On December 8th, the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a press conference, inviting relevant responsible comrades and experts from the National Health and Wellness Commission and the National Bureau of Disease Control to attend, and introducing the situation of further optimizing the implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures. Please pay attention to the Q&A of this issue!
Scientifically and accurately implement ten optimization measures
△ Mi Feng, spokesperson of the National Health and Wellness Commission and deputy director of the Propaganda Department
After the introduction of the ten optimization measures, all localities acted quickly, formulated specific implementation measures, accurately defined high-risk areas, optimized nucleic acid detection, adjusted isolation methods, canceled the negative nucleic acid test certificate, and cancelled health codes and trip codes according to regulations.
It is necessary to implement it scientifically and accurately in accordance with national prevention and control measures. Smooth the channel of "handling complaints immediately" and respond to and solve the urgent problems reflected by the masses at the first time.
It is necessary to speed up the Covid-19 vaccination for the elderly, conduct a thorough health survey for the elderly suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, tumor, immune deficiency and other diseases, and provide health services in different grades.
I also remind you that after optimizing the measures, you should continue to do personal protection, maintain healthy and civilized living habits, be the first person responsible for your own health, protect yourself and protect your family.
What role do medical institutions at all levels play in providing classified health services for key populations?
△ Guo Yanhong, Director of the Medical Emergency Department of the National Health and Wellness Commission
Everyone pays special attention to the classified management of positive infected people in Covid-19, which is also an important part of the optimization measures. As we know, Omicron mutant spreads quickly, is highly contagious and spreads invisibly. However, with the variation of the virus, it can be said that the vast majority of infected people are mild or asymptomatic in clinical characteristics, and the proportion of severe cases is relatively small. Therefore, in order to make an overall plan for the layout and utilization of medical resources, the key point is to do a good job in the medical treatment and management of those who are seriously ill and have serious risk factors in COVID-19. We have classified and treated those infected with COVID-19 virus.
First, for mild and asymptomatic infected people, those who have no basic diseases or whose basic diseases are in a stable period, they can take care of themselves at home. Today, we issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Guidelines for Home Treatment of Infected Persons in Covid-19, giving guidance to home care and the work of primary health care institutions.
On the one hand, the infected people carry out self-health monitoring and symptomatic treatment at home. It is particularly important to emphasize that there is no need for treatment without symptoms, and self-health monitoring should be done well. If there are symptoms, such as fever and cough, do a good job of symptomatic treatment. If necessary, you can contact primary medical and health institutions or through the form of internet medical treatment, and the doctor will give professional guidance.
On the other hand, because most infected people can be treated in isolation at home, we require grass-roots medical and health institutions to make public consultation calls, and at the same time establish ledgers for elderly people living alone, patients with basic diseases, and pregnant women, especially those with hemodialysis, to do a good job in medical service guarantee. Hospitals can also provide online services through Internet medical services, and medical staff, especially those in primary medical and health institutions, can also provide various forms of professional services such as door-to-door. At the same time, we require medical institutions at all levels, especially primary medical and health institutions, to prepare commonly used drugs and antigen detection reagents, which can meet the needs of health monitoring and medication for home therapists.
Second, this part of patients with severe illness or serious risk should be admitted to designated hospitals. In order to ensure the treatment of this part of patients with severe illness or serious risk, we require that hospitals with strong comprehensive ability and high treatment level should be selected as designated treatment hospitals, and at the same time, they should be equipped with strong medical staff. The medical staff team should be multidisciplinary, because it is necessary to ensure the treatment of COVID-19, but also to ensure the treatment of basic diseases. Therefore, we require the designated hospitals to improve the ability of medical treatment and ensure the treatment of patients.
Thirdly, there are some patients who have basic diseases or other diseases, and go to general hospitals or specialized hospitals for treatment. In the process of treatment, they may be COVID-19 positive after testing. For this group of people, we have asked general hospitals and specialized hospitals to set up buffer zones in outpatient, emergency and inpatient areas, so as to ensure that these patients can be treated and meet the needs of people’s medical services.
In autumn and winter, there are many respiratory infectious diseases, including influenza, and many of them have fever symptoms. Therefore, we require that the fever clinics of medical institutions should be "fully set up and fully opened", and at the same time, the telephone number and address should be made public so that ordinary people can go to the fever clinic nearby for treatment. At the same time, it is also required that the fever clinic should expand the consultation space, equip the medical staff, improve the consultation ability, and not shut down at will to ensure that the diagnosis and treatment work can be carried out smoothly and orderly, and better safeguard the health of the people.
What are the specific requirements for optimizing measures to further narrow the scope and reduce the frequency of nucleic acid detection?
△ He Qinghua, the first-level inspector of the Department of Communication and Prevention of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention
Further optimization measures require further optimization of nucleic acid detection, emphasizing that nucleic acid detection should focus on areas and people with high risk of infection, mainly reducing the scope and frequency of nucleic acid detection from the following aspects:
First, not to carry out all-staff nucleic acid testing according to administrative regions.
Second, except for special places such as nursing homes, welfare homes, medical institutions, child care institutions, primary and secondary schools, negative proof of nucleic acid testing is not required.
Third, cross-regional migrants will no longer be examined for negative nucleic acid test certificates or health codes, and landing inspections will no longer be carried out.
Fourth, according to the needs of epidemic prevention work, antigen testing can be carried out.
In addition, it is also required to carry out nucleic acid testing for employees in high-risk positions in accordance with the relevant provisions of Article 20 optimization measures, and the scope of nucleic acid testing shall not be expanded.
Employees in high-risk positions mainly include: those who are in direct contact with entry personnel, articles and the environment, staff in centralized isolation places, medical staff in fever clinics in designated medical institutions and general medical institutions, and those who are engaged in supermarkets, express delivery and take-out with frequent contacts and strong mobility.
Many elderly people with mobility difficulties rarely go to crowded places. Why should they be vaccinated?
△ Xia Gang, Director of the Department of Health and Immunity, National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention
At present, the epidemic situation is still severe and complicated. Vaccination still has a good effect in preventing severe illness and death. Vulnerable people such as the elderly can easily develop into severe illness, critical illness and even death after being infected with Covid-19. Vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine has benefited the most. There are quite a few disabled and semi-disabled elderly people in China who live at home for a long time and rarely go out. However, they may still be infected during the company or visit of relatives, which may lead to illness or even serious illness and death. Therefore, it is still necessary to vaccinate.
At the same time, considering the mobility of these elderly people, in order to make them more convenient for vaccination, we have continued some previous good practices, including using mobile vaccination vehicles, setting up special vaccination sessions for the elderly and opening up green channels for vaccination for the elderly. At the same time, it is also suggested that all localities can send medical personnel with rich experience in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination to form vaccination teams, carry common equipment and medicines needed during observation after vaccination, and provide home vaccination services for disabled and semi-disabled elderly people, so that these elderly people can complete vaccination without leaving home.
What are the high-risk posts specified in epidemic prevention measures?
△ Wang Liping, a researcher at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of China
The first category is extremely risky, which refers to those who are in direct contact with entry personnel, articles and environment, staff in centralized isolation places, and medical staff in fever clinics of designated medical institutions and general medical institutions. They are required to conduct closed-loop management during the operation and conduct nucleic acid testing every day.
The second category refers to the staff of Shangchao, who are closely related to our lives. Some employees working in the environment, such as express delivery and take-away, are relatively dense. They have frequent contact with people and strong mobility. We should also do a good job in monitoring and nucleic acid testing, and require two nucleic acid tests every week.
Personal physical discomfort, what can I choose to observe at home? Which ones need medical treatment?
△ Wang Guiqiang, Director of Infectious Diseases Department of Peking University First Hospital
Patients need certain basic conditions for home observation, including having a separate room and no serious basic diseases. Most infected people in Covid-19 can stay at home, and only a few people with serious basic diseases need to see a doctor in a medical institution.
Home observation emphasizes home observation and treatment. On the one hand, it is necessary to measure your body temperature regularly and observe your various symptoms. If you have symptoms such as fever and cough, you can take medicine for the symptoms.
If the following situations occur, it is recommended to contact the community doctor. If the illness is serious, you can contact 120 to go to the hospital for treatment. One is dyspnea and shortness of breath. Second, after drug treatment, you still have a fever. If it exceeds 38.5℃ for more than 3 days, you should go to the hospital. Third, when the original basic disease is obviously aggravated, medication can not be controlled, or there is a risk of acute and critical diseases such as precordial pain, you must go to the hospital in time for treatment. Fourth, children have drowsiness, vomiting, diarrhea, refusal to eat, etc., and they will not be relieved after treatment. Those who have been in the hospital for more than two days will also go to the hospital. Fifth, pregnant women have headaches, dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath or abnormal fetal movement, and they should also go to the hospital for treatment.
In short, when observing in isolation at home, do a good job of personal health monitoring, and contact community doctors at any time if you have any problems, and go to the hospital for treatment if necessary to avoid aggravation of the disease.
Text finishing: Wang Ning
Video clip: Wang Junke and Yang Shijia (internship)
Editor: Yang Minghao