red lines" policy, the concentration trend of the industry will gradually slow down. "Because it is difficult for housing enterprises to rely on debt to expand their scale, there are fewer opportunities to catch up quickly."
But objectively, he believes that such a policy will gradually promote the healthy development of the real estate market. "As the largest industry in China, the real estate industry is closely related to the financial industry and plays a self-evident role in the stable development of the economy."
Urban renewal tests the comprehensive strength of enterprises
Consistent with the government work report in 2020, in the Central Economic Work Conference at the end of the year, the renovation of old residential areas was put into the section of promoting domestic demand. When deploying the work related to "persisting in expanding domestic demand", the meeting said that it is necessary to implement urban renewal actions, promote the transformation of old urban communities and build a modern logistics system.
In fact, with the arrival of the era of real estate stock, in cities such as Beishangguangshen and Shenzhen, obtaining projects through urban renewal has become one of the important ways for many housing enterprises to participate in urban development.
However, compared with the previous real estate development, the connotation of urban renewal is richer. In terms of development logic, Zhou Xing believes that enterprises should understand that "urban renewal occurs with the adjustment and upgrading of urban functions, and in fact the biggest dominant party is the government".
Based on this, he proposed: "Urban renewal is not a simple project, even a single project of urban renewal should be considered in the overall layout of the city. Therefore, urban renewal has a strong policy. It is not the will of an enterprise, but the overall improvement of the city as the core. "
When many factors are taken into consideration in urban renewal, the development difficulty will also increase. Take the challenging office, business and public space products as an example, these transformations need to be suitable for all kinds of people in the same space. Zhou Xing explained: "For example, if the commercial transformation involves the change of land nature, is the property right flawed?" Are laws and regulations allowed? Can the new use be approved by the government? Therefore, the actual operation must match the policy environment, laws and regulations, and the process is still very complicated. "
This also means that urban renewal is an area that tests the comprehensive strength of enterprises. He believes that when enterprises participate in urban renewal, they need to be very familiar with local policies and regulations, as well as human history and development context. In addition, most urban renewal projects have a long development cycle. "So enterprises need to have strong financial strength, at least a lot of long-term funds."
(Editor: Lu Zhikun Proofreading: Yan Jingning)
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